J. B. Arbaugh, L. Cox, and M. Camp, « Is entrepreneurial orientation a global construct ? A multi-country study of entrepreneurial orientation, growth strategy and performance, The Journal of Business Inquiry, vol.8, issue.1, pp.12-25, 2009.

J. M. Armario, D. M. Ruiz, and E. M. Armario, Market orientation and internationalization in small and medium-sized enterprises, J. Small Bus. Manage, vol.46, issue.4, p.485, 2008.

L. Arnone and E. Deprince, « Le rôle des réseaux sociaux dans l'internationalisation des petites entreprises », 13ème journée e-marketing, colloque marketing, 2014.

J. Arregle, R. Durand, and P. Very, Origines du capital social et avantages concurrentiels des firmes familiales, vol.7, pp.13-36, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00699291

J. L. Arrègle and . Arregle-j-l, L'approche fondée sur les ressources, les Nouvelles Approches de la gestion des organisations, pp.193-238, 2000.

G. Avlonitis and H. Salavou, Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs, product innovativeness, and performance, Journal of Business Research, vol.60, issue.5, pp.566-575, 2007.

A. Bahija, « La vision en gestion : examen de la documentation, Cahier de recherche, pp.2001-2008, 2001.

W. E. Baker and J. M. Sinkula, The complementary effects of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on profitability in small businesses, J. Small Bus. Manage, vol.47, issue.4, pp.443-464, 2009.

R. Baldegger, P. Schueffel, and M. Pasquier, « Dynamique de l'entrepreneuriat international. Cadre conceptuel et enjeux », 11 eme CIFEPME, pp.24-26, 2012.

J. B. Barney, Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, vol.17, pp.99-120, 1991.

J. B. Barney, The resource-based Theory of the Firm, Organization Science, vol.7, pp.469-501, 1996.

B. R. Barringer and A. C. Bluedorn, The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management, Strategic Management Journal, vol.20, p.421, 1999.

B. Barry, Human and Orgnaizational problems affecting growth in the smaller enterprise, Management Iternational Review, vol.20, issue.1, 1980.

A. Basile, Entrepreneurial orientation in SMEs : risk taking to enter international markets, Far East J. Psychol. Bus, vol.7, issue.2, pp.1-21, 2012.

O. Basso, « Peut-on manager les intrapreneurs ? » (French), Revue Française de Gestion, pp.225-242, 2006.

O. Basso and A. Fayolle, « L'entrepreneuriat organisationnel. Enjeux et perspectives », Revue française de gestion, p.192, 2009.

O. Basso, A. Fayolle, and V. Bouchard, « L'orientation entrepreneuriale : Histoire de la formation d'un concept », Revue Française de Gestion, , vol.195, pp.175-192, 2009.

J. R. Baum, The relation of traits, competencies, motivation, strategy, and structure to venture growth, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 1995.

C. Carrier, Regards sur l'évolution des pratiques entrepreneuriales, L'intrapreneuriat : évolution et tendances dans les connaissances et les pratiques, pp.71-102, 2008.

J. Carrière, La vision stratégique en contexte de PME : cadre théorique et étude empirique, Revue Internationale PME, vol.3, pp.301-325, 1990.

B. Cassiman and E. Golovko, Innovation and internationalization through exports, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.42, pp.56-75, 2011.

S. T. Cavusgil and S. Zou, Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures, Journal of Marketing, vol.58, pp.1-21, 1994.

S. T. Cavusgil and G. A. Knignt, Explaining an emerging phenomenon for international marketing : global orientation and the born-global firm, 1997.

G. Cazabat, L'internationalisation des petites entreprises : une nouvelle représentation, la facilitation d'internationalisation, Gestion et management. Conservatoire national des arts et metiers -CNAM, 2014.

D. Chadaud and J. Sattin, L'Intrapreneuriat : Au-delà des discours, quelles pratiques ? », 3 ème journée Georges Doriot, 2010.

A. D. Chandler, . Cambridge, . N. Ma.-;-g, and E. Jansen, The founder's self assessed competence and venture performance, J. Bus. Vent, vol.7, pp.223-236, 1990.

G. N. Chandler and E. Jansen, The founder's self-assessed competence and venture Performance, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.7, pp.223-236, 1992.

I. Chaston, « A Relative Advantage Matrix to Stimulate an SME Sector Proactive Managerial Orientation, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, vol.15, 1998.

M. Chemin, « The impact of the judiciary on entrepreneurship: Evaluation of Pakistan's "Access to Justice Programme», Journal of Public Economics, vol.93, pp.114-125, 2009.

Y. C. Chen, O. C. Li, and K. Evans, « Effects of interaction and entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance : insights into market driven and market driving, Industrial Marketing Management, vol.41, pp.1019-1034, 2012.

N. Cherchem, Une approche conceptuelle de la relation entre la culture d'entreprise et l'orientation entrepreneuriale des PME. Actes du 6ème Congrès de l'Académie de l'Entrepreneuriat, novembre, 2009.

N. Cherchem and A. Fayolle, « Culture d'entreprise, profil du dirigeant et orientation entrepreneuriale des PME : Un modèle théorique », 10 ème Congrès international en entrepreneuriat et PME, Bordeaux Child, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.17, issue.2, 1972.

J. Child, Predicting and understanding organizational structure », Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.18, pp.168-185, 1973.

J. Child, L. Chung, and H. Davies, The performance of cross-border units in China : a test of natural selection, strategic choice and contingency theories, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.34, pp.242-254, 2003.

J. G. Covin and D. Miller, International entrepreneurial orientation : conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.38, pp.11-44, 2014.

L. J. Cronbach, Coefficient Alpha and the Internal structure of, Test. Psychometrika, vol.16, pp.297-334, 1951.

J. B. Cunningham and J. Lischeron, « Defining Entrepreneruship », Journal of Small Business Management, vol.29, pp.45-61, 1991.

R. M. Cyert and J. G. March, A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, 1963.

A. Cyr, O. Meier, and . Pacitto, « la croissance interne des TPE : une tentative d'état des lieux, La vulnérabilité des TPE et des PME dans un environnement mondialisé, p.11, 2009.

, Journées scientifiques du Réseau Entrepreneuriat, vol.27, 2009.

. D'amboise-g.-&-m and . Muldowney, « Management Theory for Small Business : Attempts and Requirements, Academy of Management Journal, vol.13, p.2, 1988.

G. D'amboise and S. Bouchard, De l'utilisation du concept de vision dans les études des organisations. Québec : Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'administration, 1990.

J. Dahlqvist, P. Davidsson, and J. Wiklund, Initial conditions as predictors of new venture performance: A replication and extension of the Cooper et al. study, Proceedings of the International Council for Small Business conference, 1999.

P. Davidsson, A. Fayolle, and J. Pierre, Continued Entrepreneurship : Ability, Need, and Opportunity as Determinants of Small Firm Growth, Organisation entrepreneuriale et orientation vers les opportunités : un nouveau cadre d'analyse, vol.6, p.405, 1991.

J. Deeks, « The Small Firm -Asset or Liability, Journal of Management Studies, 1973.

J. E. Delery and D. H. Doty, Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management : tests of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions, Academy of Management Journal, vol.39, pp.802-835, 1996.

I. Deligianni, P. Dimitratos, A. Petrou, and Y. Aharoni, Entrepreneurial Orientation and International Performance : The Moderating Effect of Decision-Making Rationality, Journal of Small Business Management, 2015.

F. Delmar, « Measuring growth : methodological considerations and empirical results, Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms, 2006.

E. W. Deming, Du nouveau en économie, (traduction de New Economics for Industry), 1996.

J. E. Denis, Une synthèse de la recherche sur le comportement des firmes à l'exportation, Document de travail 90-15, 1990.

, The eclectic paradigm of international production : a restatement and some possible extensions, Portrait-robot et socio-styles des créateurs d'entreprises en, vol.19, pp.132-147, 1988.

G. D. Dess, G. T. Lumkin, and &. E. Mcgee, Linking Corporate Entrepreneurship to Strategy, Structure, and Process : Suggested Research Directions, vol.23, 1999.

G. D. Dess, G. T. Lumkin, and &. G. Covin, « Entrepreneurial Strategy Making and Firm Performance : Tests of Contingency and Configurational Models, Strategic Management Journal, vol.18, 1997.

D. Chabaud and S. Sammut, Le dirigeant au coeur des dynamiques entrepreneuriales des PME, vol.15, pp.7-13, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02477237

T. Dielman, S. Thomson-duxbury-djankov, Y. Qian, G. Roland, and E. Zhuravskaya, «Who are China's entrepreneurs?, American Economic Review, vol.96, issue.2, pp.348-352, 2001.

G. A. Dokou and . Obrecht-jean-jacques,

B. Jérôme,

P. Martine, , 2016.

«. Soutenable, une approche générationnelle en termes de capabilités entrepreneuriales, vol.33, pp.181-212, 2000.

K. Dokou and A. Gérard, , 2001.

N. Dominguez and U. Mayrhofer, « "Il n'est jamais trop tard pour entreprendre" : l'internationalisation des born-again globals, vol.15, 2016.

S. P. Douglas and C. S. Craig, International Market Research, 1983.

N. Dubost, « Les PME françaises évoluent-elles vers des bureaucraties ?, 1994.

W. Dunkelberg and C. C. Cooper-arnold, « Entrepreneurial Typologies: An Empirical Study, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, pp.1-15, 1982.

J. H. Dunning, Multinational Enterprise and the Global economy, 1993.

J. H. Dunning, Reappraising the eclectic paradigm in age of alliance capitalism, Journal of International Business studies, vol.26, pp.461-491, 1995.

J. H. Dunning, The eclectic paradigm of international production : past, present and future, International Journal of the Economics of Business, vol.8, pp.173-190, 2001.

J. H. Dunning, The eclectic paradigm of international business research : a professional autobiography fifty years researching and teaching, Journal of Small Business Management, vol.29, pp.242-261, 2002.

K. M. Eisenhardt, C. B. Schoonhoven, and &. C. Bird, « Organizational growth : linking founding team, strategy, environment and growth among U.S semi-conductor ventures, 1978.

, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.35, pp.504-529

P. Ellis, Social ties and foreign market entry, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.31, issue.3, pp.443-470, 2000.

P. D. Ellis, « Social ties and international entrepreneurship: Opportunities and constraints affecting firm internationalization, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.42, issue.1, pp.99-127, 2011.

L. J. Filion, Vision et Relations : Clefs du succès de l'entrepreneur, Montréal, Editions de l'entrepreneur, 1991.

L. J. Filion, Différences dans les systèmes de gestion des propriétaire-dirigeants, entrepreneurs et opérateurs de PME. Revue canadienne des sciences de l'administration, 1996.

. Décembre, Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences

L. J. Filion, Partage de la vision : réflexions préliminaires. Cahier de recherche N° 1996-09-01, HEC Montréal, septembre, 1996.

L. J. Filion, Le métier de l'entrepreneur. Cahier de recherche N°1997-10, HEC Montréal, septembre, 1997.

L. J. Filion, Two Types of Entrepreneurs: The operator and the visionary -Consequences of Education, dans pleitner H.J. (éd.) Renaissance of SMEs in a Globalized Economy, 1998.

L. J. Filion, Typologies d'entrepreneurs : Est-ce vraiment utile ? dans Histoire d'entreprendre, les réalités de l'entrepreneuriat, éditions Ems Management et Société, paris, pp.251-262, 2000.

L. J. Filion, Entrepreneurs et propriétaires -dirigeants de PME. Cahier de recherche N°2001-03, 2001.

L. J. Filion, , 2007.

S. D. Finkelstein and . Hambrick, « Top-management team tenure and organizational outcomes : the moderating role of managerial discretion, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.35, pp.484-503, 1990.

R. Fletcher, A holistic approach to internationalization. Int, Bus. Rev, vol.10, pp.25-49, 2001.

C. Fonrouge, « L'entrepreneur et son entreprise : une relation dialogique, Revue française de gestion, vol.138, pp.145-158, 2002.

J. W. Fredrickson and T. R. Mitchell, « Strategic decision processes: Comprehensiveness and performance in an industry with an unstable environment, Academy of Management Journal, vol.27, pp.399-423, 1984.

M. Frese, A. Brantjes, and R. Hoorn, Psychological success factors of small scale businesses in Namibia : the roles of strategy process, entrepreneurial orientation and the environment, J. Dev. Entrep, vol.7, issue.3, pp.259-282, 2002.

M. Frese and M. Dekruif, Psychological success factors of entrepreneurship in Africa : a selective literature review, Success and failure of microbusiness owners in Africa : a psychological approach, edited by M Frese. Quorum : W estport, pp.1-30, 2000.

M. Frese, S. I. Krauss, and C. Friedrich, Microenterprises in Zimbabwe : the function of sociodemographic factors, psychological strategies, personal initiative, and goal setting for entrepreneurial success, Success and failure of microbusiness owners in Africa : a psychological approach, pp.103-130, 2000.

D. Gamal, How to measure organization innovativeness ?, Report from Technological Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, EgyptInnovate, Innovation Support Department, vol.34, 2011.

Y. Gasse and C. Carrier, Gestion de l'entreprise africaine, 1994.

Y. Gasse, Les compétences et les pratiques de gestion des dirigeants de PME. Document de travail, vol.15, 1998.

Y. Gasse, M. Diochon, and T. V. Menzies, Les entrepreneurs émergents dont l'entreprise est devenue opérationnelle et les autres : comparaisons lors de la conception du projet d'entreprise, Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, vol.17, issue.2, pp.117-134, 2004.

B. George and L. Marino, « The epistemology of entrepreneurial orientation : Conceptual formation, modeling and operationalization, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.35, pp.989-1024, 2011.

S. Gerschewski, P. Mcdougall-covin, V. J. Lindsay, and E. L. Rose, « Advancing the entrepreneurial orientation construct: the role of passion and perseverance, 2014.

, Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business, pp.215-215

M. Gervais, « Pour une théorie de l'organisation PME », Revue Française de Gestion, mars-avril, 1978.

A. M. Gibb and . Scott, « Strategic Awareness, Personal Commitment and the Process of Planning in the Small Business, Journal of Management Studies, vol.22, p.6, 1985.

R. Gibrat, « Les Inégalités économiques : applications : aux inégalités des richesses, à la concentration des entreprises, aux populations des villes, aux statistiques des familles, etc. d'une loi nouvelle : la loi de l'effet proportionnel, 1931.

J. Glachant, . J.-h.-lorenzi-&-p, and . Trainar, Private Equity et capitalisme français, vol.329, 2008.

W. Glueck and T. Mescon, Entrepreneurship : A literature analysis of concepts, 1980.

A. Godener, La survenue des seuils organisationnels dans les petites et moyennes entreprises industrielles en croissance, 1996.

M. Granovetter, « The Strength of Weak Ties, American Journal of Sociology, vol.78, pp.1360-1380, 1973.

R. M. Grant, The resource-based theory of competitive advantage : implications for strategy formulation, California Management Revie w, pp.114-149, 1991.

S. B. Graves and N. Langowitz, Innovative Productivity and Returns to Scale in the Pharma-ceutical Industry, Strategic Management Journal, vol.14, pp.593-605, 1993.

M. Grawitz, Méthodes des sciences sociales. 10ème édition, 1996.

K. M. Green, J. G. Covin, and D. P. Slevin, Exploring the relationship between strategic reactiveness and entrepreneurial orientation : The role of structure-style fit, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.23, pp.356-383, 2008.

H. R. Greve and . Mitsuhashi, « Power and glory : concentrated power in top management teams, Organization Studies, vol.28, pp.1197-1221, 2008.

J. Guyot, F. Janssen, and O. Lohest, « Facteurs influençant la croissance de l'emploi des, 2006.

J. Guyot, O. Lohest, and O. Giacomin, « Le passage de l'auto-emploi, prise de risque : le cas des primo-créateurs en Wallonie, Données longitudinales dans l'analyse du marché du travail, 2006.

T. G. Habbershon and M. Williams, A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic ad-vantage of family firms, Journal of Business Venturing, 1999.

J. S. Hornsby, D. F. Kuratko, and S. A. Zahra, Middle managers' perception of the internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship : assessing a measurement scale, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.17, p.253, 2002.

K. Huang, C. Tseng, and M. , A study on entrepreneurial orientation and resource acquisition: the effects of social capital, Afr. J. Bus. Manage, vol.4, issue.15, pp.3226-3231, 2010.

M. Hughes and R. E. Morgan, Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth, Ind. Market. Manage, vol.36, issue.5, pp.651-661, 2007.

G. T. Hult, C. C. Snow, and D. Kandemir, The role of entrepreneurship in building cultural competitiveness in different organizational types, J. Manage, vol.29, issue.3, pp.401-426, 2003.

S. H. Hymer, The International Operations of National Firms : A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, 1960.

K. Ibeh and S. Young, Exporting as an entrepreneurial act : an empirical study of Nigerian firms, Europ. J. Market, vol.35, issue.5/6, pp.963-989, 2001.

, « La mesure de l'entrepreneuriat, 2010.

D. R. Ireland, M. A. Hitt, and D. G. Simon, « A model of strategic entrepreneurship : the construct and its dimensions, Journal of Management, vol.29, issue.6, p.963, 2003.

R. D. Ireland, J. G. Covin, and D. F. Kuratko, Conceptualizing Corporate Entrepreneurship Strategy, Entrepreneurship : Theory & Practice, vol.33, pp.19-46, 1973.

F. Janssen, Les déterminants de la croissance des P.M.E. : Analyse théorique et étude empirique auprès d'un échantillon d'entreprises belges, vol.3, 2002.

F. Janssen, « L'impact de l'environnement dans lequel évoluent les P.M.E. sur la croissance de l'emploi, AIREPME, L'entrepreneur en actions : contextes et pratiques, 2003.

F. Janssen, « La conceptualisation de la croissance : L'emploi et le chiffre d'affaires sont-ils des représentations interchangeables d'un même phénomène ?, vol.6, pp.267-291, 2000.

F. Janssen, « Do managers' characteristics influence the workforce growth of SMEs? An empirical study of Belgian firms », Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, pp.19-22, 2006.

J. Johanson and F. Wiedersheim-paul, The internationalisation of the firm : four Swedish case studies, J. Manage. Stud, pp.305-322, 1975.

J. Johanson and J. Vahlne, The internationalisation process of the firm : a model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.8, p.23, 1977.

J. Johanson and J. Vahlne, « The Mechanism of Internationalisation, International Marketing Review, vol.7, issue.4, pp.11-24, 1990.

, orientations and nternational entrepreneurial business venture performance in South African firms, Int. Market. Rev, vol.23, issue.5, pp.504-523

B. Kuhn, S. P. Sassmannshausen, and R. Zollin, Entrepreneurial management" as a strategic choice in firm behaviour: linking it with performance, 2010.

A. Lafuente and V. Salas, Types of Entrepreneurs and Firms : the case of new Spanish Firms, Strategic Management Journal, vol.10, 1989.

L. F. Lages and D. B. Montgomery, Export performance as an antecedent of export commitment and marketing strategy adaptation : evidence from small and medium-sized exporters, Eur. J. Market, vol.38, issue.9, pp.1186-1195, 2004.

L. F. Lages, C. Lages, and C. R. Lages, Main Consequences of Prior Export Performance Results: An Exploratory Study of European Exporters, Journal of Euromarketing, vol.15, issue.4, pp.57-75, 2006.

L. F. Lages and C. R. Lages, The STEP scale: a measure of short-term export performance improvement, Journal of International Marketing, vol.12, issue.1, pp.36-56, 2004.

S. Laghzaoui, Vers une approche intégrative des approches théoriques de l'internationalisation des PME, Congrès International Francophone des PME, 2006.

S. Laghzaoui, Internationalisation des PME : apports d'une analyse en termes de ressources et compétences », Management & Avenir (n° 22), pp.52-69, 2009.

K. C. Laudon and J. P. Laudon, Les systèmes d'information de gestion : Gérer l'entreprise numérique, 2006.

J. Laufer, Comment on devient entrepreneur, Revue Française de Gestion, 1975.

L. Boterf, Strategic human resource management : A review of the literature and a proposed typology, Academy of Management Review, vol.412, pp.31-454, 1988.

L. Boterf, « Performance Measurement and Performance Management », Repenser la compétence » Editions Eyrolles Lebas, vol.41, pp.23-35, 1995.

M. Lecerf, « Déterminants de l'internationalisation des PME françaises : les leviers du développement international des PME françaises : proposition et test d'une hiérarchisation, Revue Internationale de PME, vol.25, pp.117-149, 2012.

T. Lechler, « Social Interaction : A Determinant of Entrepreneurial Team Venture Success, Small Business Economics, vol.16, issue.4, pp.263-278, 2001.

C. Lechner and S. V. Gudmundsson, Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance, International Small Business Journal, vol.32, issue.1, pp.36-60, 2014.

S. M. Lee and S. Lim, Entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of service business, J. Serv. Bus, vol.3, pp.1-13, 2009.

T. Lee and W. Chu, Entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage : the mediation of resource value and rareness, Afr. J. Bus. Manage, vol.5, issue.33, pp.12797-12809, 2011.

L. A. Lefebvre, R. Mason, and E. Lefebvre, The Influence Prism in SMEs : The africaine : une illustration à travers le cas gabonais, Revue Gestion, Mai -Juin, 1997.

R. Mansfield, « Bureaucracy and centralization : An examination Of Organizational Structure », Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.18, 1973.

M. Marchesnay, « Pour un modèle de l'hypofirme, Entreprise et organisation, 1982.

M. Marchesnay and P. M. La, Une gestion spécifique, Economie Rurale, p.206, 1991.

M. Marchesnay, « La moyenne entreprise existe-t-elle ? », Revue Française de Gestion, pp.novembre -décembre, 1997.

M. Marchesnay, Confidence and types of Entrepreneurs, dans pleitner H.J. (éd.) Renaissance of SMEs in a Globalized Economy, 1998.

M. Marchesnay, Pour une approche entrepreneuriale de la dynamique ressources-compétences, 2002.

S. Marion, L'évaluation de projets de création d'entreprises dans le contexte d'une intervention financière, 1999.

A. C. Martinet, Épistémologie et Sciences de gestion, 1990.

B. Martory, Contrôle de gestion sociale, p.363, 1990.

F. Mathlouthi, « les déterminants de la survie des micro-entreprises : une application des méthodes statistiques de l'analyse des durées » 3e Conférence Euro-Africaine en Finance et Economie (CEAFE) MAISON, DES SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES, pp.3-4, 2009.

C. H. Matthews and S. G. Scott, « Uncertainty and Planning in Small and Entrepreneurial Firms : An Empirical Assessment, Journal of Small Business Management, 1995.

P. Matthews, ICT assimilation and SME expansion, J. Int. Dev, vol.19, issue.6, pp.817-827, 2007.

D. Mcclelland, The Achieving Society, 1961.

P. P. Mcdougall, Domestic entrepreneurship : new venture strategic behavior and industry structure, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.4, pp.387-400, 1989.

P. P. Mcdougall and B. M. Oviatt, Creating a firm-level dynamic capability through capitalizing on market orientation and Innovativeness, Acad. Manage. J, vol.43, issue.5, pp.902-906, 2000.

, J. Acad. Market. Sci, vol.24, pp.63-73

P. P. Mcdougall and B. M. Oviatt, International entrepreneurship : The intersection of two research paths, vol.43, pp.902-906, 2000.

I. Mejri and M. Ramadan, « Capital social, connaissances et identification d'opportunités entrepreneuriales dans un processus d'internationalisation : cas de la Tunisie, Marché et organisations /2 (n° 26), pp.189-218, 2016.

C. Mendoza, M. H. Delmond, F. Giraud, and H. Loning, , 2002.

P. Mercklé, Sociologie des réseaux sociaux, pp.46-47, 2011.

G. R. Merz and M. H. Sauber, « Profiles of Managerial Activities in Small Firms, Strategic Management Journal, vol.16, 1995.

K. Messeghem, « L'adoption d'un modèle d'assurance qualité en PME : entre logique managériale et logique entrepreneuriale, Actes du 5° CIFPME, 2000.

K. Messeghem, Peut-on concilier logiques managériale et entrepreneuriale en PME ? », La Revue des Sciences de Gestion : Direction et Gestion, 2002.

K. Messeghem, Strategic Entrepreneurship and Managerial Activities in SMEs, International Small Business Journal, vol.21, p.197, 2003.

M. P. Miles and D. R. Arnold, « The relationship between market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.15, issue.4, pp.49-65, 1991.

M. Miles, A. M. Huberman, D. Miller, and P. Friesen, Strategy making in context : Ten empirical archetypes, Journal of Management Studies, vol.14, pp.253-279, 1977.

D. Miller and P. Friesen, Archetypes of strategy formulation, Management Science, vol.24, pp.294-316, 1978.

D. Miller and P. Friesen, Strategy making and environment : The third link, Strategic Mana-gement Journal, vol.4, pp.221-235, 1983.

D. Miller, M. E. Kets-de-vries, and R. Toulouse, Top Executive, Locus of Control, and Its Rela-tionship to Strategy Making, Structure, and Environment, vol.25, pp.237-253, 1982.

D. Miller, The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms, vol.29, 1983.

D. Miller, Strategy making and structure : Analysis and implications for performance, Academy of Management Journal, vol.30, pp.7-32, 1987.

D. Miller and P. Friesen, Momentum and Revolution in Organizational Adaptation, The Academy of Management Journal, vol.23, pp.591-614, 1980.

D. Miller and P. Friesen, Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms : two models of strategic momentum, Strat. Manage. J, vol.3, pp.1-25, 1982.

D. Miller and P. Friesen, « A Longitudinal Study of the Corporate Life Cycle, Management Science, vol.30, p.10, 1984.

D. Miller and M. Le-breton, Priorities, practices and strategies in successful and failing family businesses : an elaboration and test of the configuration perspective, pp.379-407, 2006.

D. Miller and M. Le-breton, Managing for the Long Run, Lessons in Competitive Advantage from Great Family Businesses, 2008.

D. Miller and J. Toulouse, Chief executive personality and corporate strategy and structure in small firms, Manage. Sci, vol.32, issue.11, pp.1389-1409, 1986.

H. Mintzberg, Strategy making in three modes, California Management Review, vol.16, pp.44-58, 1973.

H. Mintzberg, The structuring of organizations, Structure et dyna-mique des organisations, Editions d'organisation, 1978.

H. Mintzberg, H. Mintzberg, and L. Management, Structure et dynamique des organisations, Les Editions d'Organisation, Structure in 5's: a synthesis of the research on organization design, 1980.

H. Mintzberg, « The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning, Harvard Business Review, vol.72, p.1, 1994.

H. Mintzberg, B. Ahlstrand, and J. Lampel, Researching configuration, pp.198-199, 2001.

F. M. Moghaddam, A. Hamid, and E. Aliakbar, Management influence on the export performance of firms : a review of the empirical literature 1989-2009, Afr. J. Bus. Manage, vol.6, issue.15, pp.5150-5158, 2012.

M. Montgomery, T. Johnson, and S. Faisal, What kind of capital do you need to start a business: financial or human?, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, vol.45, pp.103-122, 2005.

A. Morgan, Entrepreneurial V is io n : A C o and Entrepreneurship, 1996.

R. E. Morgan and C. S. Katsikeas, Theories of international trade, foreign direct investment, and firm internationalization : a critique, Manage. Decis, vol.35, issue.1, pp.48-78, 1997.

E. Morris, Vision and strategy : a focus for the future, Journal of Business Strategy, vol.2, pp.51-58, 1987.

M. H. Morris, D. L. Davis, and J. W. Allen, Fostering corporate entrepreneurship : Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.25, issue.1, pp.65-89, 1993.

M. H. Morris, D. L. Davis, and J. W. Allen, « Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Crosscultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism », Journal of International Business Studies, vol.25, issue.1, pp.65-89, 1993.

R. Morris, High-Impact Entrepreneurship Global Report, 2011.

R. H. Mostafa and M. V. Jones, Entrepreneurial orientation, commitment to the internet and export performance in small and medium sized exporting firms, J. Int. Entrep, vol.3, pp.291-302, 2005.

M. Movahedi and O. Gaussens, « The effects of export on innovation and productivity: the key role of learning-by-exporting. Empirical analysis on a sample of SMEs, Revue International PME, vol.29, issue.1, pp.101-141, 2016.

D. W. Naffziger, J. S. Hornsby, and D. F. Kuratko, « A Proposed Research Model of Entrepreneurial Motivation, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, vol.18, pp.29-42, 1994.

J. L. Naman and D. P. Slevin, Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit : a model and empirical tests, Strat. Manage. J, vol.15, issue.2, pp.137-153, 1993.

W. A. Naudé, Entrepreneurship in Economic Development, 2008.

W. A. Naudé, T. Gries, E. Wood, and A. Meintjes, «Regional Determinants of Entrepreneurial Start-Ups in a Developing Country, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, vol.20, issue.2, pp.111-124, 2008.

R. Ndjambou, TIC et Développement International des PME gabonaises, 2008.

R. L. Obenchain, Maximum-Likelihood Ridge Regression, Stata Technical Bulletin, vol.28, pp.22-36, 1995.

. Ocde, PME et mondialisation, 1997.

. Ocde, Promouvoir l'entreprenariat et les PME innovantes dans une économie mondiale, 2004.

J. O. Okpara, Entrepreneurial orientation and export performance : evidence from an emerging economy, Int. Rev. Bus. Res. Papers, vol.5, issue.6, pp.195-211, 2009.

B. J. Olson, S. Parayitam, and Y. Bao, « Strategic-decision-making : the effects of cognitive diversity, conflict and trust on decision outcomes, Journal of Management, vol.33, issue.2, pp.196-222, 2007.

O. Omar, International marketing, 2009.

B. M. Oviatt and P. P. Mcdougall, Toward a theory of international new ventures, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.36, issue.1, pp.29-41, 2005.

E. Papadaki and B. Chami, « Les facteurs déterminants de la croissance des microentreprises au Canada », Direction Générale de la politique de la petite entreprise, 2002.

A. Paradas, The cornerstones of competitive advantage : A resource based view, Typologies du dirigeant et style de gestion des ressources humaines dans la PME. 3 ème CIFEPME, vol.14, pp.179-191, 1992.

R. Paturel, « Pistes de réflexions en vue de l'élaboration d'une grille de positionnement des pratiques entrepreneuriales, pp.24-25, 2005.

M. J. Peel and J. Bridge, « How planning and capital budgeting improve SME performance, Long Range Planning, vol.31, issue.6, pp.848-856, 1998.

G. Pendéliau, Le profil du créateur d'entreprise, L'Harmatan, 1997.

E. T. Penrose, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, 1959.

R. S. Peterson, P. V. Martorana, D. B. Smith, and P. D. Owens, « The impact of chief executive officer personality on top management team dynamics : one mechanism by which leadership affects organizational performance », Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.88, issue.5, pp.795-819, 2003.

J. Pfeffer and G. R. Salancik, « The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, 1978.

P. Philippart and C. Schmitt, « L'entrepreneuriat à la recherche de l'Entrepreneur », Nouvelles perspectives en Entrepreneuriat, 2012.

J. Piaget, Logique et Connaissance scientifique, 1967.

M. Polge, « Les stratégies entrepreneuriales de développement », Competitive strategy, 1980.

M. E. Porter, L'avantage concurrentiel. Comment devancer ses concurrents et maintenir son avance, 1999.

M. E. Porter, L'avantage concurrentiel des nations, Interéditions, p.883, 2003.

M. Porter and V. E. Millar, How information gives you competitive advantage. Michael E. Porter on Competition and Strategy, Harvard Business Review Paperback, 1991.

C. Prahalad and G. Hamel, The core competence of the corporation, Harvard Business Review, vol.90, pp.79-91, 1990.

D. S. Pugh, D. J. Hickson, C. R. Hinings, and C. Turner, « Dimensions of Structure Organization, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.13, 1968.

D. S. Pugh, D. J. Hickson, C. R. Hinings, and C. Turner, « The Context of Organization Structures, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.14, 1969.

T. Quince and H. Whittaker, Entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurs' intentions and objectives. W orking Paper No. 271, 2003.

R. E. Quinn and K. Cameron, « Organizational Life Cycles and Shifting Criteria of Effectiveness : Some Preliminary Evidence, Management Science, vol.29, 1983.

M. Ramadan and N. Levratto, « L'internationalisation des PME méditerranéennes : éléments d'analyse à partir de la situation d'entreprises marocaines, Sylvie Daviet « Vers un entrepreneuriat transméditerranéen », éditions karthala-RMC, 2015.

C. F. Ramangalahy, Capacité d'absorption de l'information, compétitivité et performance des PME exportatrices : une étude empirique, 2001.

K. Randerson, A. Fayolle, K. Randerson, A. Fayolle, N. Cherchem et al., « Management entrepreneurial et orientation entrepreneuriale : deux concepts si différents, 2010.

M. Raposo and M. J. Silva, Initial Financing and the new firm performance, 44 th World Conference of the International Council for Small Business, pp.20-23, 1999.

H. S. Rasheed, Foreign entry mode and performance : the moderating effects of environments, J. Small Bus. Manage, vol.43, issue.1, pp.41-54, 2005.

A. Rauch, J. Wiklund, M. Frese, and G. T. Lumpkin, Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: cumulative empirical evidence. Paper presented at the 23rd Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, 2004.

A. Rauch, J. Wiklund, G. T. Lumpkin, and M. Frese, Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance : an assessment of past research and suggestions for the future, Entrep. Theory Pract, vol.33, pp.761-787, 2009.

L. Raymond and S. Blili, « Les systèmes d'information, Les PME : Bilan et perspectives, 1997.

L. Raymond and J. St-pierre, Antecedents and performance outcomes of advanced manufacturing systems sophistication in SMEs, International Journal of operation & Production Management, vol.25, pp.514-533, 2005.

M. Rees, Internationalisation and innovation -the case of Victorian first SME exporters, 2011.

S. D. Reid, Firm internationalisation, transaction costs and strategic choice, Int. Market. Rev, vol.1, issue.2, pp.44-56, 1981.

P. Reynolds, Who Start New Firm ? Small Business Economics, p.1, 1997.

P. Reynolds, W. D. Bygrave, and E. Autio, « Global entrepreneurship monitor, 2004.

A. Rialp, J. Rialp, and G. A. Knight, The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms : what do we know after a decade (1993-2003) of scientific inquiry ? Int, Bus. Rev, vol.14, issue.2, pp.147-166, 2005.

R. Robinson and J. Pearce, « Research Thrusts in Small Firm Strategic Planning, Academy ofManagement Review, vol.9, 1984.

A. Roger, Gestion des ressources humaines et management des compétences. Cahiers français, Juillet -Août, 2004.

D. Roy, Pour une évaluation renouvelée de la performance de l'entreprise. Gestion, (21)1, Mars, 1996.

R. Runyan, C. Drodge, and J. Swinney, Entrepreneurial orientation versus small business orientation : what are their relationships to firm performance ?, J. Small. Bus. Manage, vol.46, issue.4, pp.567-588, 2008.

T. Ruppenthal and A. Bausch, Research on export performance over the past 10 years: a narrative review, European Journal of International Management, vol.3, issue.3, pp.328-364, 2009.

R. Salomon,

S. Samiee, P. G. Walters, and F. L. Dubois, Exporting as an innovative behavior : an empirical investigation, Int. Market. Rev, vol.10, issue.3, pp.5-25, 1934.

S. Sammut, Contribution à la compréhension du processus de démarrage en petite entreprises, 1995.

H. Sapienza and S. Manigart, « Venture capitalist governance and value added in four countries, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.11, pp.439-469, 1996.

B. Saporta, Stratégies pour la PME, 1986.

S. Sarasvathy and S. Venkataraman, « Entrepreneurship as method : open questions for an entrepreneurial future, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, pp.113-135, 2011.

P. Scharma and J. J. Chrisman, « Toward a Reconciliation of the Definitional Issues in the Field of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.23, 1999.

S. R. Schillo, « Entrepreneurial Orientation and Company Performance: Can the Academic Literature Guide Managers ?, Technology Innovation Management Review, vol.1, issue.2, pp.20-25, 2011.

S. Schmid, L'internationalisation et les décisions des dirigeants, ESCP-EAP Working Paper Schumpeter, J.A, 1934.

R. Schweizer, J. E. Vahlne, and J. Johanson, Internationalization as an entrepreneurial process, Journal of International Entrepreneurship, vol.8, issue.4, pp.343-370, 2010.

V. Servantie, Les entreprises à internationalisation rapide et précoce : revue de littérature, vol.6, pp.1-28, 2007.

M. Séville and P. Wirtz, « Caractéristiques et dynamique de l'équipe dirigeante dans une jeune entreprise en hypercroissance, Revue internationale P.M.E. : économie et gestion de la petite et moyenne entreprise, vol.23, pp.43-70, 2010.

S. Shane and S. Venkataraman, « The promise of enterpreneruship as a field of research, Management Review, vol.25, issue.1, pp.217-226, 2000.

S. A. Shane, A General Theory of Entrepreneurship. The Individual-Opportunity Nexus, Nor-thampton, 2003.

S. A. Shane, The Illusions of Entrepreneurship : The Costly Myths that Entrepreneurs, Investors and Policy Makers Live By, 2008.

S. Shane, « Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy, Small Business Economics, vol.33, issue.2, pp.141-149, 2009.

A. Shoham, Marketing-Mix Standardization: Determinants of Export Performance, Journal of Global Marketing, vol.10, issue.2, pp.53-73, 1996.

R. Siegel, E. Siegel, and I. C. Macmillan, « Characteristics distinguishing high-growth ventures, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.8, pp.169-180, 1993.

A. Singh and G. Whittington, « The Size and Growth of Firms », Review of Economic Studies, pp.15-26, 1975.

D. P. Slevin, J. G. Covin, S. A. Zahra, and J. G. Covin, Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurshipperfor-mance relationship : A longitudinal analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.31, issue.2, pp.43-58, 1990.

D. P. Slevin and S. A. Terjesen, Entrepreneurial orientation : Reviewing three papers and implications for further theoretical and methodological development, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.35, pp.973-987, 2011.

R. W. Smilor and N. R. Smith, The Entrepreneur and His Firm : The Relationship between Type of Man and type of company, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.12, issue.5, 1967.

C. M. Sousa, F. J. Martínez-lópez, and F. Coelho, The determinants of export performance: a review of the research in the literature between 1998 and, Int. J. Manage. Rev, vol.10, issue.4, pp.343-374, 2005.

J. St-pierre and L. Cadieux, « La conception de la performance : quels liens avec le profil entrepre-neurial des propriétaires dirigeants de PME ?, Revue de l'Entrepreneuriat, vol.10, pp.33-52, 2011.

E. Stam, N. Bosma, A. Van-witteloostuijn, J. De-jong, S. Bogaert et al., Ambitious entrepreneurship : a review of the academic literature and new direc-tions for public policy, for the Advisory Council for Science and Technology Policy and the Flemish Council for Science and Innovation, 2012.

W. Stam and T. Elfring, «Entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance: the moderating role of intra-and extra-industry social capital, vol.51, pp.97-111, 2008.

P. Steffens, P. Davidsson, and J. Fitzsimmons, Performance Configurations Over Time : Implications for Growth-and Profit-Oriented Strategies, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, vol.33, pp.125-148, 2009.

P. Stenholm, « Innovative Behavior as a Moderator of Growth Intentions », Journal of Small Business Management, vol.49, issue.2, pp.233-251, 2011.

H. Stevenson, «A Perspective on Entrepreneurship, 1983.

H. H. Stevenson and J. C. Jarillo, Preserving entrepreneurship as companies grow, The Journal of Business Strategy, pp.10-24, 1986.

H. H. Stevenson and J. C. Jarillo, « A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship : Entrepreneurial Management, Strategic Management Journal, vol.11, 1990.

H. Stevenson and D. Gumpert, «The heart of entrepreneurship, Harvard Business Review, vol.63, pp.85-94, 1985.

M. Stoian, « Internationalisation and international marketing Export behavior, international marketing strategy and export performance in Spanish small and medium-sized enterprises, doctoral thesis, Faculty of Economic and Business Studies, 2010.

J. M. Stopford and C. W. Baden-fuller, Creating Corporate Entrepreneurship, vol.15, 1994.

D. Storey, R. Watson, and P. Wynarczyk, « Fast growth small businesses: case studies of 40 small firms in northern England », Department of Employment, 1989.

F. W. Swierczek and T. H. Thai, The impact of international entrepreneurial orientation on strategic adaptation, Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci, vol.11, issue.1, pp.571-578, 2003.

D. A. Tookey, Factors associated with success in exporting, Journal of Management Studies, vol.1, pp.48-66, 1964.

O. Torrès, Les PME, Flammarion, 1999.

R. S. Tsonga, Profil du dirigeant et performance des PME gabonaises : une relecture en termes de compétences et de vision, 2008.

E. Vasilchenko and S. Morrish, « The Role of Entrepreneurial Networks in the Exploration and Exploitation of Internationalization Opportunities by Information and Communication Technology Firms, Journal of International Marketing, vol.19, issue.4, pp.88-105, 2011.

F. J. Verhees and M. T. Meulenberg, Market orientation, innovativeness, product innovation, and performance in small firms, J. Small Bus. Manage, vol.42, issue.2, pp.134-154, 2004.

T. Verstraete, Modélisation de l'organisation initiée par un créateur s'inscrivant dans une logique d'entrepreneuriat persistant. Les dimensions cognitive, praxéologique et structurale de l'organisation entrepreneuriale, Thèse pour le Doctorat en Sciences de Gestion, 1997.

T. Verstraete, Entrepreneuriat et stratégie entrepreneuriale : Quels modèles pour la recherche et l'action, CLAREE, 2001.

K. H. Vesper, New Venture Strategies (revised Ed, 1990.

F. Wacheux, Méthodes qualitatives et recherche en gestion, Préface de Jacques Rojot, éditions Economica, vol.295, 1996.

W. Wales, V. Gupta, and F. Mousa, Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation : An assessment and suggestions for future research, International Small Business Journal, vol.31, issue.4, pp.357-383, 2011.

C. Wang, « Entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, and firm performance, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.32, pp.635-657, 2008.

J. Weerawardena, G. S. Mort, P. W. Liesch, and G. Knight, Conceptualizing accelerated internationalization in the born global firm : a dynamic capabilities perspective, J. W orld Bus, vol.42, pp.294-306, 2007.

L. G. Weinzimmer, « Top management team correlates of organizational growth in a small business context : a comparative study, Journal of Small Business Management, vol.35, pp.1-10, 1997.

L. S. Welch and R. Luostarinen, Internationalization : evolution of a concept, J. of Gen. Manage, vol.14, issue.2, pp.34-55, 1988.

F. Welter, Contextualizing Entrepreneurship. Conceptual Challenges and Ways Forward, vol.35, pp.165-184, 2011.

P. Westhead, « Exporting and non-exporting small firms in Great Britain: A matched pairs comparison, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol.1, issue.2, pp.6-36, 1995.

R. Wickramasekera and E. Oczkowski, Stage models revisited : a measure of the stage of internationalisation of a firm. Manage, Int. Rev, vol.46, issue.1, pp.39-55, 2006.

J. Wiklund, « The sustainability of the Entrepreneurial Orientation performance relationship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.24, issue.1, pp.37-48, 1999.

J. Wiklund and D. Shepherd, Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium sized businesses, Strat. Manage. J, vol.24, issue.13, pp.1307-1314, 2003.

J. Wiklund and D. Shepherd, Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance : A configurational approach, Journal of Business Venturing, vol.20, pp.71-91, 2005.

D. A. Williams, Export stimulation of micro and small locally owned firms from emerging environments : new evidence, J. Int. Entrep, vol.6, pp.101-122, 2008.

D. A. Williams, Determinants of export market destination for outputs from small locally-owned firms, Small Bus. Inst. J, vol.4, pp.15-47, 2009.

O. E. Williamson, Strategy Research : Governance and Competence Perspectives, Strategic Management Journal, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1087-1108, 1999.

P. Wirtz, « Do high-growth entrepreneurial firms have a specific system of governance ? », FARGO working paper series, vol.41, 2009.

R. Wood and A. Bandura, « Social cognitive theory of organizational management, Academy of Management Review, vol.14, pp.361-384, 1989.

Y. Yan, Z. Sophie, and Z. Fue, «The Exploitation of an International Firm's Relational Capabilities: an Empirical Study, Journal of Strategic Marketing, vol.18, pp.485-499, 2010.

C. W. Yang, The relationships among leadership styles, entrepreneurial orientation and business performance, Manag. Glob. Trans, vol.6, issue.3, pp.257-275, 2008.

P. Yeoh, International learning : antecedents and performance implications among newly internationalizing companies in an exporting context, Int. Market. Rev, vol.21, issue.4/5, pp.511-535, 2004.

P. Yeoh and I. Jeong, Contingency relationships between entrepreneurship, export channel structure and environment : a proposed conceptual model of export performance, 1995.

, Eur. J. Market, vol.29, issue.8, pp.95-115

A. Yusuf, Environmental uncertainty, the entrepreneurial orientation of business ventures and performance, Int. J. Commun. Manage, vol.12, issue.3-4, pp.83-103, 2002.

S. A. Zahra, A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior : A critique and extension, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, vol.17, pp.5-22, 1993.

S. A. Zahra, « Governance Ownership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship : The Moderating Impact of Industry Technological Opportunities, Academy of Management Journal, vol.39, issue.6, 1996.

S. A. Zahra, A theory of international new ventures : a decade of research, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.36, issue.1, pp.20-28, 2005.

S. A. Zahra, W. C. Bogner, J. G. Covin, G. George, M. A. Hitt et al., Technology strategy and software new venture's performance : exploring the moderating effect of the competitive environment, Strategic entrepreneurship : creating a new mindset, pp.255-288, 1995.

S. A. Zahra, D. F. Jennings, and D. F. Kuratko, The Antecedents and Consequences of Firm-Level Entrepreneurship : The State of the Field », vol.24, pp.45-66, 1999.

S. A. Zahra, J. C. Hayton, and C. Salvato, Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non-Family Firms : A Resource-Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, pp.363-381, 2004.

S. A. Zahra, D. O. Neubaum, and M. Huse, Entrepreneurship in medium-size companies : Exploring the effects of ownership and governance systems, Journal of Management, vol.26, issue.5, pp.947-976, 2000.

C. Zehir, E. Can, and T. Karaboga, « Linking entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: the role of differentiation strategy and innovation performance, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol.210, pp.358-367, 2015.

K. Z. Zhou, J. R. Brown, C. S. Dev, and S. Agarwal, The effects of customer and competitor orientations on performance in global markets : a contingency analysis, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.38, issue.2, pp.303-319, 2007.

L. Zhou, W. Wu, and X. Luo, Internationalization and the performance of bornglobal SMEs : the mediating role of social networks, J. Int. Bus. Stud, vol.38, pp.673-690, 2007.

S. Zou and S. Stan, The determinants of export performance: A review of the empirical literature between 1987 and 1997, International Marketing Review, vol.5, pp.333-356, 1998.

S. Zou, C. R. Taylor, and G. E. Osland, The EXPERF-Scale: a cross-national generalized export performance measure, Journal of International Marketing, vol.6, issue.3, pp.37-58, 1998.

. .. Introduction-generale,

J. De-l'objet and . .. De-la-these,

. Questions-de-recherche and . .. Methodologiques, , p.17

Q. De-recherche and . .. Hypotheses,

. .. Hypotheses-generales,

. .. Hypotheses-secondaires,

. .. Presentation-du-contexte-d'etude,

. .. Cadre-macroeconomique,

. Reformes-en-faveur, . Secteur, . Et, and . .. Pme,

. .. Cartographie-des-entreprises,

. .. Structure-de-la-these,

. Premiere-partie-:-etat and . .. De-l'art,

C. De,

. .. Pme and . .. De-l'entrepreneuriat,

, Entrepreneuriat lié à la mise en oeuvre d'une activité économique

.. .. Entrepreneuriat,

U. Entrepreneuriat and .. .. Processus-de-création-d'entreprise,

.. .. Entrepreneuriat,

?. Dichotomie, mondialiste : internet, réseaux sociaux mondiaux, ?) gérer les opérations

, Compétences en gestion ? Connaissances des spécialités commerciales, réglementaires, culturelles des pays visés Compétences techniques ? Compétences en ingénierie (conception, prototypage