O. Refrences-abdelhady and D. , Beyond home/host networks: Forms of solidarity among Lebanese immigrants in a global era, Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, vol.13, issue.3, pp.427-453, 2006.

D. -abdelhady, Representing the Homeland, Cultural Dynamics, vol.9, issue.2, pp.53-72, 2008.
DOI : 10.1353/dsp.2000.0003

H. Naml, Gaza Strip 1948-1967: Economic, political, social and military developments. Beirut: Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center, Arabic], 1979.

-. Jaber and S. Raouf, Christian existence in Jerusalem in the two centuries nineteen and twenty, Arabic], 2004.

-. Lughod and I. , The last day before the fall of Jaffa, Arabic], pp.117-129, 1998.

-. Nada and A. Saqer, The imagined Palestinian identity between development and crisis Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi (The Arab Future Magazine, Arabic], pp.81-97, 2014.

J. -adawi, Palestinian migration to America from the end of nineteenth century until 1945, Arabic], 1994.

-. Qais and J. , Ottoman state: new reading for decline factors, Arab House for Sciences Arabic], 2003.

. -alloush, . Moussa, and . Expatriates, Birzeit Library, Arabic], 1991.

N. -alloush, Arab resistance in Palestine: From end of Ottoman rule till end of British mandate 1918-1948, Arabic], 1986.

-. Abdul-fattah and A. Ghoush, The Palestinian national identity: The specificity of formation and regulatory framework, the Resource Center for Palestinian Residency & Refugee Rights Badeel Arabic], 2012.

M. -amara, A. Mar-'i, and . Al-rahman, Language education policy: The Arab minority in Israel, Language Policy, vol.1, 2002.

A. -amawi, State and Class in Transjordan, PhD Dissertation, 1991.

B. -anderson, Imagined communities: Reflections on the rise and spread of nationalism, 1991.

-. , L. Berthomière, and W. , Les diasporas : retour sur un concept. Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem, 2005.

M. -aouragh, Palestine Online: the Internet and the Construction of, Identity. I.B. Tauris, 2011.

C. -arab, Le troisième âge : le "migrant inutile". Hommes & migration, Diasporas marocaines, pp.47-55, 2013.

-. Chadia, Les Aït Ayad La circulation migratoire des Marocains, entre la France l'Espagne et l'Italie. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2009.

C. -arab, Des anciennes filières aux nouvelles stratégies migratoires, 2001.

K. -ayed, Settlement during Likod epoch 1977-1985, Arabic], 1986.

-. Azzam and I. , The impact of displacement on Palestinian family: A descriptive survey on a sample of Palestinian displaced persons residing, Arabic], p.177, 1986.

H. Barakat, The Arab family and the challenges of social transformation, Women and the family in the Middle East, 1985.

F. Barth, Ethnic groups and boundaries: The social organization of culture difference, 1998.

L. G. -basch, N. G. Schiller, and C. S. Blanc, Nations unbound: Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments, and deterritorrialized nation-states, 1994.

D. S. -bernstein, Expanding the Split Labor Market Theory: Between and Within Sectors of the Split Labor Market of Mandatory Palestine, Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol.38, issue.02, pp.243-266, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/S0010417500020259

J. W. Berry, Intercultural relations in plural societies., Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, vol.40, issue.1, pp.12-21, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037/h0086823

R. -beteille, Une nouvelle approche géographique des faite migratoires : champs, relationa, espaces relationnel, pp.189-197, 1981.

. Bhatia, . Sunil, . Ram, and . Anjali, Rethinking ???Acculturation??? in Relation to Diasporic Cultures and Postcolonial Identities, Human Development, vol.44, issue.1, pp.1-18, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000057036

A. Blunt, Geographies of diaspora and mixed descent: Anglo-Indians in India and Britain, International Journal of Population Geography, vol.23, issue.4, pp.281-294, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195052824.001.0001

J. Bodnar, The transplanted: A history of immigrants in urban America, 1985.

G. J. Borjas, IMMIGRANT AND EMIGRANT EARNINGS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY, Economic Inquiry, vol.27, issue.Supplement, pp.21-37, 1989.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1465-7295.1989.tb01161.x

B. Bosch, Ethnicity markers in Afrikaans, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vol.4, issue.1, pp.51-68, 2000.
DOI : 10.1515/ijsl.2000.144.51

M. Boyd, Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas, International Migration Review, vol.23, issue.3, pp.638-670, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/2546433

L. -brand, Palestinians in Syria: The politics of integration, Middle East Journal, vol.42, issue.4, pp.621-637, 1988.

R. -brubaker and F. Cooper, Beyond identity, Theory and Society, vol.29, issue.1, pp.1-47, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1007068714468

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01273117

R. Brubaker, The return of assimilation? Changing perspectives on immigration and its sequels in France, Germany, and the United States, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.24, issue.4, pp.531-548, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/01419870120049770

M. Bruneau, Les territoires de l'identit?? et la m??moire collective en diaspora, Espace g??ographique, vol.35, issue.4, pp.328-333, 2006.
DOI : 10.3917/eg.354.0328

K. Butler, Defining Diaspora, Refining a Discourse, Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, vol.10, issue.2, pp.189-218, 2001.
DOI : 10.1353/dsp.2011.0014

L. -cainkar, Targeting Muslims, at Ashcroft's discretion, Middle East report online, issue.14, 2003.

L. -cainkar, Palestinian women in the United States: Coping with tradition, change, and alienation, 1998.

. -cassarino and J. Jean-pierre, The theories of ethnic entrepreneurship, and the alternative arguments of social action and network analysis. Working paper, no, 1997.

M. -casson, Enterprise and competitiveness: A system view of international business, 1990.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198289579.001.0001

. -castles, . Stephen, . Miller, and J. Mark, The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, American Foreign Policy Interests, vol.27, issue.6, 1993.
DOI : 10.1080/10803920500434037

A. &. -chan and E. Wethington, Factors Promoting Marital Resilience among Interracial Couples In Resiliency in Ethnic Minority Families, pp.71-87, 1998.

K. -christison, The American Experience: Palestinians in the U.S., Journal of Palestine Studies, vol.18, issue.4, pp.18-36, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/2537495

R. -cohen, Global diaspora: An introduction, 1997.

J. S. -coleman, Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, American Journal of Sociology, vol.94, pp.95-120, 1988.
DOI : 10.1086/228943

. -cook, . Karen, . Whitmeyer, and M. Joseph, Two Approaches to Social Structure: Exchange Theory and Network Analysis, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.18, issue.1, pp.109-127, 1992.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.so.18.080192.000545

J. Davies, The Evasive peace, 1970.

. Deng and M. Francis, War of visions: Conflict of identities in the Sudan, 1995.

. -diad, &. Henry, and L. Wahlim, The Geography of Education in Syria in 1882, Geografiska Annular, Series B, Human Geography, vol.65, issue.2, pp.105-128, 1983.

. -diminescu and . Dana, Digital Diasporas Atlas Exploration and Cartography of Diasporas in Digital Networks, Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2011.

D. -diminescu, Introduction: Digital methods for the exploration, analysis and mapping of e-diasporas, Social Science Information, vol.51, issue.4, pp.451-458, 2012.
DOI : 10.1177/0539018412456918

M. -dogulas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, 1979.

M. K. -dorai, Les parcours migratoires des refugies vers la Suède et L'Europe du nord, pp.38-52, 2000.

M. K. -dorai, The meaning of homeland for the Palestinian diaspora revival and transformation New approaches to migration? Transnational communities and the transformation of home, pp.87-95, 2002.

M. K. -doraï, Les camps de réfugiés palestiniens d'Al Buss à Tyr: Ségrégation et précarité d'une installation durable Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes français 38, pp.93-104, 2006.

M. K. -dorai, Itinéraires de réfugiés palestiniens Emigration et les réseaux familiaux comme ressource, Orders and identities: Transnational ties of the Palestinians Diaspora Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al Wahda al Arabiya, pp.151-170, 2008.

. -doumani and . Beshara, Rediscovering Palestine: Merchants and peasants in Jabal Nablus, 1700- 1900. Beirut: Institute of Palestine Studiesm, 1995.

M. -dumper, The Christian Churches of Jerusalem in the Post-Oslo Period, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol.31, issue.2, pp.51-65, 2002.
DOI : 10.1525/jps.2002.31.2.51

E. F. -emens, Intimate Discrimination: The State's Role in the Accidents of Sex and Love, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.122, issue.5, pp.1308-1402, 2009.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1694174

. -emirbayer, . Mustafa, and J. Goodwin, Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency, American Journal of Sociology, vol.99, issue.6, pp.1411-1454, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/230450

G. S. -epstein, . Pomerantz, and L. Renana, Assimilation through marriage Discussion Paper: IZA DP, 2012.

A. -farsakh, Minorities in Arab history: From the pre-Islamic time to present day. Riad Al- Rayed Books & Publishing, Arabic], 1994.

J. T. Fawcett, Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems, International Migration Review, vol.23, issue.3, pp.671-680, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/2546434

M. -foroohar, Palestinians in Central America: From Temporary Emigrants to a Permanent Diaspora, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol.40, issue.3, pp.6-22, 2011.
DOI : 10.1525/jps.2011.XL.3.6

R. -fossaert, Devenir et avenir des diasporas, Hérodote, pp.158-168, 1989.
DOI : 10.1522/030080255

F. -fukuyama, Identity, Immigration, and Liberal Democracy, Journal of Democracy, vol.17, issue.2, pp.5-20, 2006.
DOI : 10.1353/jod.2006.0028

L. Gandolfo, The Political and Social Identities of the Palestinian Christian Community in Jordan, The Middle East Journal, vol.62, issue.3, pp.437-455, 2008.
DOI : 10.3751/62.3.14

. Gans and J. Herbert, The urban villagers: Group and class in the life of Italian-Americas, 1962.

R. Gardner, Macro level influences on the migration decision process, Migration decision making, pp.59-89, 1981.

P. -genestier, Sous les pav??s les racines?, Espaces Temps, vol.42, issue.1, pp.50-57, 1989.
DOI : 10.3406/espat.1989.3494

S. -ghabra, Palestinians in Kuwait: The Family and the Politics of Survival, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol.17, issue.2, pp.62-83, 1988.
DOI : 10.2307/2536864

-. Howard, R. Y. Bourhis, . Taylor, and M. Donald, Towards a theory of language in ethnic group relations, Language, ethnicity and ingroup relations, pp.307-348, 1977.

J. -glaser, J. Dixit, and D. Green, Studying Hate Crime with the Internet: What Makes Racists Advocate Racial Violence?, Journal of Social Issues, vol.58, issue.1, pp.177-193, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1540-4560.00255

. -glazer, . Nathan, and D. Moynihan, Beyond the melting pot. The Negroes, 1970.

N. Glazer, We Are All Multiculturalists Now, 1997.
DOI : 10.4135/9781483328515.n33

P. -gonin, Les migrations Internationales: Connaître et comprendre, Population, vol.62, issue.4, pp.869-871, 2007.

N. Gonzalez, . Dollar, . Dove, and . Eagle, One hundred years of Palestinian migration to Honduras, 1992.

A. -granovsky, Land and Jewish reconstruction in Palestine, 1931.

V. -grassmuck and . Diaspora, Web site: http://mikro, 2000.

S. -gualtieri, Between Arab and White: Race and ethnicity in the early Syrian American Diaspora, 2010.

. -guarnizo, . Luis, A. Portes, and W. Haller, Assimilation and Transnationalism: Determinants of Transnational Political Action among Contemporary Migrants, American Journal of Sociology, vol.108, issue.6, pp.1211-1248, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/375195

G. Habib, Report of the Secretary-General, In Your Kingdom Come. Third General Assembly. Middle East Council of Churches, pp.154-158, 1980.

S. Hall, Introduction: Who Needs ???Identity????, Questions of cultural identity, pp.1-17, 1996.
DOI : 10.4135/9781446221907.n1

H. -hallaq, The Ottoman state's attitude on the Zionist movement, 1897-1909. Beirut: The Arab Renaissance Printing, Publication and Distribution House, Arabic], 1999.

R. -hamami, Women in the Palestinian society, Institute of Palestinian Studies Arabic], pp.319-351, 1994.

S. -hanafi, Here and there: Toward analysing the relation between the Palestinian Diaspora and the center, Muwatin the Palestinian Institute for the Study of Democracy and the Institute of Jerusalem Studies, 2001.

S. -hanafi, Reshaping Geography: Palestinian Community Networks in Europe and the New Media, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol.84, issue.3, pp.581-598, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/13691830500058703

A. -hansen, Refugee Dynamics: Angolans in Zambia 1966 to 1972, International Migration Review, vol.15, issue.1/2, pp.175-195, 1966.
DOI : 10.2307/2545335

. Harker, . Richard, . Maher, . Cheleen, and C. Wilkes, An introduction to the work of Pierre Bourdieu: The practice of theory, 1990.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-349-21134-0

. Hilal, Relations between Palestinian diaspora (al-Shatat), Palestinians communities in the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip A paper prepared for the Migration and Refugee Movements in the Middle East and North Africa. The Forced Migration & Refugee Studies Program, 2007.

P. -hitti, The Syrians in America, 1923.

. Hogg, . Michael, and D. Abrams, Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes, 1988.

M. -hovanessian, La notion de diaspora Usages et champ sémantiques Des anthropologues : Nationaux, étrangers? Logiques d'Etat et enjeux quotidiens, pp.72-73, 1998.

L. -hunt, S. Schneider, and B. Comer, Should ???acculturation??? be a variable in health research? A critical review of research on US Hispanics, Social Science & Medicine, vol.59, issue.5, pp.973-986, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.12.009

-. Palestine, A Moment of Truth: A Word of Faith, Hope and Love from the Heart of Palestinian Suffering, 2009.

G. -karmi, An early case of migration to the UK: Problems of adaptation and integration Palestinians in Europe: The problems of identity and adaptation, The Palestinian Refugees and Diaspora Center (SHAML) and the Institute of Jerusalem Studies, pp.52-58, 2001.

. -karpat and H. Kemal, The Ottoman Emigration to America,1860???1914, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol.17, issue.02, pp.175-209, 1985.
DOI : 10.1017/S0020743800028993

. -karpat, Ottoman Population Records and the Census of 1881/82???1893, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol.9, issue.02, pp.237-274, 1978.
DOI : 10.1017/S0020743800000088

M. -kearney, The Local and the Global: The Anthropology of Globalization and Transnationalism, Annual Review of Anthropology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.547-565, 1995.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.002555

R. -khalidi, Palestinian identity: The construction of modern national consciousness, 1997.

H. -kildani, Temporary Christianity in Jordan and Palestine, Arabic], 1993.

H. -kildani, A Population Study of Christians in Jordan, Al-Rai Jordanian Newspaper, issue.4, 2015.

. -kimmerling and . Baruch, The formation of Palestinian collective identities: the Ottoman and mandatory periods, Middle Eastern Studies, vol.14, issue.2, pp.48-81, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/2096094

-. Michael and C. , The Palestinians and the Churches: 1948-1956. Commission on Interchurch Aid, Refugee and World Service, 1981.

. -kinzer and M. Israel, Discovery, capitalism, and distributive justice, 1989.

. -kodmani and . Bassma, La position de la CEE dans le conflit israëlo-arabe, 1981.

. Kunz and F. Egon, The Refugee in Flight: Kinetic Models and Forms of Displacement, International Migration Review, vol.7, issue.2, pp.25-146, 1973.
DOI : 10.2307/3002424

U. M. Kupferschmidt, The supreme Muslim council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine, 1987.

. -laurie and A. Brand, Palestinians in the Arab World: Institution building and the search of state, 1988.

. -lavie, . Samdar, and T. Swedenburg, Introduction: Displacement, diaspora, and geographies of identity, Displacement, Diasporas, and geographies of identity, pp.1-25, 1996.

G. Lenski, Human societies, 1970.

P. -levitt, Transnational migration: taking stock and future directions, Global Networks, vol.1, issue.3, pp.195-216, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/1471-0374.00013

-. , R. Jr, G. Yancey, and S. S. Bletzer, Racial and Non-racial Factors that Influence Spouse Choice in Black/White Marriages, Journal of Black Studies, vol.28, pp.60-78, 1997.

H. S. Lindholm, The reconstruction of Palestinian nationalism: Between revolution and statehood, 1999.

H. S. -lindhom, The Palestinian diaspora: Between nationalism and transnationalism Palestinians in Europe: Problems of duel identity and adaptation, Refugee and Diaspora Studies Palestinian Refugee & Diaspora Center (SHAML) and Institute of Jerusalem Studies, pp.19-31, 2005.

G. -loescher, Introduction: Refugee issue in international relation(s), Refugees and international relation(s), pp.1-33, 1989.

I. -lubbad, Demographic profile of Palestinian migration Paper Prepared for the Migration and Refugee Movements in the Middle East and North Africa (23-25 Egypt: The Forced Migration & Refugee Studies Program, 2007.

-. Mung and E. , Non-lieu et utopie : la diaspora chinoise et le territoire, Les diasporas, Reclus, (collection Espaces modes d'emploi) MIGRINTER, pp.163-173, 1995.
DOI : 10.3406/spgeo.1994.3280

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00733034

-. Mung and E. , La notion de diaspora et les nouvelles formes des migrations internationales Communication présentée au colloque international : Systèmes et dynamiques des migrations internationales ouest-africaines, Dakar 3-6 déc, ORSTOM- IFEAD et MIGRINTER, 1996.

O. -mahamid, Eastern Christians. Dubai: Al-Mesbar Studies & Research Centre, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01074026

L. -malkki, National Geographic, Cultural Anthropology, vol.7, issue.1, pp.24-44, 1992.
DOI : 10.1215/9780822382089-002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00661028

L. H. -malkki, Refugees and Exile: From "Refugee Studies" to the National Order of Things, Annual Review of Anthropology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.495-523, 1995.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.002431

L. O. -manger, . Assal, and A. Munzoul, Diasporas within and without Africa: Dynamism, hetereogeneity, variation, 2006.

J. -mansour, Arab Christians in Israel. Facts, figures and trends, 2012.

. Massey, S. Douglas, and F. G. Espafia, The Social Process of International Migration, Science, vol.237, issue.4816, pp.733-738, 1987.
DOI : 10.1126/science.237.4816.733

. Massey and S. Douglas, The Settlement Process Among Mexican Migrants to the United States, American Sociological Review, vol.51, issue.5, pp.670-685, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/2095492

D. S. Massey, Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal, Population and Development Review, vol.19, issue.3, pp.431-466, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/2938462

J. Mccarthy, The population of Palestine: Population history and statistics of the late Ottoman period and the Mandate. Institute for Palestine Studies Series, 1990.

. -meng, . Xin, and D. Meurs, Intermarriage, language, and economic assimilation process, International Journal of Manpower, vol.30, issue.1/2, pp.127-144, 2009.
DOI : 10.2307/1912352

. -merton and K. Robert, Intermarriage and the Social Structure, Psychiatry, vol.4, issue.3, pp.361-374, 1941.
DOI : 10.1080/00332747.1941.11022354

. -mishal, West Bank/East Bank: The Palestinians in Jordan. 1949-1967, 1978.

A. -mndam, Diaspora / Diasporas Archétypes et typologie, Revue Européenne des Migration Internationales, vol.9, issue.1, pp.59-66, 1993.

K. -munshi, Networks in the Modern Economy: Mexican Migrants in the U. S. Labor Market, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.118, issue.2, pp.549-599, 2003.
DOI : 10.1162/003355303321675455

A. -musallam, The Formative Stages of Palestinian Immigration to the Americas from the Last Quarter of the Nineteenth Century to the Eve of the Nakba in 1948, Jerusalem: Al-Liqa Center for Religious and Heritage Studies in the Holy Land Arabic], pp.35-53, 1990.

A. Musallam, The formative stages of Palestinian Arab immigration to Latin America and immigrants' quest for return and for Palestinian citizenship in the early 1920s, Voila Raheb Latin Americans with Palestinian roots, pp.15-24, 2012.

N. -naber, Introduction: Arab Americans and U.S. racial formations Race and Arab Americans before and after 9/11: From invisible citizens to visible subjects, pp.1-45, 2008.

A. -naff, Becoming American. The early Arab immigrant experience, 1993.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01472211

. -nusseirat and A. Fadwa, Arab Christians and the Idea of Pan-Arabism in the Levant (Bilad al- Sham) and Egypt (1840-1918) Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies, Arabic], 2009.

. -oki and K. Mim, Sultan Abdul-Hamid II between global Zionism and Palestinian question. Al- Zahra for Arab Media, Arabic], 1992.

-. Mahony and A. , Palestinian Christians: religion, politics and society, 1800-1948 Palestinian Christians: religion, politics and society in the Holy Land, pp.9-55, 1999.

G. -orfalea, The Arab Americans: A History, 2006.

-. Robert, E. Miller, and H. A. , Old World Traits Transplanted, 1921.

. -patacchini, &. Eleonora, and Y. Zenou, Ethnic networks and employment outcomes, Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol.42, issue.6, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2012.01.004

J. S. Phinney, Ethnic Identity, Immigration, and Well-Being: An Interactional Perspective, -Permanent Constitution Draft, pp.493-510, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/0022-4537.00225

URL : https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/16666/JSI2001.pdf?sequence=2

N. -picaudou, La Bourgeoisie d'affaires Palestinienne: Trajectoires en diaspora, Maghreb Machrek, vol.159, pp.28-38, 1998.

. -piore and J. Michael, Birds of passage: Migrant labour in industrial societies, 1979.

-. , D. B. Liu, W. M. Ledesma-jones, S. Nevitt, and J. , African American acculturation and Black racial identity: A preliminary investigation, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, vol.28, issue.2, pp.98-112, 2000.

A. -portes, Economic sociology immigration: A conceptual overview The economic sociology of immigration: Essays on networks, ethnicity and entrepreneurship, pp.1-41, 1995.

A. -portes, La mondialisation par le bas. L'émergence des communautés transnationales Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 129, pp.15-25, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00491269

G. -prevelakis, Les espaces de la diaspora hell??nique et le territoire de l'??tat grec, PREVELAKIS Georges (dir), Les réseaux des diasporas Nicosie: L'Harmattan, pp.53-68, 1996.
DOI : 10.3406/spgeo.1994.3305

-. Talal, Jordanian Christians are fully integrated, Middle East Quarterly, vol.8, issue.1, pp.82-87, 2001.

R. -radhakrishnan, Nationalism, gender, and the narrative of identity, Nationalism and sexuality, pp.77-95, 1992.

M. -raheb, Faith, steadfastness and creative resistance in the modern Palestinian Christian thinking Al-Quds daily newspaper, Arabic], 2016.

V. -raheb, Latin Americans with Palestinian roots, 2012.

O. -rantawi, Palestinians in Jordan and the questions of, Arabic], 2011.

J. S. -reichert, Social stratification in a Mexican sending community: The effect of migration to the United States, Social Problems, vol.29, pp.422-433, 1982.

-. Lewis, G. Yancey, &. S. Siri, and . Bletzer, Racial and Nonracial Factors That Influence Spouse Choice in Black/White Marriages, Journal of Black Studies, vol.32, issue.1, pp.60-78, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/350250

A. H. Richmond, Reactive Migration: Sociological Perspectives On Refugee Movements, Journal of Refugee Studies, vol.6, issue.1, pp.7-24, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/jrs/6.1.7

I. -rigoni, Les migrants de Turquie : Réseaux ou diaspora?" l'Homme et la Société, pp.39-57, 1997.

A. -rose, Sociology: The study of human relations. 2 edition, 1963.

-. Bernard, Studies of migration of Christian Palestinians in Jerusalem, Ramallah, and Bethlehem areas In immigration, Jerusalem: Al-Leqa Center for Religious and Inheritance Studies in Holy Land Arabic], pp.79-95, 1990.

B. Sabella, Christian Presence in Palestine. As-Safir newspaper, 2011.

W. -safran, Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return, Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, vol.1, issue.1, pp.83-99, 1991.
DOI : 10.1353/dsp.1991.0004

E. -said, The mind of winter: Reflections on life in exile, Harper's Magazine, 1984.

H. Saleh, Demographic conditions of the Palestinian people, Encyclopaedia of Palestine, vol.1, 1990.

. Sayegh and Y. Yazid, The social and economic origins of monarchy in Jordan, Arabic], 1978.

G. -scheffer, Ethnic Diasporas: A Threat to Their Host Boulder: Westview, International Migration and Security, pp.263-285, 1993.

A. Schölch, Palestine in transformation, 1856-1882: Studies in social, economic and political development, Institute for Palestine Studies, 1993.

S. J. Schwartz, The Evolution of Eriksonian and, Neo-Eriksonian Identity Theory and Research: A Review and Integration, Identity, vol.14, issue.1, pp.7-58, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1021367615830

A. -shahin, Unveiling the ancestors and genealogies in Ramallah City, Arabic], 1982.

A. Shalhat, On culture, identity and vision, 2007.

S. Shami, The Social Implications of Population Displacement and Resettlement: An Overview with a Focus on the Arab Middle East, International Migration Review, vol.27, issue.1, pp.4-33, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/2546699

. -shehade, . Raja, and J. Kuttab, West Bank and rule of law, 1982.

A. Shiblak, The Status of Palestinian Refugees in Host Arab States, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.3, 2011.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1801842

G. -simon, Géodynamique de migrations internationales dans le monde. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995.

G. -simon, La mise en place et l'evolution du concept de champ migratoire Villes et géographie, innovations et perspectives, Geoforum Aix-en-Provece, AFDG, pp.26-27, 2000.

P. Smith and . Ann, The Palestinian Diaspora, 1948-1985, Journal of Palestine Studies, vol.15, issue.3, pp.90-108, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/2536751

L. -snowden, Collective Versus Mass Behavior: A Conceptual Framework for Temporary and Permanent Migration in Western Europe and the United States, International Migration Review, vol.24, issue.3, pp.577-590, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2546374

-. St, Yves -Catholic Center for Human Right. The last nail in Bethlehem's coffin. The annexation wall in Cremisan, 2015.

Y. Soysal and . Nuhoglu, Citizenship and identity: living in diasporas in post-war Europe?, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.23, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/014198700329105

. -stampini, . Marco, . Carletto, . Calogero, and B. Davis, International Migration from Albania: The Role of Family Networks and Previous Experience, Eastern European Economics, vol.46, issue.2, pp.50-87, 2008.
DOI : 10.2753/EEE0012-8775460203

. Stark, . Oded, . Bloom, and E. David, The new economics of labour migration, The American Economic Review, vol.75, issue.2, pp.173-178, 1985.

. Stark, . Oded, and E. Taylor, Relative Deprivation and International Migration, Demography, vol.26, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/2061490

P. Stoller, Globalizing Method: The Problems of Doing Ethnography in Transnational Spaces, Anthropology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Humanism, vol.8, issue.2, pp.81-94, 1997.
DOI : 10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00080

-. , C. Louie, J. Todorova, and I. , Making up for lost time: The experience of separation and reunification among immigrant families, Family Process, vol.41, issue.4, pp.625-643, 2002.

M. -suleiman, The Arabs in the mind of America, 1988.

. -swan, L. Charles, and L. B. Saba, The migration of a minority, Arabic speaking communities in American cities, pp.85-110, 1974.

. -tadaro and P. Michael, A model of labor migration and urban unemployment in less developed countries, American Economic Review, vol.59, pp.138-148, 1969.

S. -tamari, Patterns of Palestinian migration within its world perspectives In Immigration, Jerusalem: Al-leqa Center for Religious and Inheritance Studies in Holy Land Arabic], pp.15-24, 1990.

C. Taylor, Multiculturalism and the politics of recognition, 1992.

C. Taylor, The Politics of Recognition, Multiculturalism: Examining the politics of recognition, pp.25-74, 1994.
DOI : 10.4135/9781446215272.n30

U. G. -the and . Assembly, Right of Return, 1948.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01112430

K. -tololyan, The nation-state and its others: In lieu of a preface, pp.3-7, 1991.

K. -tölölyan, Rethinking Diaspora(s): Stateless Power in the Transnational Moment, pp.3-36, 1996.

D. -tsimhoni, The status of the Arab Christians under the British Mandate in Palestine, Middle Eastern Studies, vol.12, issue.4, pp.166-192, 1984.
DOI : 10.1080/00263208408700605

D. -tsimhoni, Christian communities in Jerusalem and the West Bank since 1948. An historical, social and political study, 1993.

-. Hear and N. , New Diasporas: The Mass Exodus: Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities, 1998.

R. -waldinger, Between "Here" and "There": Immigrant Cross-Border Activities and Loyalties, International Migration Review, vol.31, issue.5, pp.3-29, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/13691830601043471

M. -walzer, Spheres of justice: A defence of pluralism and equality, 2008.

R. -watts and R. Henriksen, Perceptions of a White Female in an Interracial Marriage, The Family Journal, vol.54, issue.1, pp.68-70, 1999.
DOI : 10.1177/1066480799071012

M. Weiner, Labour Migrations as incipient Diaspora, Modern Diasporas in international politics, pp.43-74, 1986.

B. -wellman, The Community Question: The Intimate Networks of East Yorkers, American Journal of Sociology, vol.84, issue.5, pp.1201-1231, 1979.
DOI : 10.1086/226906

C. Wilpert, The use of social networks in Turkish migration to Germany, International Migration Systems, pp.177-189

. -yasumuro and . Ken-'ichi, Engineers as functional alternatives to entrepreneurs in Japanese industrialisation, Entrepreneurship, networks and modern business, pp.76-101, 1993.

C. -zacharia, Power in numbers: A call for a census of the Palestinian people al- Siya¯sa al-Filastiniyya [Palestinian Politics, pp.172-18830, 1996.

. Sex, male (2) female 2-age group: (1) 18-25 years old (2) 26-39 years old (3) 40-49 years old (4) 50-59 years old (5) over 60 years old 3-Birthplace (state or city)

?. Place-of-your-origin-in-palestine, ????????? village/city in Palestine 5-academic qualifications: (1) illiterate (2) primary level education (3) high school (4) diploma (5) Bachelor degree (6) Master degree (7) PhD degree 6-Type of work: (1) employee (2) professional (3) trader (4) jobless (5) retiree (6) private business (7) more than one job