, Voices of the Industrial Revolution, pp.49-81, 1968.
, Conceptions of manufacturing advance in British politics c. 1800-1847, with Special Reference to Parliament, Government and their Advisors, Ph, pp.247-248, 1994.
, Riches and Poverty: an Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain 1750-1834, pp.372-381, 1996.
, Theorists of economic growth from David Hume to the Present, pp.13-149, 1990.
, Origins of the Factory Acts: the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act, pp.1660-1830, 2002.
, Origins of the Eighteenth-Century Evangelical Revival: England and New England Compared », vol.26, pp.361-397, 1987.
, Letter to the Clergy of the Diocese of Chester in Relation to Sunday Schools, 1786.
, Enquiry into the Duties of Men in the Higher and Middle Classes of Society, 2 vols., Londres, 1795. Parmi les traités médicaux de l'époque, voir Revd. Sir W. Clerke, Thoughts upon the means of preserving the health of the poor, p.245, 1790.
, Society and Pauperism: English Ideas on Poor Relief, pp.91-99, 1969.
, Laboratoire du Nouveau siècle: la nébuleuse réformatrice et ses réseaux en France, Les réformateurs et leurs réseaux: enjeux d'un objet de recherche, pp.1-2, 1999.
, Des fouilles réalisées dans les principales cités industrielles britanniques sur le
, , p.20
, Regulations and Rules for the Inhabitants of New Lanark, op.cit
, The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750-1950, Scotland 1750-1850 », dans F.M.L. Thompson, (dir.), vol.1, pp.155-208, 1829.
, Crossing Paths or Sharing Tracks? Future Directions in the Archaeological Study of Post-1550 Britain and Ireland, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, pp.323-350, 2009.
, Une synthèse de ces résultats a été réalisée dans l'article de Michael Nevell, « Living in the Industrial City: Housing Quality, Land Ownership and the Grip: the Roles of Friendly Societies in Australia and Britain Reappraised », Labour History, n°88, pp.87-103, 2005.
, A Report of the Royal Infirmary of Glasgow, from its first establishment 8th, vol.1, p.9, 1794.
, habitante du village de New Lanark, à sa soeur Betty Kay Auldcarn, 8 novembre 1823
,
, New Lanark Senior Funeral Society, vol.1818
, , pp.70-71
, Edinburgh Christian Monitor, vol.23, p.861, 1823.
,
, New Lanark Senior Funeral Society, op.cit.; Old and New Lanark Funeral Society, FS1/16/184
, mais un examen biographique des trois signataires permet d'estimer la création de la charte entre 1846 et 1851. Daniel Liddell, ouvrier cardeur natif de Lanark, est donné présent au sein du village lors du recensement de 1851. John Williamson et Richard Young, respectivement président et trésorier-secrétaire de l'organisation, sont traduits en justice par l'une de leurs adhérentes en 1846, Cath. Stevenson, worker at New Lanark, as pursuer
, Dictionnaire du Moyen-Âge, pp.919-920, 2002.
, Early Trade Unionism, Fraternity Skill and the Politics of Labour, pp.2-3, 2000.
, , p.920
, New Lanark Senior Funeral Society
, , p.4
, , p.299
, Minutes of Evidence taken before the Lords Committees appointed to Enquire into the State and Condition of the Children Employed in the Cotton Manufactories of the United Kingdom, PP, vol.1816, issue.397, p.365
,
, From Fever to Digestive Disease: Approaches to the Probem of Factory Ill-Health in Britain, p.217, 1995.
, Religion and Society in Scotland since 1707, p.1105, 1997.
, Clandestine Marriage in the Scottish Cities 1660-1780 », vol.26, pp.845-861, 1993.
, Éducation nationale, p.1105
, Le recoupement des archives de l'entreprise a confirmé la présence à New Lanark de George Miller et William McBeath (ou McBeth). Natifs du Lanarkshire et issus de familles employées dans les filatures, les deux hommes semblent avoir quitté New Lanark après leurs mariages respectifs
, Seul Peter Gull a pu clairement être identifié comme contremaître, quoique sous le patronyme de P. Gold. Le journal de bord d'Owen porte la mention suivante: « 15th Feb 1815 Peter Gold or David Bow's people mixed a small quantity of 2nd amongst 1st », indiquant un amalgame entre des bobines de fil de calibre différent, Tous ces noms figurent dans les archives d'entreprise de New Lanark, mais les cas d'homonymie sont nombreux
, who was always beaten to his work by his father with his hands and feet; the boy was then beaten with a strap by the overseers for being too late, and not being willing to come. », Factories Inquiry Commission, who was very unfond of working in the mill, vol.450, p.69, 1833.
, 1028 PP 1833 XX, op.cit, p.9
, , p.89
, « The contrast was surely too strong to be fortuitous, p.264
, «Corporal Punishment and Children's Wages in Nineteenth Century Britain», Explorations in Economic History, vol.19, pp.283-295, 1982.
, ) fining does not answer. It does not keep the boys at their work », PP 1833, XX, op.cit, vol.133, pp.173-177
, Les efforts fournis par l'entreprise pour discréditer ce témoignage (allant jusqu'à envoyer à Londres un autre de ses employés chargé de donner un témoignage en tout point contradictoire -il attaque également la moralité de son collègue, l'accusant de harcèlement sur les employées adolescentes, « the children were all newcomers, and were very much beat at first before they could be taught their business », Ibid., Appendice I, 1833, p.186
, Threading My Way, op.cit, p.35
, , p.205
, Standards and Differences: Languages in Scotland 1707-1918, vol.2, pp.21-33, 2007.
, The Geographical History of a Language, Édimbourg, p.155, 1984.
, Ce jour de l'an, 307 des enfants employés par David Dale, Esq., dans ses filatures de coton, que l'on distingue des autres travailleurs par le nom de pensionnaires
, Old Statistical Accounts, Lanark, p.40
, Gaelic culture in the Seventeenth Century: Polarization and Assimilation, pp.162-194, 1995.
,
, , p.229
, at his Cotton Mills, New Lanark, distinguished from the rest of the hands by the name of boarders, that is, provided by him with meat, clothes, schooling, etc. walked in procession, preceded by music, from thence to the town of Lanark, where they drew up at the cross, amidst a vast number of spectators, and were saluted by the ringing of the bell: a bowl of punch being provided, was drunk in health to the Magistrates and Burgh of Lanark, and prosperity to the works at New Lanark [?]» , « A pleasing instance of health, «Upon New Year's Day, pp.14-1795
, , pp.19-20
, Le journal de Robert Owen note qu'à cette occasion, certains habitants du village s'adonnent à la boisson, mais avec une relative modération
,
, , p.24
, Lanark: the Burgh and its Councils, pp.47-49
, , p.41
, , p.229
,
, Une facture de 1824 montre que les instituteurs utilisaient plusieurs manuels de grammaire anglaise ainsi qu'un ouvrage d'élocution, The Speaker, publié en 1774 par William Enfield, pp.1741-1797
, Cependant, il s'agit d'une paternité subvertie, par déplacement et
, Enjeux de construction des rôles communautaires dans l'espace urbain, vol.10, pp.1-17, 1997.
,
, , p.231, 1957.
, « I now ask [?] have any of you discovered even one of my measures that was not clearly and decisively intended to benefit the whole population? But I am satisfied that you are all now convinced of this truth, p.108
, Owen's time at first, but it got better », « [?] there was certainly a great improvement in many respects under his management, particularly in cleanliness, in shorter hours, and the establishment of schools. We had an illumination » (nous soulignons), PP 1833 XX, op.cit., témoignages de William Dyer et William McBeath, « It was very near as bad in Mr, vol.160, p.163
, , p.13
,
, , vol.10
, Sun Fire Insurance Policy 713909, 14 janvier 1801, Guildhall Library MS 11937/37, cité dans Butt, p.171
, Copy contract of Co-partnership of the New Lanark Company, 5 octobre 1810
, , p.187
, En admettant que cette pétition ait été le fruit d'une initiative spontanée de la main-d'oeuvre, sans pressions ou encouragements de la part de la direction
, Edinburgh Christian Monitor, vol.23, p.861, 1823.
, , vol.22
, ROC/1/30/2; Jacques Gans, « L'origine du mot "socialiste" et ses emplois les plus anciens, pp.79-83, 1957.
, , vol.10
, The First British Owenite Community 1825-1828, Spaces of Utopia: An Electronic Journal, n°2, 2006.
, The Morning Chronicle, pp.26-1819
, Avenir de la linguistique », préface à Henri Gobard, L'Aliénation linguistique, pp.9-14, 1972.
, « Ball and concert at New Lanark », The Economist, 21 avril 1821, n°13, pp.197-198
, 1198 James Smith, Notes taken during an Excursion in Scotland in the year 1820, p.221, 1821.
, Six Lectures Delivered at the Lanark Institution, 1816.
, , pp.14-16
, , p.222
, « likewise to bring us all into one house prepared for that purpose to mix together like so many swine we will get our meat and clothing
, , pp.136-144
, chief object which I had in view in leaving the flourishing and valuable [?] establishment at New Lanark was that I might be at full liberty to advocate the new system [?] where it could be the most promoted, Public Meeting at the London Labour Exchange, p.227, 1835.
, Rapp et ses fidèles émigrent en Pennsylvanie. En 1814, il s'établit dans l'Indiana, où il fonde la communauté de Harmonie, qu'il vend à Owen dix ans plus tard. Alice T. Ott, « "Community in « Companies": The Conventicles of George Rapp's Harmony Society compared to those in Württemberg Pietism and the Brüderunität, Illinois: Founded in 1817 and 1818, vol.4, pp.249-278, 1882.
, Visitor's Book titled « Cotton Mills, pp.1795-1799
, The Search for the Picturesque, Landscape Aesthetics and Tourism in Britain, p.3, 1989.
, The Tourist Gaze, p.123, 2002.
, sic] country? Where I must lead you over their hills all brown with heath, or their valleys scarce able to feed a rabbet? [sic] Man alone seems to be the only creature who has arrived to the natural size in this poor soil; every part of the country presents the same dismall [sic] landscape, no grove nor brook lend their musick [sic] to cheer the stranger, or make the inhabitants forget their poverty, Collected Letters of Oliver Golsmith, vol.26, pp.9-10
, Journal to the Western Islands of Scotland, 1775; William Gibson, « Sketch of a Two Months Tour in Scotland performed on Horseback in the Summer of 1773 », Gentleman's Magazine, LXII-LXIV, 1792-1794; sources citées dans Andrews, p.264
, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, collection « Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, vol.1757, pp.58-70, 1993.
, Le pittoresque a également été traité plus tardivement par Uvedale Price (1747-1829) dans une perspective plus utilitariste que Gilpin, dans une perspective associant les enseignements de la contemplation esthétique aux exigences pragmatiques de l'improvement. Voir Uvedale Price, Essays on the Picturesque as compared with the Sublime and the Beautiful, and, on the Use of Studying Pictures, for the Purpose of Improving Real Landscape, 1796. Une étude comparative des trois auteurs est contenue dans Francis D. Klingender, Art and the Industrial Revolution, on several Parts of England, particularly the Mountains, and Lakes of Cumberland and Westmorland, vol.75, pp.2-13, 1772.
, Monthly Review, vol.XV, p.108, 1794.
, «Ossianic Geographies: Fingalian Figures on the Scottish Tour, 1760-1830 », Scotlands, vol.4, pp.44-61, 1997.
, The Search for the Picturesque, op.cit., ch. VIII, « The Highlands tour and the Ossianic Sublime
, Historic Tourism, p.145
, Publiés entre 1760 et 1765, les quatre recueils attribués à Ossian (Fragments of Ancient Poetry?
, Ancient Epic Poem; Temora et The Works of Ossian, the Son of Fingal) sont présentés au public sous la forme du manuscrit trouvé. Ces ballades auraient été rédigées au IIIe siècle par le barde
, Assez rapidement sujette à débat, l'authenticité de l'oeuvre est aujourd'hui déboutée. Il s'agit bien d'une forgerie de la main de Macpherson, qui s'est néanmoins appuyé sur une matière celtique ancestrale. Pour une histoire de la controverse, Ossian Revisited, 1991.
, Tourism and Identity in Scotland 1770-1914: Creating Caledonia, p.35, 2005.
, Pour d'autres récits de voyage de l'époque consacrés à l'Écosse et aux Highlands en particulier, Observations on the Highlands of Scotland, p.1789, 1903.
, The Beaten Track: European Tourism, Literature and the Ways to, Culture, pp.37-38, 1993.
, Scotland for the Holidays. Tourism in Scotland c 1780-1939, pp.21-43, 2003.
,
, View of Boniton Lin
, The Discovery of Scotland. The Appreciation of Scottish Scenery through Two Centuries of Painting, Édimbourg, pp.47-48, 1978.
, More's "Falls of Clyde" Paintings, The Burlington Magazine, vol.129, pp.84-88, 1007.
, Parmi les récits de voyage décrivant les chutes de la Clyde, voir notamment James Denholm, History of the City of Glasgow, to which is added, a Sketch of a Tour to Loch Lomond and the Falls of Clyde, Glasgow, 1798, p.148, 1810.
, Two Upper Cotton Works, New Lanark Textile Mills, 1796, gravure, collection privée
, Owen's Institution, New Lanark, 1825, gravure, Special Collections Department
, New Lanark Trust
, Report of the Proceedings in Dublin, op.cit. Voir infra, fig, vol.20, p.529
, The Scotch Itinerary, Containing the Roads through Scotland, on a New Plan. With Copious Observations for the Entertainment of Travellers, p.1821
, , p.420
, , p.24
, Business and Society in Scotland since 1700: Essays Presented to Professor John Butt, pp.43-57, 1994.
, 1244 Anon., Travellers' Guide, 1798, pp.155-156
, « What ground for exultation this must afford to the worthy owner! What a number of people are here made happy and comfortable, who would, many of them, have been cut off by disease, or wallowing in dirt, p.25
, An Excursion to the Highlands of Scotland and the English Lakes, p.92
, Historic Tourism, p.150
, The London Chronicle, 22 octobre 1791; The Morning Chronicle, 26 octobre 1791; The Courier and Evening Gazette, 10 novembre 1794, The Bee, or Literary Weekly Intelligencer, vol.6, 1791.
, Tricks upon Travellers, p.90
, Owen's Institution, New Lanark (Quadrille Dancing), aquatinte, 1825, Special Collections Department, vol.19, p.528
, Living Machines": Performance and Pedagogy at Robert Owen's Institute for the Formation of Character, Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth, vol.4, p.420, 1981.
, , p.41
, , p.6
, Living Machines
, L'auteur de donne pas plus de précisions quant au nombre de visiteurs après 1825, en dépit de l'existence d'un livre d'or pour la période 1825-1889, New Lanark Visitors' Book, pp.1825-1889
,
, Institution pour améliorer le caractère moral du peuple, ou Adresse aux habitants de New Lanark, trad. M. de Lasteyrie, 1818.
, Esquisse du système d'éducation suivi dans les écoles de New Lanark, trad. M. Desfontaines, p.1825
, Historic Tourism, p.152
, lorsque Dempster voit Cromford pour la première description; I mean the moral and infinitely superior beauties of the village of New Lanark, which I visited on my return from the Falls»
, Extract of a Journal of a Second Tour from London through the Highlands of Scotland, p.32, 1800.
, , vol.10
, En 1824, un autre journal de voyage parle également de « paysage romantique » (romantic scenery), p.220, 1824.
, Anthroplanomenos; or, A Pedestrian Tour through Part of the Highlands of Scotland, John Bristed, vol.1801, p.669, 1803.
, Le même site est décrit en 1784 par le Français Marc de Bombelles: « Un nuage épais d'une fumée noire nous a averti que nous approchions de Coalbrook-Dale [sic], au fond d'un vallon et près d'un petit lac que sans être poète on peu comparer pour la couleur de ses eaux à l'Achéron [?] les montagnes qui resserrent ce triste mais gracieux vallon, ont été soignées par les maîtres de forges et leur forment deux jolies promenades; une [?] aura deux points de vue dont le contraste ne laissera pas d'être agréable parce que si d'un côté l'on considère avec une sorte d'effroi le vallon dont je viens de parler, l'oeil se repose avec plus d'agrément sur celui qui est arrosé par la Severn. K. Morgan (dir.), An American Quaker in the British Isles, nous sommes en face de toutes les horreurs que le Pandémonium pourrait montrer, p.421, 1989.
, In the course of a forenoon's ride, I discovered in a romantic valley a palace of a most enormous size [?] This was Sir Richard Arkwright's [?] cotton-mills, pp.51-52
,
, Manchester Archives and Local Studies, cité et traduit dans Ibid, vol.1790, p.37
, A Tour to the North, 27 mai-17 juillet 1792, pp.156-157
, Voyage en Angleterre pendant les années 1810 et 1811, p.384
, Leeds Mercury, ibid., Morning Post, p.671, 1819.
, Morning Post, 2 décembre 1818; Leeds Mercury, 6 septembre 1819; Bury and Norwich Post, 21 juillet 1819; The Times, 3 novembre 1821. En 1819, Macnab parle d'une «heureuse petite colonie, p.208
, , p.10
, , p.3
, 20: « so obvious were the beneficial results even to passing strangers, that the establishment and its appendages became familiarly known as « The Happy Valley » ». La première occurrence semble venir du Bury and Norwich Post du 21 juillet 1819, op.cit.: « I shall ever after this recollect New Lanark as the « happy valley », and think it deserves the title far better than the idle and inactive place beautifully described in Rasselas, The Revolution in the Mind and Practice of the Human Race, p.208
, Edinburgh Review, octobre 1819, p.454
, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, avril 1821, pp.88-92
, «Owen's Reputation as an Educationist», dans Pollard et Salt (dirs.), op.cit, p.67
, Le détail de cette motion sera discuté en infra, vol.4, pp.382-385, 1819.
, The Fundamental Principles of Mr. Owen, of New Lanark, Exposed, Glasgow, 1824, p.427
, Sans renier l'apport de l'industrialisation -ce qui le différencie de la plupart des conservateurs -Owen s'oppose aux libéraux qui, postulant l'autorégulation de la société sur le mode de la «main invisible» de Smith, ne proposent 1326 « an interesting establishment
, The Times, 3 novembre 1821, op
, the evening instead of being in the alehouse », ibid
, Fondateur du Sunday Times en 1822, il prend part au mouvement chartiste en 1839, vol.41, pp.1189-1217, 1819.
, Également orthographié « Dalzell » selon les sources
, , p.20
, En décembre 1819, de Crespigny déclare au sujet de son soutien à Owen: « The question was rather one of humanity than of political reasoning, vol.41, pp.1189-1217, 1819.
, Libéralisme et socialisme: le cas anglais, p.57
, Morning Chronicle, 4 juin 1822
, 7 juin 1822; The Times, 3 novembre 1821
, , p.325
, Proceedings at a general meeting of the county of Lanark, held at Hamilton on the 16th instant, relative to Mr Owen's plan for the amelioration of the poor and working classes. (?) being a General Meeting of the Noblemen, Freeholders, Justices of the Peace, and Commissioners of Supply for the Shire of Lanark», 1820.
, , vol.1824
, New Harmony Gazette, pp.1825-1828
, , pp.13-14
, , pp.140-159
,
, Forestville, idem, pp.1826-1853, 1825.
, Hormis New Harmony, ces communautés owénistes américaines ont été peu étudiées, par manque de sources primaires
, le propriétaire terrien irlandais William Thompson, vol.324, pp.1775-1833
, Originaire d'Écosse, il s'établit à Londres vers 1821, où il fonde le premier journal owéniste, The Economist 1356, pp.1799-1883
, La conversion à l'owénisme intervient en 1820, après une visite de New Lanark où il se rend en compagnie de George 1357
, Visions of Harmony: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Millenarianism, p.15, 1987.
, , p.72
, Journalist and Utopian, vol.202, pp.214-216, 1957.
, Lors de sa visite de New Lanark, il examine le crâne d'Owen pour conclure que celui-ci présente à part égale les signes de la générosité et de l'amour-propre, analyse que Robert Dale Owen reprend à son compte dans son autobiographie, Sans jamais adhérer à l'owénisme, pp.235-237
, Threading My Way, p.66
, , p.7
, Metaphorical Sketches of the Old and New Systems, 1823; The Religious Creed of the New System, 1824.
, , vol.19, pp.65-71
, , p.88
,
, , p.21
, The Economist, vol.27, issue.1821
, combining Agriculture, Manufactures and Trade, upon the Plan projected by Mr. Owen of New Lanark »The Economist, p.205, 1821.
, The Economist, « A periodical paper explanatory of the New System of Society projected by Robert Owen and of a Plan of Association for improving the condition of the Working Classes during their continuance at their present employment », cité dans Garnett, p.61
, Proposals for Commencing the Experiment of Mr. Owen's System, non publié, 1824, Combe Papers, p.88
, C'est également le sentiment de Mudie, pour qui cette absence de soutien explique en partie la débâcle de la LSC: «In my Economist I had endeavoured to retrieve both you and the co-operative cause from the consequences of some of your errors. Even if I had not differed from some of your tenets as to religion and morals [?] I was, and am, too much of a politician not to be aware, that the utmost result of your 'Views and objects' would only be the institution of a sect [?] while the cause of co-operation, if it has not been entirely ruined, has been retarded by you mischievous efforts. Now Sire, and believe me that it gives me real and heartfelt pain to speak thus plainly to one whom I once fervently admired, esteemed and loved -I well knew [?] that you will act only with blind worshippers», Claeys, Citizens and Saints, vol.29, pp.44-49
, Par exemple, une lettre signée «Journeyman Smith» rapporte l'existence de pratiques coopératives au sein de l'arsenal de Woolwich en 1816. Charrons et forgerons s'y étaient associés afin d'acheter leurs matières premières en commun. The Economist, n°11, 7 avril 1821, p.167
, On compte tout d'abord des owénistes orthodoxes, tels que William Pare (1805-1873) et John Finch, pp.1784-1857
, Pare se destine d'abord à prendre la suite du commerce familial, avant de s'orienter vers le journalisme 1384 . Il embrasse vers la cause coopératiste et milite pour
, cité dans Claeys, Citizens and Saints, vol.1, p.169
, Co-operative Culture and the Politics of Consumption in England, p.14, 1996.
, Formation et aspects du vocabulaire politique français, XVII-XXe siècles, vol.I, pp.45-58, 1969.
, Further Notes on a Process of Conceptual Formation, vol.47, pp.81-93, 1986.
, Jacques Gans ont montré que le français avait connu une évolution inverse, de « socialisme » à « socialiste, p.49
, New Moral World, vol.8, 1840.
, Citizens and Saints, p.223
, , vol.38, pp.145-154, 1964.
, , pp.1805-1873, 2004.
, International Review of Social History, vol.3, pp.398-432, 1956.
, Life and Struggles, op.cit, vol.1, pp.469-70, 2002.
, Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life, Londres, T. Fisher Unwin, 1892; Edward Royle, The Infidel Tradition: from Paine to Bradlaugh, p.42, 1976.
, Proceedings at the Several Public Meetings, p.87
, The Social System », New Harmony Gazette, n°8, 22 novembre 1826, pp.37-39
, 1395 Ses partisans s'adressent à lui de la sorte, comme en témoigne sa correspondance, vol.27, 1838.
, Né en 1802, James Rigby est employé très jeune dans une filature de coton avant d'être placé en apprentissage auprès du vitrier James Smith, qui lui fait connaître et adopter la doctrine owéniste. Gouverneur adjoint de Queenwood au début des années 1840, 2785.
, , p.109
, , p.88
, the social system, so called, as opposed to individual competition and opposition of interests», n°36, 13 juin 1827, vol.2, p.87
, Buonafede l'emploie encore sur un mode critique, mais Giuliani y voit, selon F. Venturi, «un conservatisme bienveillant et éclairé». Le parallèle avec la doctrine d'Owen est frappant. La biographie d'Applegarth étant mal connue, nous ignorons cependant s'il avait connaissance de ces termes italiens, ou s'il a fait oeuvre de néologisme, en dérivant son «socialiste» du «système social» élaboré par le dirigeant de New Lanark. Fernando Facchinei, Note ed osservazioni sul libro intitolato «Dei delitti e delle penne», Venise, 1765; Appiano Buonafede, Della Restaurazione di ogni filosofia, Venise, 1789; Giacomo Giuliani, L'antisocialismo confutato, Venise, 1803; Franco Venturi, Appiano Buonafede (1716-1793), puis en 1803 chez le franciscain Giacomo Giuliani, vol.LXXV, p.48, 1963.
, «De «société» à «socialisme»: l'invention néologique et son contexte discursif, Langage et société, vol.83, pp.39-77, 1998.
, , p.82
, , p.81
, «The chief question between the modern (or Mill and Malthus) political economists and the communionists or socialists, is whether capital should be owned individually or commonly», vol.509, p.1827
, , p.46
, The Crisis, 6 juillet 1833, cité et traduit par Gans, « Socialiste, socialisme, p.45
, , pp.4-5
, The Co-operative Movement and Communities in Britain, Minding Their Own Business, p.8, 1914.
, Owen inclut les industriels, dont il fait partie, dans la classe des producteurs
, Libéralisme et socialisme: le cas anglais, p.51
, , p.74
, , p.61
, n°36, 13 juin 1827, vol.2, p.87
, Libéralisme et socialisme: le cas anglais, pp.48-49
, love of accumulation, of distinction, of rank, of privilege, of domination will be absent from the future state of community », The Pioneer, n°26, 1 er mars 1834, « motives of antipathy and individualism, vol.4, p.226, 1834.
, Libéralisme et socialisme: le cas anglais, p.50
, , p.171
, A New View of Society, op.cit., xix. 1415 «Socialism as a science includes others which are usually considered separate and distinct sciences. It embraces those which now bear the titles of political economy, domestic and architectural economy, education, and the science of morals», The Working Bee, vol.2, p.113
, , p.87
, , vol.1832
,
, William King ne doit pas être confondu avec « Dr. » William King (1786-1856), médecin et philanthrope actif dans la région de Brighton. Il y fonde la première coopérative locale ainsi que le journal The Cooperator, 20 mars et 7 août 1830. Les vies de King et Tucker nous sont mal connues, pp.1786-1865
, The Crisis, vol.30, p.238
, The Crisis, octobre 1833, p. 62; « Memoranda Relative to Robert Owen, New Moral World, 1835.
, , p.142
, À l'instar des Labour Exchanges, le GNCTU ne survit pas à l'année 1834, confronté à un contexte d'exaspération sociale que les lacunes du Great Reform Act viennent attiser. Des mouvements de grève éclatent à Derby, Leeds et Oldham contre les 1431 Combinations of Workmen Act 1825 (6 Geo IV, c 129). La loi est abrogée en 1871 avec le vote des Trade Union Act (34 & 35 Vict c 31), qui légalise plus encore les activités syndicales, p.172
, The Pioneer, 28 décembre 1833, p.140
, possible prevent that collision between the very rich and the very poor, which the gross errors of the present system have rendered next to being unavoidable, p.198, 14065.
, Crisis, vol.III, pp.62-63
, , vol.2, p.446
, Class and Class Conflict in the Early Nineteenth Century: Northampton Shoemakers and the Grand National Consolidated Trades' Union », Labour History, vol.5, p.198, 1973.
, , p.55
, , p.75
, La loi est votée en 1797 au lendemain d'une vague de mutineries dans la Royal Navy, The Duty of Loyalty, p.125, 1999.
, Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol.2, pp.1797-1874, 1967.
, The New Cambridge Modern History: The Zenith of European Power, p.346, 1960.
, , vol.2, p.447
, Une tribune d'Owen publiée dans le Poor Man's Guardian du 14 mars 1835 fait l'objet d'une réponse virulente de la part de Bronterre O'Brien, où celui-ci défend les aspirations démocratiques du peuple. Poor Man's Guardian, n° 198, 21 mars 1835, p.170
, , p.38
, The Consolidated Trades' Union of 1834, vol.17, pp.77-95, 1964.
, New Moral World, 1840.
, A Visit to Harmony Hall, p.55
, Journey to Harmony Hall in Hampshire, with some Particulars of the Socialist Community, to which the Attention of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy is Earnestly Requested », Notes from the Farming Districts, n° XVII, p.7
, «The Hall itself more resembles Drayton Manor, the residence of Sir Robert Peel, than the home of pioneers. Everything has been provided in the most expensive way. Economy appears to have been laughed at in its erection
, Mudie qualifie Combe de « Dictateur absolu » (« absolute Dictator ») d'Orbiston. Mudie à Owen, 25 août 1848, Notes on Labour Biography: George Mudie, Fragments of an Owenite Autobiography, vol.1848, pp.15-17, 1982.
, On y distribue également le
, , vol.21, p.317
, , p.126
, Poor Man's Guardian, vol.2, p.319, 1827.
, The Economist, n°28, 4 août 1821, courrier des lecteurs, vol.47, p.3
, n°14, 23 juin 1832, vol.1, pp.55-58, 1839.
, , p.147
, , p.97
, 1474 Friends to the Rational System of Society founded by Robert Owen, 15 octobre 1837, cité dans Garnett, p.147
, Claeys, introduction à New View, op.cit., xx, p.12, 1841.
, n°25, 29 juin 1833, vol.1, p.194, 1832.
, A Monument of Union": Social Change and Personal Experience at the Manea Fen Community, Utopian Studies, vol.23, pp.504-531, 2012.
, , p.325
, , p.205
, , p.221
, Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland, pp.153-444, 2009.
, New Lanark est donc mentionné 53 fois par an en moyenne, The New Moral World, vol.1, issue.12, pp.1834-1849
, New Moral World, vol.1, pp.70-77, 1835.
, One Formerly a Teacher at New Lanark, op.cit, New Moral World, vol.2, pp.67-72, 1836.
, « Some Account of the Extraordinary Experiment Mr. Owen made at New Lanark, in Scotland, New Moral World, vol.1, pp.277-279
, Parmi plusieurs centaines d'exemples, on citera: The Crisis, vol.1, p.290
, Owen's Evening Lecture on the Origin of Infant Schools », New Moral World, n°66, janvier 1836, pp.105-106
, Crisis, vol.III, pp.42-43
, , vol.2, p.446
, , p.75
, Un aspect du mouvement owéniste qu'Eileen Yeo a particulièrement mis en valeur, p.85
, Voir supra, p. 409, n. 1434. op.cit., ibid. Voir également le Birmingham Journal, 1831.
, New Moral World, pp.20-1839
, , pp.85-92
, Du même auteur, voir « From "Polite Manners" to "Rational Character": the Critique of Culture in Owenite Socialism, dans Frits van Holthoon et Lex Heerma van Voss (dirs.), Working Class and Popular Culture in Britain and Holland, pp.19-32, 1988.
, Sans rejeter pleinement cette analyse, compte tenu de l'existence d'un courant socialiste chrétien, Yeo fait remarquer à juste titre que cette organisation pseudo-religieuse -qui peut surprendre compte tenu du scepticisme d'Owen -possède une fonction polémique certaine. En organisant leurs réunions le dimanche et leurs bals lors des fêtes liturgiques chrétiennes, les socialistes se posent consciemment en adversaires du cléricalisme, qu'ils entendent affronter sur son propre terrain et à armes égales. Cependant, l'imitation inversée de la secte protestante est également imposée de l'extérieur. Au lendemain du massacre de Peterloo (16 août 1819), qui voit la cavalerie charger sur une foule de 70 000 personnes réunies à Manchester afin d'exiger l'extension de la franchise parlementaire, le gouvernement fait voter une série de lois visant à contrôler les activités jugées séditieuses, Les parallèles organisationnels entre le mouvement owéniste et les congrégations protestantes dissidentes ont été abondamment commentés
, Dans ce contexte, de nombreux Halls of Science se font enregistrer comme chapelles dissidentes afin d'exercer en toute sécurité leur droit de réunion. Northern Star, 6 mars 1841, frappe d'interdiction les réunions politiques de plus de 50 personnes, pp.26-1843
, , p.105
, , pp.2-3, 1972.
, New Moral World, vol.23, issue.1833, pp.27-1839
, 31 mars-29 septembre 1838; William Pare, Co-operative Agriculture: A Solution of the Land Question as Exemplified in the History of Ralahine, Manchester, Co-operative Association, Voir également Vince Geoghegan, « Ralahine: an Irish Owenite Community, pp.377-411, 1870.
, New Moral World, 1843.
, , p.265
, , p.139
, , p.103
, the New Lanark schools were inevitably regarded as prototypes for the New Moral World», Harrison, Owen and the Owenites, p.134
, s Rational Quarterly Review, I, 1853, p. 123, 125; Owen, New Existence of Man upon the Earth, pp.1854-55
, Logie Barrow, Spiritualism and English Plebeians 1850-1910, p.92, 1986.
, , p.92
, Crafting a Victorian Reputation, c. 1865-1900 », dans C. Tsuzuki, N. Hijikata et A. Kurimoto (dirs.), op.cit, pp.13-28
, the high permanent importance in principle and practice of the long-continued experiment which I made at New Lanark to form a new and superior character, p.243
, , p.263
, , p.235
, une partie du mouvement, les «chartistes moraux» (« moral Chartists »), refusent l'usage de la force physique comme moyen de réforme
, ce qui lui vaut l'ire de l'aile dure de l'organisation, emmenée par Feargus O'Connor (1794-1855). La Charte du peuple, que Lovett co-écrit avec Henry Hetherington, ancien de la London Co-operative Society
, , vol.38, pp.145-154, 1964.
, , pp.1805-1873, 2004.
,
, Apprenti cordonnier, il devient instituteur à l'âge de 23 ans, tout en s'adonnant à la poésie. Il rejoint l'équipe du Leicester Mercury en 1840, à l'époque où la ville s'impose comme un bastion chartiste, mouvement que Cooper rejoint la même année. En 1842, il est emprisonné à la maison d'arrêt de Stafford, expérience qui lui fait renoncer une partie de ses opinions radicales, 1845.
, il ne cesse pour autant de se considérer comme un chartiste. Il décède à Lincoln en 1892, où il est inhumé, The Chartist Prisoners: The Radical Lives of Thomas Cooper (1805-1892) and, pp.1819-1896, 2008.
, Claeys, Citizens and Saints, p.212
, Claeys, Citizens and Saints, op.cit., ch. 6, « Owenism and Chartism
, chef du Spiritualist Magazine. Philip N. Backstrom, Christian Socialism and Co-operation in Victorian England: Edward Vansittart Neale and the Co-operative Movement, p.146, 1974.
, , p.214
, Voir également Harold Silver, English Education and the Radicals, Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life, vol.1, p.250, 1975.
, , pp.216-218
, are nullified by incessant toil and physical deprivations; by which indeed, all men are trained to be either slaves, hypocrites, or criminals. Hence my ardent attachment to the principles of that great and good man -Robert Owen. I quit this world with a firm conviction that his system is the only true road to human emancipation, quitting an existence that has been chequered with the plagues and pleasures of a competitive, scrambling, selfish system by which the moral and social aspirations of the noblest human beings, vol.15, p.75
, Toujours en activité, la CWS, rebaptisée Co-operative Union au début du XXe siècle puis Cooperatives UK en 2001, fédère aujourd'hui encore le mouvement coopératif britannique. Depuis sa fusion avec l'Industrial Common Ownership Movement, en 2001 également, elle réunit coopératives de consommation et de travail associé, The Middle-Class Embrace: Language, Representation and the Contest over Cooperative Forms, vol.37, pp.4-5, 1994.
, Essays and Lectures on Political and Social Subjects, pp.11-12, 1872.
, Labor's Great Arch: Cooperation and Cultural Revolution in Britain, The Meaning of Rochdale: The Rochdale Pioneers and the Co-operative Principles, pp.3-4, 1994.
, spite of all their fantastic notions and Utopianism, have their places among the most eminent thinkers of all times, and whose genius anticipated innumerable ideas the correctness of which we are now scientifically proving, Social Scientist, vol.27, pp.78-79, 1999.
, The Political Ideas of the Young Engels, vol.6, pp.455-478, 1985.
, , pp.8-9
,
, Condition of the Working Class in England, 1843.
, Progress of Social Reform on the Continent, pp.23-1843
, « The Times on German Communism. To the Editor of the New Moral World, pp.13-1844
, To the Editor of the New Moral World », New Moral World, 28 janvier 1844; « Continental Movements », 30 janvier 1844, pp.20-1844
, « Rapid Progress of Communism in Germany, pp.9-1844
,
, donne la mesure de ce rapprochement, et du rejet d'un socialisme middle class modéré tel que le défend Owen: « I have been sent by the Brussels Democrats to speak with the Democrats of London to call on them to cause to be holden a Congress of Nations -a Congress of Working Men, to establish liberty all over the world. The middle classes [?] held a congress in Brussels, but their fraternity is one-sided, and the moment that such congresses are likely to benefit the working man, that moment their fraternity will cease and their congress dissolve. The Democrats of Belgium and the Chartists of England are the real democrats, and the moment they carry the six points of their Charter, the road to liberty will be opened to the world, p.303
, , pp.60-61
, , p.303
,
, , pp.190-193
, , p.51
, Utopian Thought, p.8
, Sceptiques et détracteurs face à la cité idéale (XVIIIe-XXe siècles), pp.147-160, 2009.
, Réceptions de l'oeuvre de Charles Fourier au XIXe siècle », Archives européennes de sociologie, XLV, I, pp.1-26, 2004.
,
, Utopie ou science sociale?, p.5
, Dictionnaire de la langue française, Paris, Hachette, t. 4, 1874, cité par Gérard Brey, « Introduction, dans Brey et Gilli (dirs.), op.cit, p.7
, Éditions rationalistes, n°121, 1 er trimestre 1997, réédité dans Michèle Riot-Sarcey (dir.), L'Utopie en questions, pp.65-78, 2001.
, Utopie ou science sociale? », op.cit, pp.10-11
, The First Fabians, Histoire générale du socialisme, pp.362-368, 1884.
, Emmanuel Jousse, « Les présupposés du réformisme », Mil neuf cent, revue d'histoire intellectuelle, n°30, pp.89-114, 2008.
, Rent, Interest and Wages, being a Criticism of Karl Marx and a Statement of Economic Theory, 1886, London School of Economics (LSE), Passfield Papers, pp.11-12
, C/52/1, f.1, cités dans Jousse, « Présupposés, pp.91-96, 1916.
,
, Fabian Essay in Socialism, Londres, 1889, p. IV; Jon Lawrence, « Popular Radicalism and the Socialist Revival in Britain, The Journal of British Studies, pp.163-186, 1992.
, , p.99
, , p.241
, , pp.106-113, 1948.
, , p.199
, Robert Owen and the World of Co-operation, pp.131-144, 1992.
, The True Radical Programme, Fabian Tract n°6, pp.7-8, 1887.
, , p.98
, Voir George Bernard Shaw, Fabianism and the Empire, The Rise of Collectivism, vol.1, pp.5-6, 1900.
, Du côté des revendications politiques, les radicaux, héritiers de la tradition républicaine et chartiste, demandent une ultime révision du système parlementaire après la déception qu'engendre le Second Reform Act de 1867. Côté économique, le mouvement en faveur de la réforme agraire menée par Henry George trouve un large écho. Henry George, Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth, pp.326-331, 1879.
, Mark Bevir, «Republicanism, Socialism and Democracy in Britain: The Origins of the Radical Left», The Land, the People and the Coming Struggle », dans Political Essays, vol.2, pp.351-368, 1887.
, , p.92
, , p.14
, Socialism which discovers itself in works and not in words, pp.15-16, 1899.
,
, Mrs Townsend, « Case for School Nurseries, Social Reformer, p.76, 1908.
, , p.23
, Holyoake lègue cette correspondance au directoire du mouvement coopératif. Elle forme l'essentiel de la Robert Collection
, Co-operation versus Communism; A Play in Four Acts, 1924.
, John Booth est le premier de ces biographes à
, , p.263
, The Middle-Class Embrace, p.266
, never have boasted that they were going to renovate English society, and the consequences are undoubtedly, that by their aid English society has been spared a good deal of the friction which we see on the Continent », Lord Reay, « Inaugural Address, Proceedings of the Cooperative Congress, vol.1882, p.266
, , vol.2, pp.1-2
, Review of Reviews, septembre 1901, p. 261; Holyoake, History of Co-operation, Co-operation is Reasonable Socialism, vol.2, p.256, 1894.
, Life and Last Days of Robert Owen, op.cit.; William Sargant, Robert Owen and his Social Philosophy, op.cit.; Booth, op.cit., Lloyd Jones, The Life
, , pp.1-2
, , p.15
, History of the Thirty Years Peace, 4 vols., 1877, vol.1, pp.258-60
, Martineau ne mentionne Owen qu'en relation avec sa présence au congrès d'Aix-la-Chapelle en 1818. L'ouvrage de McCarthy contient cette unique référence: « if he taught men to think wrongly on many subjects, he taught them at least to think », A History of Our Own Times, 7 vols, vol.4, p.20
, Pour preuve, le
, Hobhouse and Political Arguments in England 1880-1914, Hobsbawm, « Libéralisme et socialisme: le cas anglais, pp.48-49, 1979.
, , p.102
, , p.214
, A contrario, la coopérative est perçue comme la seule véritable forme d'association populaire, alliant idéal de conciliation, garant d'une résolution pacifique de la question sociale, et succès financier. Les chiffres viennent légitimer cet argument
, 1847-1933), un temps membre de la Société fabienne
, aux yeux des héritiers d'Owen, comme l'expression d'un millénarisme qu'il s'agit de gommer. Dans la lignée de l'autobiographie qu'ils avaient fait publier, Pare et Travis estimaient que l'humanité n'était pas encore disposée à recevoir favorablement la doctrine, qui demeurait valide malgré l'échec des « villages de la coopération ». Le second mouvement coopératif
, 1820-1895), décidés à purger la théorie de ses excentricités pour n'en
, That as soon as practicable, this Society shall proceed to arrange the powers of production, distribution, education, government, or in other words to establish a self-supporting home-colony of united interests, or assist other societies, in establishing such colonies, Rochdale Principles, p.70
, Labour Copartnership, septembre 1907, « a practically self-supporting and self-employed community, co-extensive with the limits of the civilised world, p.272, 1988.
, A Century of Co-operation, p.254, 1945.
, « crude attempts at Communism, and were foredoomed to failure, economic evolution not having reached the point at which a scientific Communism will become possible. », Annie Besant, p.5, 1893.
, En raison de ses propres inclinations spirites, la conversion des dernières années n'est plus soumise à raillerie comme auparavant. Cependant, au sein de cette réception globalement positive
, , p.200
, Social Reform in Victorian Leeds: the Work of James Hole, p.20, 1851.
, , p.214, 1857.
, , p.133
, On peut adresser le même reproche à la dernière biographie d'Owen en date, Claeys, « Revival, vol.1, pp.1771-1830
, Les trente dernières années de sa vie font l'objet d'un bref résumé au sein du dernier chapitre. Ian Donnachie
, « no language can do justice to the excellence of the arrangements in that establishment, p.69
, , p.153
, Five Dead Men whom I Knew when Living, pp.4-5, 1877.
, Voir également « Memoir of Robert Owen », National Instructor, 22 juin 1850, p.76
, , p.209, 1872.
, « beneficent legislation forcing the individual into the service, and under the protection of the State, p.16
, À diverses reprises, des disciples font le déplacement
, On the Post-Apocalyptic Reformulation of Marx and Engels, vol.39, pp.247-269, 2011.
, « The self-managing scheme, under which working people create profits and retain them among themselves, Mr. Owen had not foreseen, Claeys, « Revival, vol.2, p.17
, Le Capital reconnaît également l'apport d'Owen dans la création des « boutiques coopératives », pour mieux dénoncer la posture réactionnaire car anti-insurrectionniste de ces dernières. Marx, Capital, op.cit., section III
, , p.316
, , p.444
, Les travaux récents sur l'histoire de l'entreprise confirment l'existence d'un certain rapport de continuité. Tout d'abord, Owen conserve un intéressement financier dans la Lanark Spinning Co. jusqu'à sa mort 1607 . De plus, il entretient des rapports très cordiaux avec John Walker, qui lui succède à la tête de New Lanark. Faisant partie du groupe de nouveaux particulier de 1813-1814, aux côtés de William Allen et de Jeremy Bentham, jusqu'au village pour constater les permanences 1606
, abolis par Allen en 1824, sont par la suite rétablis, ce dont témoignent les inspections engagées dans les filatures du royaume au lendemain de l'adoption des Factory Acts. Les écoles maternelles sont reconduites, et l'IFC emploie deux instituteurs natifs du village, qu'Owen avait formés en son temps: David Dunn, professeur de géographie, et Susan Sheddon, responsable de la petite école 1609 . Vers 1900, Frank Podmore se rend sur place dans le cadre de la rédaction de sa biographie d'Owen. Un ancien élève, John Melrose
, Day at New Lanark and a Sketch of its Present Condition », New Moral World, 13 avril 1839. Holyoake et Podmore se rendent également à New Lanark lors de la préparation de leurs ouvrages respectifs, History, op.cit, vol.2, p.77
, Plus généralement, le village demeure une destination touristique: « Strangers would deprive themselves of much gratification if they left this part of the country without paying the instructive establishment a visit », Slater's Commercial Directory of Scotland, p.151, 1860.
, Branigin-Owen Collection, New Harmony Working Men's Institute, source citée dans Donnachie et Hewitt, op.cit, p.141
, , vol.94, p.141
, La réforme intervient probablement vers 1828, date à laquelle Allen se défait de ses parts dans la New Lanark Co, vol.10, p.181
, Le rattachement intervient dans le cadre du Scotland Education Act 1872 (33 & 34 Vict c 75), premier effort pour créer un système scolaire national. Les écoles existantes sont rattachées à un organe local, les school boards, p.112, 1998.
, Cette interprétation orthodoxe nous semble exagérée, en raison d'implications téléologiques qu'une analyse empirique ne manque pas de débouter. Concernant le rôle 1611 PP 1843 XXVIII, Report of Inspectors of Factories for 1842, p.151
, Un programme de rénovation des logements est probablement engagé à cette époque, hypothèse qui ne peut être pleinement confirmée faute de sources, p.175
, History of the Carluke Co-operative Society, Ltd., Carluke, 1972. À l'exception de cet opuscule, nous ne possédons aucune source sur la coopérative de New Lanark
, 57: « The one great error Owen committed was giving up the New Lanark property and management, and spending his large fortune in the endeavour to found communities in various countries of chance assemblages of adults, The importance of Owen's life and teaching does not lie in his social philosophy, p.21, 1908.
, Concept of Modern Education, et Whitbread, op.cit, pp.12-14
, , pp.139-141
, , vol.339, pp.276-277
, McCann et Young relaient cette information erronée, parlant dans le cas des institutions scolaires de Dale, d'écoles « rudimentaires à destination des apprentis qui formaient l'essentiel de la main-d'oeuvre » (« rudimentary schools for the pauper children on whose labour the mills depended, n°3, novembre 1834, vol.1, p.32
, Cressett Pelham was satisfied, that the continuance of such a system would go far to demoralize all those subjected to it. He, therefore, thought the House was bound to interfere even on the ground of humanity alone. In the excellent establishment at New Lanark, great care was taken to prevent the children from being over-worked, and, at the same time, great attention was paid to their proper instruction. He thought much might be done in other places by the same measures being pursued. He, . D'une part, les groupuscules se réclamant du marxisme sont parcourus de divisions internes
, Promoteur des idées communistes en son pays, Hyndman en défend une version therefore, trusted the hon. Member would persist in bringing forward his Bill, and he should have his cordial support, HC Deb 09 February 1832, vol.10, pp.104-111
, The Evolution of Modern Capitalism, p.354, 1907.
, Autobiography, p.231, 1874.
, Mill, seconde et troisième édition des Principles of Political Economy, 1849 et 1851, cité dans Claeys, « Revival, p.19
, dans Mill, Principles of Political Economy, édité par Jonathan Riley, pp.369-436, 1998.
, Autobiography, 1874, vol.231, p.19
, « Why was there no Marxism in Great Britain?, English Historical Review, pp.297-331, 1984.
, Cahiers d'histoire. Revue d'histoire critique, vol.114, pp.73-97, 2011.
, Jon Lawrence, « Popular Radicalism and the Socialist Revival in Britain, The Journal of British Studies, pp.163-186, 1881.
, The Manifesto of the Socialist League, p.6
, « For the ideas and much of the matter contained in chapters II and III, I am indebted to the work of a great thinker and original writer, which will, I trust, shortly be made accessible to the majority of my countrymen, 1961.
, Londres, 1886; The Communist Manifesto [1848], trad. de l'allemand par Samuel Moore, p.2, 1910.
, op.cit, p.23
, , pp.88-89
, , p.175, 1962.
, , pp.100-101
, Les premiers défendent un principe
, , pp.1851-1825
, The Workers' Political Programme, Tract n°11, pp.91-95, 1891.
, The Fabian Election Manifesto, Tract n°40, Londres, Fabian Society, 1892; A Plan of Campaign for Labour, Tract n°49, p.102, 1894.
, Executive Committee Election, s.d., LSE Archives, Fabian Society papers, B5/4 f. 14, cité dans ibid, p.102
, , p.254
, Co-partnership, an Address Spoken to the Woolwich Chamber of Commerce, p.263, 1909.
, Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, pp.296-297, 1863.
, , p.767, 1914.
, Middle-Class Embrace, p.264
, The Wheatsheaf, septembre 1900, p.263
, , p.23, 1907.
, , p.270
, Consumers in Politics, a History and General Review of the Co-operative Party, pp.4-5, 1968.
, Nous sommes ici en présence du neutralité hors-temps
, , p.91
, « The wonderful, almost quixotic romance of the New Lanark mills, raised wages, reduced hours, free education and amusements, [?] and habitable dwellings -all this is well known
, , p.231
, Regarded as a verification of a new doctrine, it appears to me as simply valueless, p.91
, On remarquera qu'en langue anglaise, l'adjectif « quixotic » (chimérique) est rattaché de manière plus évidente encore au registre de la fiction
, Apologie pour l'histoire, ou le métier d'historien, Armand Colin, pp.26-27, 1949.
, Owen y est représenté en protecteur de l'enfance pauvre
, , p.88
, Capitalism: A Return to "Moral Economy, 2012.
, The Past in New Labour's Future, 2002.
, From Owenite Socialism to Blairite Social-ism: Utopia and Dystopia in Robert Owen and New Labour », vol.35, pp.275-291, 2007.
, Socialists like Robert Owen understood very clearly that a society which did not encourage people voluntarily to carry out their responsibilities to others would always be in danger of slipping either into the anarchy of mutual indifference [?] or the tyranny of collective coercion, where the freedom of all is denied in the name of the good of all, p.282, 1996.
, Gorge d'Ironbridge
, UNESCO sont claires à ce sujet: le critère (vi) s'applique à des sites « directement ou matériellement associés à des événements ou des traditions vivantes
, Les lieux de mémoire, une poétique de la mémoire? », Espaces Temps, vol.74, pp.122-134, 2000.
, Paysages et territoires du patrimoine industriel au RoyaumeUni, vol.48, 2008.
, , p.201
, L'information nous a été fournie par Jim Arnold lui-même à l'occasion du 14 ème congrès international de la Utopian Studies Society, 2013.
, Tricks upon Travellers, op.cit., ix-x
, Le fonds abrite en particulier une série d'entretiens oraux avec la population du village réalisés peu de temps avant la fermeture. Cette source encore inexploitée permettrait d'interroger un champ aveugle de l'historiographie des villages ouvriers: la confrontation d'un type d'entreprise qualifié de « modèle
, MS, vol.3147
, Collections privées « Order from Robert Owen, New Lanark, for tartan to clothe the children in the school », 9 avril 1818. Collection privée. William Wilson & Son, tartan manufacturers, Bannockburn. « Undated copy offer by David Dale to employ Charity Children in his works, Correspondence with the 2nd Earl of Liverpool, vol.40350, pp.1823-1818
, Edinburgh City Archives
, , pp.1766-1845
, Édimbourg « Cash Book for the Institute for the Formation of Character 1816-1825, Special Collections, pp.1-803
, Glasgow City Archives « Contract between David Dale, merchant in Glasgow and the partners of the Lanark Twist Company, whereby said David Dale disposes to the company his mills, machinery, houses and buildings at New Lanark, 29, 1799.
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, , vol.21, p.455
, , vol.64, p.218
, , p.382
, , p.309
, , p.73
, , vol.68, p.236
, , vol.308, p.429
, , p.456
, , vol.40, p.149
, , vol.94, p.455
, , p.192
, , p.360
, , vol.21, p.452
, , vol.440, p.447
, , vol.386, p.418
, , vol.389, p.407
, , p.65
, , vol.372, p.107
, 459 discipline Books of Character, 296 moralisation de la population, vol.323, p.342
, 312 silent monitors, 295, 308 divisions de voisinage, Produce Books, 297 règlement intérieur, vol.50, p.463
, New Lanark Trust, vol.16, p.464
, New Moral World, vol.406, p.446
, , p.142
, , p.130
, , vol.437, p.450
, , vol.354, p.417
, théorie de la valeur-travail, vol.173, p.455
, Robert pensée science de la société, vol.17, p.454
, , vol.51, p.446
, , vol.208, p.459
, , p.363
, Pant Glas, vol.407, p.409
, , vol.394, p.443
, , vol.17, p.459
, , p.433
, , vol.66, p.410
, , vol.109, p.224
, , vol.255, p.395
, , vol.255, p.395
, , vol.20, p.455
, 168 pittoresque (esthétique), vol.30, p.457
, , vol.124, p.217
, , vol.432, p.443
, , p.43
, , vol.38, p.284
, , vol.23, p.430
, , vol.170, p.370
, , vol.425, p.454
, , vol.250, p.251
, , vol.407, p.417
, , p.377
, , vol.229, p.455
, , vol.133, p.135
, , p.87
, , p.139
, Révolution française, vol.19, p.164
, , vol.106, p.451
, , p.269
, , p.74
, , vol.67, p.235
, , vol.155, p.255
, , p.82
, , p.377
, , p.161
, , vol.21, p.431
, , p.68
, , vol.360, p.309
, self-made man, vol.71, p.152
, , vol.432, p.449
, , p.394
, , p.425
, , p.432
, , vol.369, p.373
, , p.87
, , p.429
, , p.64
, , vol.106, p.414
, socialisme, vol.46, p.437
, , vol.169, p.384
, , vol.88, p.311
, , vol.63, p.143
, , p.226
, , p.427
, , p.105
, , vol.142, p.208
, , vol.124, p.142
, , vol.119, p.371
, , vol.369, p.403
, 84 Test and Corporation Acts, p.137
, The Crisis, vol.398, p.414
, The Economist, vol.389, p.413
, , vol.459, p.465
, , vol.37, p.460
, , vol.408, p.426
, , p.360
, , vol.136, p.395
, , vol.107, p.433
, , vol.22, p.465
, , p.417
, , vol.368, p.384
, Village ouvrier, vol.15, p.465
, Villages de la coopération, p.18
, , vol.16, p.278
, , vol.71, p.149
, , p.265
, , vol.25, p.449
, , vol.106, p.449
, , vol.132, p.329
, , vol.288, p.361
, , p.369
, , vol.266, p.443
, , vol.332, p.419
, , vol.40, p.378
, , vol.445, p.446
, , p.269
, , vol.269, p.361
, , p.269
, , vol.69, p.218
, , p.369
, , vol.124, p.384
, , p.326
, , p.64
, , vol.263, p.264
, , vol.255, p.395
, Villages ouvriers textiles britanniques, pp.1771-1825, 1999.