Toward a new analytical model in archaeology of roads and paths
Vers un nouveau modèle analytique en archéologie routière
Résumé
Toward a new analytical model in archaeology of roads and paths
In recent years, the analysis of resilience processes in regional road itineraries has evidenced the significance of non-monumental long-distance roads in the structuring of settlements and land parcelling. The analyses carried out in the framework of the PCR Dynamique et Résilience des réseaux routiers en région Ile-de-France (Dynarif) have demonstrated that these itineraries, little or not materially built altogether, are indeed likely to be taken into consideration in the phase of archaeological surveys. Yet they are seldom excavated and registered in national heritage databases. The historiographical recontextualization of the ancient road model, inherited from Nicolas Bergier's History of the Great Roads of the Roman Empire (1622), allows to better understand the origin of such reservations. It exposes how necessary it is to tap into other conceptual fields that focus on the analysis of circulations rather than searching for predefined road objects. In Dynarif, data from preventive archaeology were systematically compared and articulated with archaeogeographic analysis. An analytical model based on circulation patterns and taking into account how they were invested - rather than how they were shaped - allows for intoducing a wider array of road objects into the archaeological debate.
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