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S. Firzli and ;. Pickard, To date, the main sites of state-backed infrastructure bonds are municipalities in the United States, the World Bank in Brazil, and the national governments of Britain, Canada, and Australia. For example, the British state has been toying with the possibility of issuing, 2016.

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, The funding models are different in Scotland and Northern Ireland

, Notable for the propositions we are making about state and markets and leverage, Living Cities operates a Catalyst Fund which, "by providing loans that are combined with loans from other Living Cities members to enable the creative use of debt to further program activities and leverage grant and private sector loan funds

, These interventions also blur the boundaries between the state, civil society, and markets

, We acknowledge Bob Meister who first posed to us this dark potential