Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards
John Lowe
(1)
,
Nick Barton
(2)
,
Simon Blockley
(1)
,
Christopher Bronk Ramsey
(3)
,
Victoria L. Cullen
(3)
,
William Davies
(4)
,
Clive Gamble
(5)
,
Katharine Grant
(6)
,
Mark Hardiman
(1)
,
Rupert Housley
(1)
,
Christine S. Lane
(3)
,
Sharen Lee
(3)
,
Mark Lewis
(7)
,
Alison Macleod
(1)
,
Martin Menzies
(8)
,
Wolfgang Müller
(8)
,
Mark Pollard
(3)
,
Catherine Price
(9)
,
Andrew P. Roberts
(10)
,
Eelco J. Rohling
(6)
,
Chris Satow
(1)
,
Victoria C. Smith
(3)
,
Chris B. Stringer
(11)
,
Emma L. Tomlinson
(8)
,
Dustin White
(4, 9)
,
Paul Albert
(8)
,
Ilenia Arienzo
(12)
,
Graeme Barker
(13)
,
Dušan Borić
(14)
,
Antonio Carandente
(15)
,
Lucia Civetta
(16)
,
Catherine Ferrier
(17)
,
Jean-Luc Guadelli
(18)
,
Panagiotis Karkanas
(19)
,
Margarita Koumouzelis
(20)
,
Ulrich C. Müller
(21)
,
Giovanni Orsi
(12)
,
Joerg Pross
(21)
,
Mauro Rosi
(22)
,
Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar
(23)
,
Nikolay Sirakov
(24)
,
Polychronis C. Tzedakis
(1)
1
Department of Geography
2 Institute of Archaeology
3 Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford]
4 Archaeology Department
5 Archaeology Department
6 Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton]
7 Palaeontology Department
8 Department of Earth Sciences [Egham]
9 Institute of Archaeology
10 RSES - Research School of Earth Sciences [ANU, Canberra]
11 Palaeontology Department
12 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
13 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
14 Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion
15 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
16 Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples]
17 PPP
18 PPP
19 Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece
20 Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece
21 Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main]
22 UNIV. PISA - Universita di Pisa Dip. Scienze Geologiche
23 National Institution Museum of Macedonia
24 NAIM - National Archaeological Institute and Museum
2 Institute of Archaeology
3 Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford]
4 Archaeology Department
5 Archaeology Department
6 Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton]
7 Palaeontology Department
8 Department of Earth Sciences [Egham]
9 Institute of Archaeology
10 RSES - Research School of Earth Sciences [ANU, Canberra]
11 Palaeontology Department
12 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
13 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
14 Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion
15 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
16 Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples]
17 PPP
18 PPP
19 Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece
20 Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece
21 Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main]
22 UNIV. PISA - Universita di Pisa Dip. Scienze Geologiche
23 National Institution Museum of Macedonia
24 NAIM - National Archaeological Institute and Museum
Katharine Grant
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767737
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4299-5504
Jean-Luc Guadelli
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 16340
- IdHAL : jean-luc-guadelli
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8730-6712
- IdRef : 032569122
Résumé
Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results confirm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.
Format du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards
|
Résumé |
en
Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results confirm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.
|
Auteur(s) |
John Lowe
1
, Nick Barton
2
, Simon Blockley
1
, Christopher Bronk Ramsey
3
, Victoria L. Cullen
3
, William Davies
4
, Clive Gamble
5
, Katharine Grant
6
, Mark Hardiman
1
, Rupert Housley
1
, Christine S. Lane
3
, Sharen Lee
3
, Mark Lewis
7
, Alison Macleod
1
, Martin Menzies
8
, Wolfgang Müller
8
, Mark Pollard
3
, Catherine Price
9
, Andrew P. Roberts
10
, Eelco J. Rohling
6
, Chris Satow
1
, Victoria C. Smith
3
, Chris B. Stringer
11
, Emma L. Tomlinson
8
, Dustin White
4, 9
, Paul Albert
8
, Ilenia Arienzo
12
, Graeme Barker
13
, Dušan Borić
14
, Antonio Carandente
15
, Lucia Civetta
16
, Catherine Ferrier
17
, Jean-Luc Guadelli
18
, Panagiotis Karkanas
19
, Margarita Koumouzelis
20
, Ulrich C. Müller
21
, Giovanni Orsi
12
, Joerg Pross
21
, Mauro Rosi
22
, Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar
23
, Nikolay Sirakov
24
, Polychronis C. Tzedakis
1
1
Department of Geography
( 97595 )
- University College London 26 Bedford way London WC1H OAP
- Royaume-Uni
2
Institute of Archaeology
( 106036 )
- Oxford OX1 2PG,
- Royaume-Uni
3
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford]
( 58185 )
- 36 Beaumont Street
Oxford OX1 2PG
- Royaume-Uni
4
Archaeology Department
( 212282 )
- University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF
- Royaume-Uni
5
Archaeology Department
( 212283 )
- University of Southampton National Oceanography Centre Southampton SO17 1BF
- Royaume-Uni
6
Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton]
( 128429 )
- European Way, Southampton SO 14 3ZH
- Royaume-Uni
7
Palaeontology Department
( 212285 )
- Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD
- Royaume-Uni
8
Department of Earth Sciences [Egham]
( 185324 )
- Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX
- Royaume-Uni
9
Institute of Archaeology
( 212288 )
- Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2PG
- Royaume-Uni
10
RSES -
Research School of Earth Sciences [ANU, Canberra]
( 6567 )
- Mills Road, Acton ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
- Australie
11
Palaeontology Department
( 212290 )
- Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD
- Royaume-Uni
12
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
( 63636 )
- Italie
13
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
( 212291 )
- University of Cambridge, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge CB2 3ER
- Royaume-Uni
14
Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion
( 212292 )
- Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3EU
- Royaume-Uni
15
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
( 131802 )
- France
16
Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche [Naples]
( 212293 )
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II - Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo - Via Cinthia, I-80126, Napoli
- Italie
17
PPP
( 404735 )
-
- France
18
PPP
( 389486 )
-
- France
19
Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece
( 212294 )
- 116 36 Athens
- Grèce
20
Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece
( 212295 )
- 116 36 Athens
- France
21
Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main]
( 186043 )
- Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Allemagne
22
UNIV. PISA -
Universita di Pisa Dip. Scienze Geologiche
( 34589 )
- Universita di Pisa Dip. Scienze Geologiche Via S. Maria 56100 Pisa
- Italie
23
National Institution Museum of Macedonia
( 212298 )
- Skopje
- Macédoine du Nord
24
NAIM -
National Archaeological Institute and Museum
( 84408 )
- Saborna 2, 1000 Sofia
- Bulgarie
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2012
|
Volume |
109
|
Numéro |
34
|
Page/Identifiant |
13532-13537
|
Commentaire |
5 fig., support infos, tab. S2-S5
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Mots-clés |
en
Volcanic eruption, Volcanic ash, Campanian Ignimbrite, Cryptotephra deposits, Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, Neanderthal, Earliest anatomically modern human, Human dispersal
|
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1204579109 |
PubMed Central | PMC3427068 |
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