E. Seconde, D. De-la, . Economique, . Systeme, and . En, Source : ChinaCities. ACP effectuée sur 14 secteurs et 700 villes, 1990.

J. L. Abu-lughod, Before European hegemony: The world system AD, pp.1250-1350, 1991.

G. Anderson and Y. Et-ge, The size distribution of Chinese cities, Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol.35, issue.6, pp.756-776, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2005.01.003

M. Armand, B. Castiglioni, and C. Et-ledoux, La Chine : comprendre sa culture, son histoire, son devenir, 2007.

R. Arvanitis, P. Miège, and W. Et-zhao, Regard(s) sur l'??mergence d'une ??conomie de march?? en Chine, Perspectives chinoises, vol.77, issue.1, pp.53-65, 2003.
DOI : 10.3406/perch.2003.2971

URL : http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/perch_1021-9013_2003_num_77_1_2971.pdf

C. Aubert, Chine : Petites Villes ou Grandes Cités ? Les Relations Villes- Campagnes, ou les Voies Détournées de l'Urbanisation. QuellesVilles Pour Quel Développement, 1996.

C. Aubert, Politiques agricoles chinoises: la porte étroite. L'Économie mondiale 2006, pp.69-83, 2005.

C. Aubert and L. Et-xiande, Sous-emploi agricole et migrations rurales en Chine, faits et chiffres, Perspectives chinoises, vol.70, issue.1, pp.49-61, 2002.
DOI : 10.3406/perch.2002.2732

A. Aziz, Income structure of rural local governments: The Karnataka experience. Local Government Finance in India, 1998.

P. Bairoch, De Jéricho à Mexico: villes et économie dans l'histoire, 1985.

S. Banerjee-guha, Neoliberalising the 'Urban': New Geographies of Power and Injustice in Indian Cities, Economic & Political Weekly, vol.44, issue.22, pp.95-107, 2009.

M. Barbut, Sur quelques propriétés élémentaires des fonctions de concentration de C. Gini, Mathématiques et Sciences humaines, vol.88, pp.5-20, 1984.

M. Barbut, A family of distributions : from paretian to ?? contra-paretian ??. Applications to the study of urban concentration and its evolution, Cybergeo, revue Européenne de Géographie, 2004.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.3935

M. Bell and S. Et-n-'guiamba, La création de zones économiques ouvertes en Chine accélère la transition vers un système de marché, Bulletin du FMI, vol.22, issue.8, pp.114-117, 1993.

A. Bérélowitch and P. Trolliet, Histoire de la Chine de Confucius a nos jours, 1981.

B. J. Berry, CITIES AS SYSTEMS WITHIN SYSTEMS OF CITIES, Papers in Regional Science, vol.13, issue.1, pp.147-163, 1964.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1435-5597.1964.tb01283.x

S. Berthet and F. Landy, Kolkata. Dictionnaire de l'Inde contemporaine, pp.96-97, 2010.

L. Bettencourt, J. Lobo, and D. Et-strumsky, Innovation in the City: Increasing returns to scale in Metropolitan patenting, 2004.

R. Bhagat, Challenges of rural-urban classification for decentralised governance, Economic and Political Weekly, pp.2413-2416, 2002.

R. Bhagat, Urban growth by city and town-size in India Annual meeting of Population Association of America, 2005.

S. Bhattacharya and P. Et-nath, Using patent statistics as a measure of technological assertiveness. A China India Comparison, Current Science, vol.83, issue.1, pp.23-29, 2002.

O. Blanchard and A. Et-shleifer, Federalism With And Without Political Centralization. China Versus Russia, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.7616, 2000.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.236127

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.25.3781

Y. Blayo, . Paris, and Y. Blayo, Des politiques démographiques en ChinePersistance des problèmes démographiques en Chine, Population et Sociétés, vol.331, pp.1-4, 1997.

A. Bopta, Yaoundé et le défi camerounais de l'intégration: à quoi sert une capitale d'Afrique tropicale, CNRS: Coll. Espaces et milieux, 2003.

J. Bordagi, L'Urbanisation en Inde du sud, Etude comparative entre le Kerala et le Tamil Nadu, p.82, 2010.

A. Bose, Six Decades of Urbanization in India 1901--1961, Indian Economic & Social History Review, vol.2, issue.1, 1964.
DOI : 10.1177/001946466400200102

L. Brandt, Commercialization and Agricultural Development: Central and Eastern China, pp.1870-1937, 1989.

L. Brandt and T. G. Et-rawski, China's great economic transformation, 2008.

A. Bretagnolle, Villes et réseaux de transport : des interactions dans la longue durée (France, Europe, Etats-Unis), 2009.

A. Bretagnolle, T. Giraud, and H. Et-mathian, La mesure de l'urbanisation aux Etats-Unis, des premiers comptoirs coloniaux aux Metropolitan Areas, 1790.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.19683

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01216523

A. Bretagnolle, H. Mathian, and E. Et-swerts, La question de l'échelle dans la construction des bases de données, 2013.

A. Bretagnolle and D. Et-pumain, Comparer deux types de systèmes de villes par la modélisation multi-agents. Qu'appelle t-on aujourd'hui les sciences de la complexité? Langages, réseaux, marchés, territoires, pp.271-299, 2010.

A. Bretagnolle, D. Pumain, and C. Et-vacchiani-marcuzzo, Les formes des systèmes de villes dans le monde, 2007.

A. Bretagnolle, D. Pumain, C. Et-vacchiani-marcuzzo, D. Change-lane, D. Pumain et al., The Organization of Urban Systems, Complexity perspectives in innovation and social, vol.7, pp.197-220, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-9663-1_7

H. G. Broadman and X. Et-sun, The Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in China, The World Economy, vol.20, issue.3, pp.339-361, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9701.00073

F. Cai, A. Park, and Y. Et-zhao, The Chinese Labor Market in the Reform Era, 2008.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511754234.007

L. Brandt, T. G. Et-rawski, and . Cambridge, China's great economic transformation, pp.167-214

Y. Calbérac, Urban Dynamics and Urban Sustainability: An Impossible Marriage or a Marriage of Convenience? Urban Dynamics vs Urban Sustainability, 2009.

M. Catin and C. Et-van-huffel, Ouverture ??conomique et in??galit??s r??gionales de d??veloppement en Chine : le r??le des institutions, Mondes en d??veloppement, vol.128, issue.4, pp.7-23, 2004.
DOI : 10.3917/med.128.0007

N. Cattan, D. Pumain, C. Rozenblat, and T. Et-saint-julien, Le système des villes européennes, 1994.

I. Census, Administrative Division from http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You, Administrative_division.aspx. Census of India, 2001.

I. S. Census, Provisional results from http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov- resultsFrom colonial city to globalizing city? The far-fromcomplete spatial transformation of Calcutta Globalizing cities: A new spatial order, pp.56-77, 2000.

K. W. Chan, Cities with invisible walls: reinterpreting urbanization in post-1949 China, 1994.

K. W. Chan, Urbanization and Rural- Urban Migration in China since 1982: A New Baseline, Modern China, vol.20, issue.3, pp.243-281, 1994.
DOI : 10.1177/009770049402000301

K. W. Chan, Post-Mao China: A Two-Class Urban Society in the Making, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol.1, issue.1, pp.134-150, 1996.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-2427.1996.tb00305.x

K. W. Chan, Chinese census 2000: new opportunities and challenges, 2003.

K. W. Chan, Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and Implications, Eurasian Geography and Economics, vol.48, issue.4, pp.383-412, 2007.
DOI : 10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383

K. W. Chan, Measuring the urban millions, China Economic Quarterly, vol.1, pp.21-26, 2009.

K. W. Chan and W. Et-buckingham, Is China abolishing the hukou system?, The China Quarterly, vol.195, issue.1, pp.582-605, 2008.

K. W. Chan and Y. Hu, Urbanisation in China in the 1990s: New definition, different series and revised trends, The China Review, vol.3, issue.2, pp.49-71, 2003.

K. W. Chan and X. Et-xu, Urban population growth and urbanisation in China since 1949: reconstructing a baseline, 1985.
DOI : 10.1017/s0305741000033324

K. W. Chan and L. Et-zhang, The Hukou System and Rural-Urban Migration in China: Processes and Changes, The China Quarterly, vol.160, pp.818-855, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0305741000001351

R. C. Chan and X. B. Et-zhao, The relationship between administrative hierarchy position and city size development in China, GeoJournal, vol.56, issue.2, pp.97-112, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022463615129

T. Chandler and G. Fox, 3000 years of urban growth, 1974.

C. Chandramouli, Trends In Growth of Urban Population, 2013.

C. Chen, L. Chang, and Y. Et-zhang, The role of foreign direct investment in China's post-1978 economic development, World Development, vol.23, issue.4, pp.691-703, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0305-750X(94)00143-M

D. Chen, Impact des réformes de Deng Xiaoping sur l'organisation des espaces en Chine côtière: étude de la municipalité de Wenzhou, Zhéjiang, Bulletin de la Société géographique de Liège, vol.48, pp.7-17, 2006.

X. Chen, The Evolution of Free Economic Zones and the Recent Development of Cross-National Growth Zones, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol.4, issue.1, pp.593-621, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-2427.1995.tb00530.x

Z. Chen, Y. Jin, M. Lu, M. H. Fujita, and N. Et-hamaguchi, Economic opening and industrial agglomeration in China Regional integration in East Asia: perspectives of spatial and neoclassical economics, pp.13-42, 2008.

T. Cheng and M. Et-selden, The Origins and Social Consequences of China's Hukou System, The China Quarterly, vol.139, pp.644-668, 1994.
DOI : 10.1017/S0305741000043083

J. Chesnais, Les comptes fantastiques de la Chine, Annales des mines, pp.90-94, 1999.

K. Y. Cheung and P. Et-lin, Spillover effects of FDI on innovation in China: Evidence from the provincial data, China Economic Review, vol.15, issue.1, pp.25-44, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-951X(03)00027-0

W. Christaller, Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland, 1933.

H. J. Chung and R. Et-jacquet, Disparités régionales et capacités d'intervention de l'Etat en Chine populaire, Perspectives chinoises, vol.60, pp.40-55, 2000.

J. H. Chung, Cities in Post-Mao China: Recipes for Economic Development in the Reform Era, 1999.

A. M. Costa, As "economias chinesas" (II) -A Republica da China: definida un modelo de economia de mercade. Portugal, Departamento de prospectiva e planeame e relações internacionais Ministério do Ambiente, 2002.

C. Cottineau, Un syst??me interm??diaire, Espace g??ographique, vol.41, issue.3, pp.266-284, 2012.
DOI : 10.3917/eg.413.0266

D. Cyranoski, China increases share of global scientific publications, Nature, vol.431, issue.7005, pp.116-116, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/431116b

E. Daudé, Modélisation de la diffusion d'innovations par la simulation multi-agents. L'exemple d'une innovation en milieu rural Avignon, 2002.

D. Singh and Z. , Indian and Chinese Economic Trajectories: Future Prospects, Maritime Affairs:Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India, vol.7, issue.2, pp.102-133, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/09733159.2011.641382

M. C. Davis, The Case for Chinese Federalism, Journal of Democracy, vol.10, issue.2, pp.124-137, 1999.
DOI : 10.1353/jod.1999.0027

S. Demurger, Ouverture économique et croissance en Chine, 2000.
DOI : 10.1787/9789264281073-fr

S. Démurger, J. D. Sachs, W. T. Woo, S. Bao, G. Chang et al., Geography, Economic Policy, and Regional Development in China, Asian Economic Papers, vol.3, issue.2, pp.146-197, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00581.x

E. Denis and K. Et-marius-gnanou, Toward a better appraisal of urbanization in India, Cybergeo, 2011.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.24798

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00610218

E. Denis, P. Mukhopadhyay, and M. H. Et-zérah, Subaltern urbanisation in India, Economic and Political Weekly, vol.47, issue.30, pp.52-62, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-81-322-3616-0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00743051

E. Denis and E. Et-swerts, From Physical Agglomeration to Mega-Urban Region Identification in India, IGU 2013 Kyoto Regional Conference. Joint Session 10-1: Emerging mega-regions in contemporary India, 2013.

C. Didelon, Bangalore, ville des nouvelles technologies, Mappemonde, vol.70, pp.35-40, 2003.

M. Dimou, A. Schaffar, Z. Chen, and S. Et-fu, La croissance urbaine chinoise reconsidérée, Revue Région et développement, vol.27, pp.109-130, 2008.

P. Duara, The Global and regional in China's nation-formation, 2008.

S. Dubuc, L'urbanisation en Inde de, 1901.

P. Dumolard, Accessibilit?? et diffusion spatiale, Espace g??ographique, vol.28, issue.3, pp.205-214, 1999.
DOI : 10.3406/spgeo.1999.1254

R. Dumont, Les communes populaires rurales chinoises, Politique ??trang??re, vol.29, issue.4, pp.380-397, 1964.
DOI : 10.3406/polit.1964.2269

V. Dupont, The Case of Jetpur in West India. Decentralized Industrialization and Urban Dynamics, 1995.

V. Dupont, Delhi : Dynamique démographique et spatiale d'une grande métropole, Mappemonde, vol.62, pp.33-38, 2001.

V. Dupont, Delhi. Dictionnaire de l'Inde contemporaine, pp.149-150, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01482680

F. Durand-dastès, Le Monde Indien Géographie Universelle: Afrique du Nord, Moyen-Orient, Monde Indien Belin-Reclus, 1995.

F. Durand-dastès, Modèle des comptoirs. Les comptoirs dans leur environnement, Mappemonde, vol.69, issue.1, pp.10-12, 2003.

F. Durand-dastès, La population indienne en 2011 : anciennes et nouvelles différenciations spatiales, Mappemonde, vol.108, issue.4, 2012.

F. Durand-dastès, La population indienne en 2011: anciennes et nouvelles différenciations spatiales, M@ ppemonde, 2013.

G. Duranton, City size distributions as a consequence of the growth process, Centre for Economic Performance, 2002.

F. Dureau, Croissance et dynamiques urbaines dans les pays du sud, Population et Développement, vol.10, pp.203-225, 2004.

M. Elvin, The pattern of the Chinese past: A social and economic interpretation, 1973.

C. Fan, THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL EXPANSIONS OF CHINA'S CITY SYSTEM, Urban Geography, vol.20, issue.6, pp.493-515, 1999.
DOI : 10.2747/0272-3638.20.6.493

S. Fan, C. Chen-kang, and A. I. Et-mukherjee, Rural and urban dynamics and poverty: Evidence from China and India, 2005.

D. Faure, The rural economy of pre-liberation China: Trade expansion and peasant livelihood in Jiangsu and Guangdong, 1870.

M. P. Feldman and R. Et-florida, The Geographic Sources of Innovation: Technological Infrastructure and Product Innovation in the United States, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol.59, issue.2, pp.210-229, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(91)90094-7

J. Fitzgerald, The province in history. Rethinking China's Provinces, 2002.

J. D. Fitzgerald, Rethinking China's provinces, 2004.
DOI : 10.4324/9780203166512

S. Fu, X. Dong, and G. Et-chai, Industry specialization, diversification, churning, and unemployment in Chinese cities, China Economic Review, vol.21, issue.4, pp.508-520, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chieco.2010.04.007

X. Fu and Y. Et-gao, Export Processing Zones in China : A Survey. ILO, s. t, 2007.

M. Fujita and D. Hu, Regional disparity in China 1985-1994: The effects of globalization and economic liberalization, The Annals of Regional Science, vol.35, issue.1, pp.3-37, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s001680000020

M. Fujita, P. R. Krugman, and A. J. Venables, The spatial economy: cities, regions and international trade, 1999.

X. Gabaix, Zipf's Law for Cities: An Explanation, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.114, issue.3, pp.739-767, 1999.
DOI : 10.1162/003355399556133

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.180.4097

K. Gangopadhyay and B. Basu, City size distributions for India and China, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol.388, issue.13, pp.2682-2688, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physa.2009.03.019

URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1001.0828

S. Q. Gao, Chongfen fahui zhongxin chengshi de zuoyong. Bring the functions of the central cities into full play, 1983.

W. Ge, Special Economic Zones and the Opening of the Chinese Economy: Some Lessons for Economic Liberalization, World Development, vol.27, issue.7, pp.1267-1285, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00056-X

P. Gentelle and . Ed, Chine: L'irrésistible urbanisation, 1992.

. Lyon, La Chine entre espace domestique et espace mondial, Geoconfluence, 2006.

. Geodivercity, European Research Council (Advanced Grant) project, Pumain, D

R. Gibrat, Les inégalités économiques, 1931.

F. Gipouloux, Chine : L'ouverture ?? l'??tranger, Tiers-Monde, vol.27, issue.108, pp.825-841, 1986.
DOI : 10.3406/tiers.1986.4424

F. Gipouloux, Int??gration ou d??sint??gration ?, Perspectives chinoises, vol.46, issue.1, pp.6-14, 1998.
DOI : 10.3406/perch.1998.2267

F. Gipouloux, . Kong, . Taiwan, and . Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taiwan et Shanghai : Plate-formes logistiques rivales du corridor maritime de l'Asie de l'est, Perspectives chinoises, vol.62, issue.1, pp.4-12, 2000.
DOI : 10.3406/perch.2000.2563

F. Gipouloux, Attractivit??, concurrence et compl??mentarit????: la place ambigu?? des villes c??ti??res chinoises dans la dynamique ??conomique du corridor maritime de l'Asie de l'Est, Outre-Terre, vol.15, issue.2, pp.149-160, 2006.
DOI : 10.3917/oute.015.0149

F. Gipouloux, La Méditerranée asiatique : Villes portuaires et réseaux marchands en Chine, au Japon et en Asie du Sud-Est, 2009.

T. R. Gottschang, Economic Change, Disasters, and Migration: The Historical Case of Manchuria, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.35, issue.3, pp.461-490, 1987.
DOI : 10.1086/451600

J. Grasset and F. Et-landy, Les zones franches de l'Inde, entre ouverture ?? l'international et sp??culation immobili??re, Annales de g??ographie, vol.658, issue.6, pp.608-627, 2007.
DOI : 10.3917/ag.658.0608

J. Guan and N. Ma, China's emerging presence in nanoscience and nanotechnology, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.6, pp.880-886, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.004

X. Guan, China's Social Policy: Reform and Developmentin the Context of Marketization and Globalization, Social Policy & Administration, vol.34, issue.1, pp.115-130, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9515.00180

P. Gubry, L'explosion urbaine, Faim Développement Magazine hs, vol.9, pp.12-13, 1993.

F. Guérin-pace, Rank-Size Distribution and the Process of Urban Growth, Urban Studies, vol.32, issue.3, pp.551-562, 1995.
DOI : 10.1080/00420989550012960

M. Guérois and F. Et-paulus, Central commune, urban agglomeration, daily urban system??:What reliability for urban studies???, Cybergeo, 2002.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.3491

S. Guillerme, Espace rural, espace urbain ? Facteurs et processus d'intégration spatiale dans l'État du Kerala Villes et campagnes dans les pays du Sud, Géographie des relations, Chaléard, J. L. et, pp.187-205, 1999.

C. Guilmoto, L'Inde et son milliard. L'Inde contemporaine, 2004.

F. Guo, Shi lingdao xian de tizhi fuhe jingji fazhan guilu. The system of city-leading-county conforms to the principles of economic development, 1983.

T. Hagerstrand, Innovation diffusion as a spatial process, 1968.

P. Hall, Forces Shaping Urban Europe, Urban Studies, vol.30, issue.6, pp.883-898, 1993.
DOI : 10.1080/00420989320080831

N. G. Hegde, Community Development in India: An Overview, seminar on Comparative Study on Planning Process of Community Development: Component of People, 2000.

J. Heitzman, The City in South Asia, 2008.

J. Howell and S. Et-yusuf, China Opens Its Doors: The Politics of Economic Transition, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.44, issue.4, pp.908-927, 1996.

Y. M. Ioannides and H. G. Et-overman, Zipf???s law for cities: an empirical examination, Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol.33, issue.2, pp.127-137, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-0462(02)00006-6

URL : http://ase.tufts.edu/econ/papers/200006.pdf

M. Jefferson, The Law of the Primate City, Geographical Review, vol.29, issue.2, pp.226-232, 1939.
DOI : 10.2307/209944

L. Jian, N. Xiaohan, and R. Et-jacquet, Acc??s ?? la propri??t?? et formation d'une classe moyenne ?? P??kin, Perspectives chinoises, vol.74, issue.1, pp.4-20, 2002.
DOI : 10.3406/perch.2002.2801

H. Jin, Y. Qian, and B. R. Et-weingast, Regional decentralization and fiscal incentives: Federalism, Chinese style, Journal of Public Economics, vol.89, issue.9-10, pp.1719-1742, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.11.008

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.517.3209

D. C. Jones, C. Li, and A. L. Et-owen, Growth and regional inequality in China during the reform era, China Economic Review, vol.14, issue.2, pp.186-200, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-951X(03)00022-1

A. S. Kadi and B. I. Et-halingali, Growth Pattern of Cities in India: Application of Statistical Models, Canadian Studies in Population, vol.37, issue.12, pp.125-150, 2010.

L. Kennedy, Hyderabad. Dictionnaire de l'Inde contemporaine, p.255, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00711067

L. Kennedy and M. H. Et-zérah, L'évolution de la perception des villes en Inde " Métropoles; Gouvernance, nouvelles spatialités et enjeux sociaux dans les métropoles indienne, 2011.

P. R. Krugman, Geography and trade, 1991.

H. Kumar and R. Et-somanathan, Mapping Indian districts across census years, Economic and Political Weekly, pp.69-73, 1971.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2638584

A. Kundu, Theories of City Size Distribution and Indian Urban Structure: A Reappraisal, Economic and Political Weekly, vol.18, issue.31, pp.1361-1368, 1983.

A. Kundu, Trends and processes of urbanisation in India, Urban Development, Urbanization and Emerging Population Issues, vol.6, issue.60, 2011.

A. Kundu and S. Basu, Words and concepts in urban development and planning in India: an analysis in the context of regional variation and changing policy perspectives, 1999.

L. Lalanne, Note sur les faits d'alignements naturels dans leurs relations avec les lois qui président à la répartition des centres de population à la surface du globe Compte rendu du 2e Congrès international de Géographie (1880), pp.45-55, 1875.

F. Landy, La lib??ralisation ??conomique en Inde : inflexion ou rupture ?, Tiers-Monde, vol.42, issue.165, pp.9-16, 2001.
DOI : 10.3406/tiers.2001.1466

F. Landy, L'Union Indienne, 2002.

D. Lane, S. Van-der-leeuw, D. Pumain, and G. West, Complexity Perspectives in innovation and Social Change, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-9663-1

L. Gall and J. M. , Les capitales de la Renaissance, 2011.

X. Y. Liang, Z. G. Li, S. K. Tang, and L. J. Et-zhao, A study on the spatial distribution of Chinese hi-tech industries : spatial econometrics analysis based on province-level industrial output value, Studies in Science of Science, vol.3, issue.011, 2007.

Z. Liang, Foreign investment, economic growth, and temporary migration: The case of Shenzhen special economic zone, China, Development and Society, vol.28, issue.1, pp.115-137, 1999.

G. C. Lin, China's industrialisation with controlled urbanisation: Antiurbanism or urban biased, Issues end studies, vol.34, pp.98-116, 1998.

G. C. Lin, State, Capital, and Space in China in an Age of Volatile Globalization, Environment and Planning A, vol.23, issue.12, pp.455-471, 2000.
DOI : 10.1068/a3264

G. C. Lin, Urbanization and the Changing System of Cities in Socialist China: A Historical and Geographic Assessment, Journal of Populations Sudies, vol.24, pp.89-139, 2002.

G. C. Lin, Reproducing Spaces of Chinese Urbanisation: New City-based and Land-centred Urban Transformation, Urban Studies, vol.42, issue.8, pp.1827-1855, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/00420980701426673

S. Lin and S. Song, Urban Economic Growth in China: Theory and Evidence, Urban Studies, vol.39, issue.12, pp.2251-2266, 2002.
DOI : 10.1080/0042098022000033854

Z. Liu, Institution and inequality: the hukou system in China, Journal of Comparative Economics, vol.33, issue.1, pp.133-157, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jce.2004.11.001

C. Lo and R. Welch, CHINESE URBAN POPULATION ESTIMATES, Annals of the Association of American geographers 67, pp.246-253, 1977.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1977.tb01137.x

J. Lobo and D. Et-strumsky, Metropolitan patenting, inventor agglomeration and social networks: A tale of two effects, Journal of Urban Economics, vol.63, issue.3, pp.871-884, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jue.2007.07.005

A. Lösch, Die räumliche Ordnung der Wirtschaft, 1940.

M. Laurence and J. , Commercial development and urban change in Sung China, pp.960-1279, 1971.

M. Laurence and J. C. , Urban administrative restructuring, changing scale relations and local economic development in China, Political Geography, vol.24, pp.477-497, 2005.

M. Laurence, J. C. Et-macui, and G. , Administrative Changes and Urban Population in China, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol.3, issue.3, pp.373-395, 1987.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1987.tb00165.x

D. Mahadevia, Policies towards Globalizing Cities. Globalisation Urban Reforms and Metropolitan Response, pp.25-67, 2003.

E. J. Malecki, Growth and Change in the Analysis of Rank???Size Distributions: Empirical Findings, Environment and Planning A, vol.10, issue.1, pp.41-52, 1980.
DOI : 10.1068/a120041

T. Mcgee, N. Ginsburg, B. Koppel, T. G. Et-mcgee, and . Honolulu, The mergence of Desakota Regions in Asia: expanding and hypothesis. The extended metropolis: settlement transition in, pp.3-25, 1991.

I. Milbert, Les villes indiennes au c??ur de la lib??ralisation de l'??conomie, Tiers-Monde, vol.42, issue.165, pp.175-187, 2001.
DOI : 10.3406/tiers.2001.1474

I. Milbert and F. Landy, Ahmedabad. Dictionnaire de l'Inde contemporaine, pp.31-32, 2010.

P. Minxin and M. Et-pei, China's trapped transition: The limits of developmental autocracy, 2009.

G. Montinola, Y. Qian, and B. R. Et-weingast, Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China, World Politics, vol.49, issue.01, pp.50-81, 1995.
DOI : 10.1353/wp.1995.0003

F. Moriconi-ebrard, L'Urbanisation du Monde depuis 1950, 1993.

F. Moriconi-ebrard, Géopolis, Pour comparer les villes du monde, 1994.

P. Mukhopadhyay and K. C. Et-pradhan, District level patterns of urbanisation in India, p.24, 2012.

C. D. Pak, The special economics zones of China and their impact on its economic development, 1997.

G. Palanithurai, Dynamics of New Panchayati Raj System in India: Panchayati raj and multi-level planning, 2002.

F. Paulus, Coévolution dans les systèmes de villes: croissance et spécialisation des aires urbaines françaises de 1950 à, 2000.

X. Peng, Demographic Consequences of the Great Leap Forward in China's Provinces, Population and Development Review, vol.13, issue.4, pp.639-670, 1987.
DOI : 10.2307/1973026

D. Perkins, Completing China's Move to the Market, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.8, issue.2, pp.23-46, 1994.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.8.2.23

M. Polèse, L'urbanisation des pays en développement, 1995.

S. H. Potter, The Position of Peasants in Modern China's Social Order, Modern China, vol.9, issue.4, pp.465-499, 1983.
DOI : 10.1177/009770048300900404

K. C. Pradhan, Unacknowledged Urbanisation: The New Census Towns in India, p.24, 2012.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.24798

Y. Prost, Le nationalisme anti-occidental, Études, vol.11, pp.452-462, 2008.

D. Pumain, La Dynamique des villes, 1982.

D. Pumain, Pour une th??orie ??volutive des villes, Espace g??ographique, vol.26, issue.2, pp.119-134, 1997.
DOI : 10.3406/spgeo.1997.1063

D. Pumain, Les mod??les d???auto-organisation et le changement urbain, Cahiers de g??ographie du Qu??bec, vol.42, issue.117, pp.349-366, 1998.
DOI : 10.7202/022762ar

URL : http://www.erudit.org/revue/cgq/1998/v42/n117/022762ar.pdf

D. Pumain, Les formes des systèmes de villes : dynamique ou évolution ? Première journée Complexité, 2003.

D. Pumain, Lois d'échelle et mesure des inégalités en géographie, Revue européenne des sciences sociales, pp.55-65, 2007.
DOI : 10.4000/ress.193

URL : http://ress.revues.org/pdf/193

D. Pumain, Une Théorie Géographique Pour La Loi De Zipf, Region et Developpement, vol.36, pp.31-54, 2012.

D. Pumain and F. Et-moriconi-ebrard, City size distributions and metropolisation, GeoJournal, vol.43, issue.4, pp.307-314, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006833025206

D. Pumain, T. Paquot, and R. Et-kleinschmager, Dictionnaire la ville et l'urbain, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00568019

D. Pumain, F. Paulus, and C. Et-vacchiani-marcuzzo, Innovation Cycles and Urban Dynamics, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4020-9663-1_9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01201544

D. Pumain, F. Paulus, C. Vacchiani-marcuzzo, and J. Et-lobo, Une th??orie ??volutive pour expliquer les lois d'??chelle dans les syst??mes de villes, Cybergeo, vol.343, 2006.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.2519

D. Pumain and T. Et-saint-julien, Fonctions et hiérarchie des villes françaises Annales de géographie, Société de géographie, pp.385-440, 1976.

D. Pumain and T. Et-saint-julien, Les dimensions du changement urbain, Mémoires et Documents. CNRS. Paris, 1978.

J. Querci, Le système urbain indien au 20ème siècle, p.106, 2010.

J. L. Racine, Où en est la Chine? Transcontinentales. Sociétés, idéologies, système mondial, pp.5-12, 2006.

J. L. Racine, Le Cachemire??: une g??opolitique himalayenne, H??rodote, vol.107, issue.4, pp.17-45, 2002.
DOI : 10.3917/her.107.0017

URL : http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=HER_107_0017

R. Ramachandran, Urbanization and urban systems in India, 2011.

V. Rao, Slum as theory: the South/Asian city and globalization, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol.30, issue.1, pp.225-257, 2006.
DOI : 10.1215/01642472-22-4_81-9

T. G. Rawski, Economic growth in prewar China Berkeley, 1989.

E. Reclus, The evolution of cities, The Contemporary Review of Industrial Economics, vol.67, issue.2, pp.246-264, 1895.

W. J. Reed, The Pareto, Zipf and other power laws, Economics Letters, vol.74, issue.1, pp.15-19, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00524-9

A. Reynaud, Une géohistoire: la Chine des printemps et des automnes, 1992.

J. Reynaud, Villes. Encyclopédie nouvelle, pp.670-687, 1884.

M. C. Robic, Notes on the Notion of Scale in French Geography at the End of the Nineteenth Century and the Beginning of the Twentieth, Cybergeo, 2004.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.3961

J. L. Rocca, Une sociologie de la Chine, 2010.

K. T. Rosen and M. Et-resnick, The size distribution of cities: An examination of the Pareto law and primacy, Journal of Urban Economics, vol.8, issue.2, pp.165-186, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0094-1190(80)90043-1

C. Rozenblat and D. Et-pumain, Firm linkages, innovation and the evolution of urban systems. Cities in globalization: practices, policies and theories, 2007.

T. Saint-julien and D. Et-pumain, Fonctions strat??giques et images des villes, Economie et statistique, vol.294, issue.1, pp.127-135, 1996.
DOI : 10.3406/estat.1996.6090

T. Saint-julien and D. Et-pumain, Fonctions strat??giques et images des villes, Economie et statistique, vol.294, issue.1, pp.127-135, 1996.
DOI : 10.3406/estat.1996.6090

T. Sanjuan, Qu'est-ce qu'une population urbaine en Chine? L'exemple du delta de la rivière des Perles en Chine (province du Guangdong), Géographie et Cultures. Paris, vol.19, pp.33-49, 1996.

T. Sanjuan, A l'ombre de Hong Kong, 1997.

T. Sanjuan, La Chine : Territoire et société, 2000.

T. Sanjuan, . Pékin, H. Shanghai, and . Kong, Trois destins de villes dans l'espace chinois, Faguo hanxue, vol.9, pp.366-397, 2001.
DOI : 10.3917/her.101.0153

T. Sanjuan, . Pékin, H. Shanghai, and . Kong, Trois destins de villes dans l'espace chinois, Faguo hanxue, vol.9, pp.366-397, 2005.
DOI : 10.3917/her.101.0153

S. Sassen, Cities in a World Economy, 2000.

S. E. Sassen, Global Networks, Linked cities, 2002.

A. Schaffar, Regional income inequality and urbanisation trends in china: 1978-2005, Revue Région et développement, vol.28, pp.87-110, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00924601

A. Schaffar, On Zipf's law : Testing over China's and India's city-size distribution, 2009.

A. Schaffar, Quelle est la nature de la croissance urbaine indienne ?, Revue d'??conomie du d??veloppement, vol.18, issue.2, pp.101-120, 2010.
DOI : 10.3917/edd.242.0101

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00924609

C. Schmitt and D. Et-pumain, Agent-based Modelography of the simulation of society??- environment interactions and the emergence of cities, Cybergeo, 2013.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.25900

A. Segal, Digital dragon: high-technology enterprises in China, 2003.

A. Sen, Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/0198284632.001.0001

A. Shaw, Emerging Patterns of Urban Growth in India, Economic and Political Weekly, vol.341617, pp.969-978, 1999.

A. Shaw, Peri-urban interface of Indian cities: growth, governance and local initiatives, Economic and Political Weekly, pp.129-136, 2005.

A. Shaw and M. K. Satish, Metropolitan restructuring in post-liberalized India: Separating the global and the local, Cities, vol.24, issue.2, pp.148-163, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2006.02.001

J. Shen, Rural development and rural to urban migration in China 1978???1990, Geoforum, vol.26, issue.4, pp.395-409, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7185(95)00044-5

J. Sion, Les populations de l'Inde d'apr??s les derniers recensements, Annales de G??ographie, vol.35, issue.196, pp.330-351, 0196.
DOI : 10.3406/geo.1926.8469

URL : http://doi.org/10.3406/geo.1926.8495

K. Sivaramakrishnan and . Singh, Handbook of Urbanization in India, 2007.

K. C. Sivaramakrishnan, Re-visioning Indian cities: The urban renewal mission, 2011.
DOI : 10.4135/9788132107859

K. C. Sivaramakrishnan, P. Mukhopadhyay, and C. Et-partha, Special Economic Zones: Promise, Performance and Pending Issues. Working Paper, 2009.

G. W. Skinner, Cities and the hierarchy of local systems, Stanford CA, 1978.

E. S. Steinfeld, Forging reform in China: the fate of state-owned industry, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511625831

Y. Sun, Determinants of foreign patents in China, World Patent Information, vol.25, issue.1, pp.27-37, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0172-2190(02)00086-8

J. Svejnar, China in light of the performance of Central and East European economies, p.41, 2007.

E. Swerts, Etude de l'évolution de la surface du bâti urbain des villes chinoises entre, 1980.

E. Swerts and D. Et-pumain, Une méthode d'évaluation de la taille des villes chinoises, Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography, 2010.

E. Swerts and D. Et-pumain, Approche statistique de la coh??sion territoriale???: le syst??me de villes en Inde, Espace g??ographique, vol.42, issue.1, pp.1-2013, 2013.
DOI : 10.3917/eg.421.0077

URL : http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=EG_421_0077

E. Swerts, D. Pumain, and E. Denis, The future of India's urbanization, Futures, vol.56, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.futures.2013.10.008

K. C. Tan, Revitalized Small Towns in China, Geographical Review, vol.76, issue.2, pp.138-148, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/214620

B. Taunay, Le tourisme intérieur chinois, 2011.
DOI : 10.4000/echogeo.13190

URL : http://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.13190

J. H. Taylor, J. G. Lengellé, and C. Et-andrew, Capital Cities/Les Capitales: International Perspectives/Perspectives Internationales, 1993.

V. Tewari, Managing urban infrastructure and services in India, p.255, 2011.

I. B. Thompson, A Geographical Appraisal of Recent Trends in the Coal Basin of Northern France, Geography, vol.50, issue.3, pp.252-260, 1965.

S. Tyler, Household energy use and environment in Asian cities: An introduction, Energy, vol.19, issue.5, pp.503-508, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0360-5442(94)90046-9

C. Vacchiani-marcuzzo, Mondialisation et système de villes: les entreprises étrangères et l'évolution des agglomérations sud-africaines Université Panthéon-Sorbonne-Paris I, Thèse de Doctorat, 2005.

A. Valeyre, La mesure de la spécialisation régionale et de la concentration sectorielle de l'emploi: application à l'emploi industriel de 1962 à 1975, C. d. é. d, vol.1, 1984.

A. Valeyre, Mesures de dissemblance et d'inégalité interrégionales: principes, formes et propriétés, Economie Régionale et Urbaine, vol.1, pp.17-53, 1993.

A. Varel, Bangalore Dictionnaire de l'Inde contemporaine, p.68, 2010.

P. Veltz, Mondialisation, Villes et Territoires, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00438904

J. Véron, L'urbanisation indienne, Population, I.N.E.D, vol.42, issue.3, pp.485-502, 1901.

K. R. Walker, Chinese agriculture during the period of the reajustment, 1978-83, China Quarterly, vol.100, p.29, 1984.

I. Wang, Urbanization in Manchuria, 1907-40. International Geography, pp.850-852, 1972.

Y. P. Wang, Urban Housing Reform and Finance in China: A Case Study of Beijing, Urban Affairs Review, vol.36, issue.5, pp.620-645, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/10780870122185028

Y. P. Wang and A. Et-murie, Commercial Housing Development in Urban China, Urban Studies, vol.20, issue.2, pp.1475-1494, 1999.
DOI : 10.1080/0042098992881

Z. Wei and Z. Et-cui, FDI and Manufacturing Agglomeration in China: Evidence of 20 Industries, Economic Research Journal, vol.11, issue.010, 2007.

M. Wen, Relocation and agglomeration of Chinese industry, Journal of Development Economics, vol.73, issue.1, pp.329-347, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.04.001

G. B. West, J. H. Brown, and B. J. Et-enquist, A General Model for the Origin of Allometric Scaling Laws in Biology, Science, vol.276, issue.5309, pp.122-126, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.276.5309.122

G. B. West, J. H. Brown, and B. J. Et-enquist, The Fourth Dimension of Life: Fractal Geometry and Allometric Scaling of Organisms, Science, vol.284, issue.5420, pp.1677-1679, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.284.5420.1677

F. Wu, Landscape in Metropolitan Guangzhou, China, Urban Studies, vol.35, issue.2, pp.259-283, 1998.

F. Wu, Sociospatial Differentiation in Urban China: Evidence from Shanghai's Real Estate Markets, Environment and Planning A, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1591-1616, 2002.
DOI : 10.1068/a34196

Z. Xu, Economie d'agglomération : taille, 2005.

Z. Xu, Urbanisation et croissance des villes en Chine, Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion, p.247, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266936

Z. Xu and N. Et-zhu, Urban Growth Determinants in China, Chinese Economy, vol.41, issue.1, pp.7-35, 2008.
DOI : 10.2753/CES1097-1475410101

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00276228

Z. Xu and N. Et-zhu, City Size Distribution in China: Are Large Cities Dominant?, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.46, issue.10, pp.2159-2185, 2009.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2403830

D. L. Yang, China Adjusts to the World Economy: The Political Economy of China's Coastal Development Strategy, Pacific Affairs, pp.42-64, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/2760362

L. Yanjun, Structures, calligraphie, architecture, ville, espace. Dans la ville chinoise -Regards sur les mutations d'un empire, 2008.

S. Yao and C. Et-wu, A special form of the urbanization of China's rural population-An exploratory discussion of China's peasant-worker population, Dili Xuebao, vol.37, pp.155-163, 1982.

A. G. Yeh, J. Xu, and K. Et-liu, China's post-reform urbanization: retrospect, policies and trends. Urbanization and Emerging Population, Human Settlements Group, 2011.

Y. M. Yeung, J. Lee, and G. Et-kee, China's Special Economic Zones at 30, Eurasian Geography and Economics, vol.50, issue.2, pp.222-240, 2009.
DOI : 10.2747/1539-7216.50.2.222

Y. Lin, J. Cai, F. Li, and Z. , Lessons of China's Transition to a Market Economy, Cato J, vol.16, p.201, 1996.

L. Yong and C. Et-lili, The Experimental Analysis of Development Trend of Concentration and Centralization of Manufacturing of China, Statistical Research, vol.8, issue.004, 2005.

J. Yu, C. Zhao, and L. Et-ming, Industry Agglomeration in China: Economic Geography, New Economic Geography and Policy, Economic Research Journal, vol.4, pp.79-89, 2006.

J. Zhang and Y. Et-cai, Urbanization in China today. Redefining "Urban": A new way to measure metropolitan area, OCDE, pp.91-113, 2012.

L. Zhang and X. B. Et-zhao, Re-examining China's ???Urban??? Concept and the Level of Urbanization, The China Quarterly, vol.154, pp.330-381, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S030574100000206X

T. S. Zhang, J. S. Liang, and J. P. Et-song, Study on the concentration and dispersion of China's manufacturing at provincial level, Economic Geography, vol.3, pp.315-319, 2005.

X. B. Zhao, Provincial Industrial Agglomeration in China: Difference on the Patterns and Causes, Review of Industrial Economics, 2009.

P. Zhou and L. Et-leydesdorff, The emergence of China as a leading nation in science, Research Policy, vol.35, issue.1, pp.83-104, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.006

P. Zhou and L. Et-leydesdorff, China ranks second in scientific publications since, International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics Newsletter, pp.123456789-123456798, 2006.

Y. Zhou, The inside story of China's high-tech industry: Making Silicon Valley in Beijing, 2008.

Y. Zhou and L. Ma, China's Urban Population Statistics: A Critical Evaluation, Eurasian Geography and Economics, vol.46, issue.4, pp.272-289, 2005.
DOI : 10.2747/1538-7216.46.4.272

N. Zhu, The impacts of income gaps on migration decisions in China, China Economic Review, vol.13, issue.2-3, pp.213-230, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-951X(02)00074-3

G. Zipf, Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort, Press, C. M. A. W. TABLE DES MATIERES, 1949.

.. La-ville-en-chine:-une-entité-administrative-et-politique, 42 1.2 ? a : En Chine, la ville apparaît à tous les échelons administratifs, p.46

L. Shi and .. , L'échelon des districts, des préfectures et des provinces, p.51

.. En-chine, 67 2.1 : Construction de bases de données pour l'étude de l'urbanisation en Inde : Indiapolis et IndianCensus, Chapitre 2 -Des bases de données complémentaires pour l'étude de l'urbanisation en Inde et, p.71

.. 'inde, 1 ? a : Les sources disponibles pour l, p.72

V. Loi-de-zipf and .. , 99 3.1 : La distribution hiérarchique des villes chinoises et indiennes en 100 3.1 ? a : L'Inde et la Chine sont caractérisés par le poids important des petites villes, 105 3.1 ? b : L'Inde se singularise par une importante macrocéphalie, p.107, 2000.

L. Effets-structurants-d-'une-histoire-longue and .. , 113 3.2 ? a : La trame urbaine actuelle est le fruit de l'histoire ancienne de l

L. Dynamiques-récentes-des-systèmes-indien-et-chinois and .. , 126 3.3 ? a : En Inde, le XXe siècle est marqué par la Hiérarchisation des villes et l'émergence de grandes métropoles, p.132