, année de référence des politiques internationales en matière d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre, les territoires d'outre-mer ont émis 12 millions de tonnes d'équivalent dioxyde de carbone (EDC), soit seulement 2,4% des émissions françaises totales, 1990.
, En 2014, alors que les émissions globales de gaz à effet de serre de la France ont diminué (de 521 à 415 millions de tonnes), les émissions de l'Outre-mer sont passées à 23 millions de tonnes
Outre-mer a émis plus de gaz à effet de serre par habitant (8,5 tonnes d'EDC) que la France métropolitaine (6,1 tonnes d'EDC). Néanmoins, il est important de noter que les émissions de gaz à effet de serre résultent non seulement des modes de consommation et des modes de vie -qui varient considérablement au sein de l'Outre-mermais aussi des types d'utilisation des sols et des modes de production énergétique. En effet, les émissions élevées de gaz à effet de serre par habitant dans les DOM résultent d'une grande dépendance vis-à-vis des combustibles fossiles tels que le charbon et le pétrole, 2014. ,
Malgré de bonnes conditions pour développer l'énergie hydroélectrique, solaire, géothermique et éolienne, l'EnR n'est considérée que comme un complément aux sources d'énergie fossiles, à l'exception de la Guyane et de la Réunion qui utilisent l'hydroélectricité, 99% à Mayotte (2011) et 93% en Martinique et Guadeloupe en 2012 (Bareigt et Fasquelle, 2012. ,
nous constatons l'existence d'une causalité unidirectionnelle allant de la densité de la population à la part des EnR dans la consommation finale d'énergie en Aquitaine ,
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