. Abdel-rahman-hm and . Anas-a, Handbook of regional and urban economics, Cities and geography, vol.4, pp.2293-2340, 2004.

. Anas-a, A response to the guest editorial: economics as the science for urban modelling, Environment and planning B, vol.40, pp.955-958, 2013.

. Batty-m, Cities and complexity: Understanding Cities with cellular automata, agent-based models, and fractals, 2005.

A. Bierlaire-m, R. Palma, P. Hurtubia, and . Waddell, Integrated Transport and Land Use Modeling for Sustainable Cities, vol.280, 2015.

, The handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography, 2010.

R. Boschma and K. Frenken, Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geography, Journal of Economic Geography, vol.6, pp.273-302, 2006.

J. K. Brueckner, Urban sprawl: Lessons from urban economics. Brookings-Wharton papers on urban affairs, pp.65-97, 2001.

. Caruso-g, G. Vuidel, J. Cavailhès, P. Frankhauser, . Peeters-d et al., Morphological similarities between DBM and a microeconomic model of sprawl, Journal of Geographical Systems, vol.13, issue.1, pp.31-48, 2011.

G. Caruso, D. Peeters, J. Cavailhès, and M. Rounsevell, Spatial configurations in a periurban city. A cellular automata based micro economic model, Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol.37, pp.542-567, 2007.

C. Marchionni and P. Ylikoski, Generative Explanation and Individualism in Agent-Based Simulation, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, vol.43, issue.3, pp.323-340, 2013.

R. Cervero, Built environments and mode choice: towards a normative framework, Transportation Research Part D, vol.7, issue.4, pp.265-284, 2002.

P. C. Cheshire and G. Gornostaeve, Villes et régions urbaines: des comparaisons fiables doivent reposer sur des territories comparables, Les Cahiers de l'IAURIF, vol.135, pp.13-32, 2002.

B. De-borger, S. Proost, and K. Van-dender, Private port pricing and public investment in port and hinterland capacity, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, vol.42, issue.3, pp.527-561, 2008.

L. A. De and . Barra-t, Integrated land use and transport modelling, 1989.

. H. Derycke-p, . M. Huriot-j, and . Pumain-d, Penser la ville. Théorie et modèles, 1996.

T. I. Dujardin-c and . Tulkens-h, Quelles frontières pour Bruxelles? Une mise à jour. Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique, vol.46, pp.155-176, 2007.

F. Durand-dastès, Actes du 6° colloque de Didactiques de l'histoire de la géographie, des sciences sociales, pp.207-216, 1991.

M. Echenique, A. Flowerdew, J. Hunt, T. Mayo, I. Skidmore et al., The Meplan model of Bilbao, Transport Reviews, vol.10, issue.4, pp.309-322, 1990.

X. Gabaix, Zipf's Law and the Growth of Cities, American Economic Review, vol.89, issue.2, pp.129-132, 1999.

S. L. Handy, M. G. Boarnet, R. Ewing, and R. E. Killingsworth, How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning, American journal of preventive medicine, vol.23, issue.2, pp.64-73, 2002.

C. S. Hay, Neither real nor fictitious but 'as if real': A political ontology of the state, British Journal of Sociology, issue.3, pp.459-480, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02186425

. Hegel, Encyclopaedia of the philosophical sciences, Logic, 1830.

J. Henderson and . Vernon, The sizes and types of cities. The American Economic Review, pp.640-656, 1974.

G. M. Hodgson, VERIF, Meanings of Methodological Individualism, Journal of Economic Methodology, vol.14, issue.2, pp.211-237, 2007.

E. Holm, U. Lindgren, K. Holme, K. Mäkilä, . Jones-j et al., Is cities delineation a pre requisite for urban modelling? The example of land price determinants in Brussels, p.716, 2002.

J. Jones, . Peeters-d, and . Thomas-i, Scale effect in a LUTI model of Brussels: challenges for policy evaluation, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research (EJTIR), vol.17, issue.1, pp.103-131, 2017.

J. Jones, . Thomas-i, and . Peeters-d, Forecasting employment location choices by Discrete Choice Models: A sensitivity analysis to scale and implications for LUTI models, vol.2, pp.67-93, 2015.

R. Kitchin, Big data and human geography: Opportunities, challenges and risks, Dialogues Hum. Geogr, vol.3, pp.262-267, 2013.

P. Krugmam, Confronting the Mystery of Urban Hierarchy, Journal of the Japanese and international Economies, vol.10, pp.399-418, 1996.

D. B. Lee-jr, Requiem for large-scale models, Journal of the American Institute of Planners, vol.39, issue.3, pp.163-178, 1973.

C. List and . Spiekermann, Methodological individualism and holism in political science: a reconciliation, American Political Science Review, vol.107, pp.629-643, 2013.

H. Miller, Geographic information science II : Mesogeography : Social physics, GIScience and the quest for geographic knowledege, Progress in Human Geography, vol.42, issue.4, pp.600-609, 2018.

H. Miller and . Goodchild-m, Data-driven geography, vol.80, pp.449-461, 2015.

J. B. Parr, Spatial definition of the city: four perspectives, Urban Studies, vol.44, issue.2, pp.381-392, 2007.

P. Hedström and P. Ylikoski, Causal Mechanisms in the Social Sciences, vol.36, pp.49-67, 2010.

. Pumain-d, Hierarchy in natural and social sciences, 2006.

D. Pumain, L. Sanders, A. Bretagnolle, B. Glisse, and H. Mathian, The future of urban systems: exploratory models in Lane, van der, Complexity perspectives on innovation and social change, pp.331-359, 2009.

L. Sanders, J. Favaro, H. Mathian, D. Pumain, and B. Glisse, Intelligence artificielle et agents collectifs : le modèle EUROSIM », 2007.

M. Saujot, M. De-lapparent, E. Arnaud, and E. Prados, Making land use-Transport models operational tools for planning: From a top-down to an end-user approach, Transport Policy, vol.49, pp.20-29, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01402863

R. K. Sawyer, Nonreductive Individualism. Part I -Supervenience and Wild Disjunction, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, vol.32, issue.4, pp.537-559, 2002.

H. A. Simon, On a class of skew distribution functions, Biometrika, vol.42, pp.425-440, 1955.

B. Smith and A. C. Varzi, Fiat and bona fide boundaries, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol.60, pp.401-420, 2000.

M. Storper, Urban systems: the geography of income and population (PPT), Colloquium ERC, Theories and Models of Urbanization, p.13, 2017.

C. Tannier and . Thomas-i, Defining and characterizing urban boundaries: A fractal analysis of theoretical and real Belgian cities, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol.41, pp.234-248, 2013.

T. I. Cotteels, C. Jones-j, and P. D. , Revisiting the extension of the Brussels urban agglomeration: new methods, new data ? new results? E-Belgeo, 2012.

T. I. Jones, J. Caruso-g, and . Gerber-p, City delineation in LUTI models: review and tests, Transportation Reviews, vol.38, issue.1, pp.6-32, 2018.

L. Udehn, The Changing Face of Methodological Individualism, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.28, pp.479-507, 2002.

C. Vacchiani-marcuzzo, Is the South African urban system apart? Assessment of an Urban Hybridity, Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2016.

P. Waddell, UrbanSim: Modeling Urban Development for Land Use, Transportation and Environmental Planning, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol.68, issue.3, pp.297-314, 2002.

P. Wagner and M. Wegener, Urban Land Use, Transport and Environment Models, 2007.

, Experiences with an Integrated Microscopic Approach, disP, vol.170, pp.45-56

M. Wegener, (eds) Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate, Transport Reviews, pp.117-135, 2011.