Contributions of Space Missions to Better Tsunami Science: Observations, Models and Warnings
H. Hébert
(1)
,
G. Occhipinti
(2)
,
F. Schindelé
(1)
,
A. Gailler
(1)
,
B. Pinel-Puysségur
(1)
,
H. Gupta
(3)
,
Lucie Rolland
(4)
,
P. Lognonné
(2)
,
F. Lavigne
(5)
,
E. Meilianda
(6)
,
Stoil Chapkanski
(5, 7)
,
F. Crespon
(8)
,
A. Paris
(1)
,
P. Heinrich
(1)
,
A. Monnier
(1)
,
A. Jamelot
(1)
,
D. Reymond
(1)
1
LDG -
Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA)
2 IPGP (UMR_7154) - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
3 NGRI - National Geophysical Research Institute [Hyderabad]
4 GEOAZUR 7329 - Géoazur
5 LGP - Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
6 TDMRC - Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center
7 Archéorient - ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
8 NOVELTIS [Sté]
2 IPGP (UMR_7154) - Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
3 NGRI - National Geophysical Research Institute [Hyderabad]
4 GEOAZUR 7329 - Géoazur
5 LGP - Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
6 TDMRC - Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center
7 Archéorient - ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
8 NOVELTIS [Sté]
Lucie Rolland
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 184256
- IdHAL : lucie-rolland
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5197-963X
P. Lognonné
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1190117
- IdHAL : philippe-lognonne
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1014-920X
- IdRef : 070462100
F. Lavigne
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 10779
- IdHAL : franck-lavigne
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1320-9765
Stoil Chapkanski
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 183638
- IdHAL : stoil-chapkanski
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1117-2305
Résumé
Most tsunamis occur after large submarine earthquakes, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. However, following the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, tsunami hazard awareness was significantly raised at the global scale, and warning systems were developed in many other regions, where large tsunamis are rarer but can also produce large catastrophes. Here we first review the basic physics of a tsunami, from its triggering to its coastal impact, and we offer a review of the geophysical and sea-level data that can describe the various processes operating during a tsunami. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data have a key role in better describing the ground deformation following a tsunamigenic earthquake close to the coast. The GNSS observations complement seismological data to constrain the rupture model rapidly and robustly. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) also contributes to this field, as well as optical imagery, relevant to monitoring elevation changes following subaerial landslides. The observation of the sea-level variations, in the near field and during the propagation across the ocean, can also increasingly benefit from GNSS data (from GNSS buoys) and from robust satellite communication: pressure gauges anchored on the seafloor in the deep ocean contribute to warning systems only by data continuously transmitted through satellites. The sounding of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) variations through GNSS, altimetry, or a ground-based airglow camera, is a promising way to record tsunami initiation and propagation indirectly. Finally, GNSS, optical and SAR imagery are essential to map and quantify the damage following tsunami flooding. Satellite data are expected to contribute more to operational systems in the future provided they are reliably available and analysed in real time.
Format du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
Contributions of Space Missions to Better Tsunami Science: Observations, Models and Warnings
|
Résumé |
en
Most tsunamis occur after large submarine earthquakes, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. However, following the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, tsunami hazard awareness was significantly raised at the global scale, and warning systems were developed in many other regions, where large tsunamis are rarer but can also produce large catastrophes. Here we first review the basic physics of a tsunami, from its triggering to its coastal impact, and we offer a review of the geophysical and sea-level data that can describe the various processes operating during a tsunami. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data have a key role in better describing the ground deformation following a tsunamigenic earthquake close to the coast. The GNSS observations complement seismological data to constrain the rupture model rapidly and robustly. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) also contributes to this field, as well as optical imagery, relevant to monitoring elevation changes following subaerial landslides. The observation of the sea-level variations, in the near field and during the propagation across the ocean, can also increasingly benefit from GNSS data (from GNSS buoys) and from robust satellite communication: pressure gauges anchored on the seafloor in the deep ocean contribute to warning systems only by data continuously transmitted through satellites. The sounding of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) variations through GNSS, altimetry, or a ground-based airglow camera, is a promising way to record tsunami initiation and propagation indirectly. Finally, GNSS, optical and SAR imagery are essential to map and quantify the damage following tsunami flooding. Satellite data are expected to contribute more to operational systems in the future provided they are reliably available and analysed in real time.
|
Auteur(s) |
H. Hébert
1
, G. Occhipinti
2
, F. Schindelé
1
, A. Gailler
1
, B. Pinel-Puysségur
1
, H. Gupta
3
, Lucie Rolland
4
, P. Lognonné
2
, F. Lavigne
5
, E. Meilianda
6
, Stoil Chapkanski
5, 7
, F. Crespon
8
, A. Paris
1
, P. Heinrich
1
, A. Monnier
1
, A. Jamelot
1
, D. Reymond
1
1
LDG -
Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (CEA)
( 9658 )
- CEA Bruyères Le Chatel DAM/DIF/LDG 91297 Arpajon
- France
2
IPGP (UMR_7154) -
Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
( 1005035 )
- 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05 et Bât. Lamarck A case postale 7011, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13
- France
3
NGRI -
National Geophysical Research Institute [Hyderabad]
( 506518 )
- Hyderabad, Telangana, India,
- Inde
4
GEOAZUR 7329 -
Géoazur
( 239385 )
- 250 rue Albert Einstein, Sophia Antipolis 06560 VALBONNE
- France
5
LGP -
Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels
( 1343 )
- 2 rue Henri Dunant
94320 Thiais
- France
6
TDMRC -
Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center
( 1066826 )
- Syiah Kuala University, Jalan Prof.
Dr. Ibrahim Hasan, Ulee Lheue, Kecamatan Meuraxa, Banda Aceh 23232
- Indonésie
7
Archéorient -
ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
( 619 )
- Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean-Pouilloux 7 rue Raulin 69365 LYON Cedex 07
- France
8
NOVELTIS [Sté]
( 73678 )
- France
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2020-11
|
Volume |
41
|
Numéro |
6
|
Page/Identifiant |
1535-1581
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Projet(s) ANR |
|
Projet(s) Européen(s) |
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10712-020-09616-2 |
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