,
, Servais of Mont-Saint-Eloi, Quodl. IV, q. 40 (transcription by Leclercq in, "L'idéal du théologien," pp. 129-30, and partially by Wei in "Self-Image of Masters, pp.41-47
, Quodl. XIV, q, vol.12, pp.569-570, 1518.
, See Servais of Mont-Saint-Eloi, Quodl. IV, p.40
,
, , vol.18, p.340
,
, Les éléments historiques des IVe et VIe Quodlibets de Gérard dAbbeville, vol.58, pp.199-201
, , pp.201-205
, For which the "king of the Tartars" is substituted in 1268
, , vol.3, 1556.
, Illustrated by the Mongol campaigns against Russia and Hungary in 1241 and the invasion of Poland in 1259. 90 Who counted on Western cooperation for suppressing the resistance of the Mamelukes of Egypt
, , pp.186-193
, and 85-96; idem, La papauté et les missions d'Orient au Moyen Age (XIIIe-XVe siècles, Chrétiens et Mongols au concile: la papauté et les Mongols de Perse dans la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle" and "Les Mongols et l'Occident. Deux siècles de contacts, pp.31-44, 1977.
, Quodl. IV, q. 13, pp.199-200
, , 1976.
, De voto et voti redemptione, vol.3
, , vol.17, p.1
, Corpus iuris canonici, una cum glossis, v
, Extra, vol.3, issue.6
, Quodl. IV, q. 13, p.200
, Studies in Medieval Legal Thought. Public Law and the State, pp.266-274, 1964.
, Quodl. IV, q. 13, pp.200-201
,
, , p.204
,
,
, , vol.88, p.265, 1897.
,
, , pp.207-208
, Quodl. IV, vol.18, p.289, 1904.
, Contemporaries considered this constitution, which Gregory X added to the publication of the decrees of the Second Council of Lyons (1274), a properly pontifical norm; see Guillaume Durand, sacrosanctum concilium Lugdunense commentarius, p.231, 1932.
, , p.231
, Quodl. XIII, q. 7, pp.231-236
, Quodl. XIII, q. 7, p.232
, Quodl. XIII, q. 7, pp.232-235
, XIII, q. 5, p. 224; on the mendicant ideas, see notably Roberto Lambertini, Apologia e crescita dell'identità francescana, p.34, 1990.
, Quodl. XIII, q. 7, p.233
, , vol.16, p.73, 1288.
, Louvain 1932), p. 38; and especially Quodl. XII, q. 3 (1296-1297), See also Servais of Mont-Saint-Eloi, Quodl., q. 80 (1286), vol.17, pp.159-61, 1932.
, Quodl. IX, q. 22 (Lent 1286), pp.197-206, 1983.
, , pp.76-84, 1932.
, Studies in Early French Taxation, pp.47-49, 1939.
, Genèse de l'Etat moderne. Prélèvement et redistribution. Actes du Colloque de Fontevraud, p.8, 1987.
,
, Quodl. XI, q, vol.17, p.77
, Politics, pp.3-16
, Quodl. XI, vol.17, pp.76-83
, , p.77
, Quod omnes tangit, ab omnibus tractari et approbari debet, Revue Historique de Droit Français et Etranger, vol.36, p.223, 1958.
, Quodl. XI, q, vol.17, p.77
, See Aristoteles latinus, Ethica Nicomachea, p.142
,
, Quodl. XI, issue.7, p.77
,
, , p.199, 1979.
, of six sous tournois per hearth for six years, vol.17, pp.77-85
, ) and whose enactment seems to have provoked Godfrey to reaffirm the principles of lay norm production (according to this theory, Quodlibet XI would not be before Lent, vol.1296, p.333
, Quodl. XII, q. 9, pp.114-132, 1932.
, Gian Domenico Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, vol.26, 1903.
, Quodl. XII, q, vol.9, p.115
, A term that, until the end of the end of the Middle Ages, designated every userer who was neither Jew nor Italian (see Jean Favier, Dictionnaire du Moyen Age, p.198, 1993.
, Le crédit et les juifs dans la France du XIIIe siècle, Annales Economie Sociétés Civilisations, vol.24, pp.1121-1169, 1969.
, The expulsion of 1290 gave rise to the negotiation of a tax meant to compensate for the sovereign's loss of an important source of revenue; see Salo W. Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews. Late Middle Ages and Era of the European Expansion, He had expelled the Jews from Gascony in 1287, vol.12, p.235, 1967.
, With of a tax of three sous per hearth, to which assembly of prelates and nobles agreed; see Strayer, Studies in Early French Taxation, p.186, 1973.
, See Archives Historiques du Poitou, vol.44, p.227, 1923.
, , pp.226-233
, As in the preceding cases, it concerned a compensatory tax conceded by the inhabitants and agreed to by the lords, and not, as Jean Favier has written, about the price that the Jews had to pay in order to stay; see Favier, p.189, 1978.
, The first argument of the disputation is based exactly on the failure to apply the law (see Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. XII, q. 9, p.115
,
, There is a particularly clear formulation in Henry of Ghent, Quodl. I, q. 42, p.235
, De ordine 2. 4, (PL 32, 1000); Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. XII, q. 9, p.115
, Quodl. XII, q, vol.9, p.116
,
, Here Godfrey cited almost literally, but not explicitly, Aquinas' Summa theologiae, IIa IIae, q, vol.78, p.156, 1897.
, Quodl. XII, q, vol.9, p.117
, recruitment of a cleric less qualified overall, but more suited to manage the church because of his wisdom, power, or experience already gained in the service of that church. 186 By the same reasoning, in a later Quodlibet Aquinas 187 defends a cleric's ability to accumulate benefices even without a dispensation; from the moment the cleric "could, while absent, serve [a church] more or at least 180 The casus, a medieval inheritance from Roman law
, Le pouvoir législatif du roi de France (XIe-XIIIe siècles), vol.147, p.288, 1989.
, See Michèle Bégou-Davia, L'interventionnisme bénéficial de la papauté au XIIIe siècle. Les aspects juridiques, 1997.
,
, Quodl. VI, q. 9 and IX, q. 15; Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. XI, qq, pp.13-14
, By virtue of the law of nature, the prelate was obliged to confer the church on a person who would be useful to it, Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. XI, q. 13, vol.63, p.63, 1932.
, , vol.15, p.117, 1257.
, Quodl. XI, q, vol.14, p.67
, 16 405, f. 78vb; BAV, Vat. lat. 1015, ff, pp.110-111
, Economics in the Medieval Schools: Wealth, Exchange, Value, Money and Usury according to the Paris Theological Tradition, pp.1200-1350, 1992.
, Economics in the Medieval Schools, p.31
, An expression the canonists used to indicate hidden forms of usury and in particular deals that appeared licit, but in fact were tainted by usurious intent; see Terence McLaughlin, Mediaeval Studies, vol.1, p.95, 1939.
, Princes and Merchants. The Social Views of Peter the Chanter and his Circle, vol.1, p.273, 1970.
, , pp.231-232, 1979.
, , vol.3, p.910, 1986.
, Ethique à Nicomaque, translation and commentary by, pp.74-75, 1958.
, Economics in the Medieval Schools, p.27
, Quodl. VIII, q, vol.24, 1518.
, Quodl. XIV, q, vol.14, 1518.
, , vol.5, pp.1132-1157
, , p.221, 1979.
, Politics, 1258.
, , p.219, 1979.
, Louvain 1987), p. 206; the prologue is an introduction to Henry's economic thought, according to Langholm, Economics in the Medieval Schools, vol.22, p.254
, , pp.282-285, 1932.
, Extra, vol.5, p.34
, , pp.235-241, 1987.
, 210 Godfrey of Fontaines, ibid, Quodl. XIII, q, vol.14, p.285
, , p.284
,
,
, Quodl. VI, q. 25, p.229, 1987.
, , pp.222-252, 1932.
, Aquinas' determinations are much more concise and clearly less marked by citations; they follow above all a sequence of rational arguments. Henry of Ghent shows subtle casuistry and remarkable qualities of synthesis. Lastly, Godfrey of Fontaines' questions
, Henry's approach and doctrines, also show a strong influence of Aristotelian teachings. These the issue of tithes, for example, Gerard 223 and Henry 224 departed from the same principle from canon law according to which tithes were due on a 218 Godfrey of Fontaines, ibid, p.228
, , p.229
, 20: 12; see Gerard of Abbeville
, 16405, f. 117rb, Vat. lat. 1015, f. 119ra; Henry of Ghent, p.262, 1987.
, , pp.184-189
, Quodl. XVI, q, vol.9
, 14557, f. 136vb; BAV, Vat. lat. 1015, f. 92va
, , pp.203-207, 1985.
, Extra, vol.3, p.16
,
, , pp.203-207
, This quodlibetal question, dated to Advent 1290, echos another event that was at the time recent and known under the name "le Miracle des Billettes"; on this text, see Henry of Ghent, Quodl. XIV, q. 15, ed. and French trans. Elsa Marmursztejn in "Du récit exemplaire au casus universitaire: une variation théologique sur le thème de la profanation d'hosties par les juifs (1290), pp.51-63
, BNF lat. 16405, ff. 30va-33vb; idem, Quodl. XVI, q. 9, ibid., f. 115ra-rb, BNF lat. 14557, f. 136vb, BAV, Vat. lat. 1015, f. 92va; idem, Quodl. XII, q. 13, BNF lat. 16 405, ff. 88vb-89ra and Vat, pp.6-7
, Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. I, q. 16, pp.58-62, 1904.
, Thomas d'Aquin et les problèmes de morale pratique au XIIIe siècle, Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Théologiques, vol.83, pp.685-705, 1999.
,
, Reformulated from the twelfth century by canonists like Huguccio, 241 we find this distinction at the beginning of the thirteenth century in the circle of Peter the Cantor
, 1518), f. 145r. For the dominical precept, see Henry of Ghent, Quodl. I, q. 41, Quodl. IV, q, vol.2, pp.230-231, 1979.
,
,
, Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. I, q. 16, p.38, 1904.
, Summa decretorum ad d. a. Grat, vol.16, issue.1, p.38
, Summa, vol.13, p.42
, , p.531, 1968.
, One can follow the controversy over rent contracts in a dozen texts from the middle of the 1260s to the end of the 1280s. See Fabiano Veraja, Le origini della controversia teologica sul contratto di censo nel XIII secolo, 1960.
, Godfrey of Fontaines, Quodl. V, q. 14, pp.112-125, 1591.
, , pp.275-341