, These basic CAM verbs are not restricted in terms of the nature of the theme and allow animate, inanimate, handled and self-moving themes. Jiwa-?e 'bring' is oriented towards the deictic centre, while joy-?e 'take (somewhere)' is oriented towards a place that is not the deictic centre. For any motion verb, the goal can be expressed by an oblique phrase, which can also add a directional component to verbs denoting non-directional motion events. Oblique phrases can express any event participant that is not expressed as a core argument, but the goal reading is the default with motion verbs. The sSource, which are based on the roots jiwa-'come' and joy-'go', respectively

E. Movima, Manner-specific CAM verbs can be formed by attaching the applicative suffix to manner-specific motion verbs like 'run', but directionality is not included in the meaning of these verbs

, Movima also has a few non-directional verbs that lexicalize manner-specific caused motion, like 'carry' and 'pull'. To encode goal-oriented CAM expressions, these verbs would need to be combined with goal expressions; however, such examples are non-existent or very rare in the corpus. Thus, Movima tends to not combine manner and directionality of caused accompanied motion in the same clause

, Abbreviations = -(internal) cliticization; --external cliticization

, < > infixation; 1, 2, 3 = first, second

. Ab--absential,

. Agt--agentive,

, APPR -approaching

. Art--article,

, BE -bound nominal element

. Br--bound and . Root, CAUS -causative; CLF -classifier; CO -coparticipant

, DEM -demonstrative

. Det--determiner,

. Dr--direct,

, DSC -discontinuous; DISTdistal

. Dur--durative,

. Epist--epistemic,

. Ev--evidential,

, EVT -event

. F--feminine,

, HAB -habitual

, HOD -hodiernal past; HORT -hortative

. Imp--imperative,

, INSTR -instrument; INCL -inclusive

. Inv--inverse,

. Intr--intransitive,

, ITN -intentional

, LN -linking nasal; LOC -location

, LV -linking vowel

. M--masculine,

. Md--middle,

, MLT -multiple event

, MOV -moving

, N -non-human; NMZnominalization; NTR -neutral

. Obl--oblique,

. Obv--obviative,

. Ph--phasal,

, PL -plural; PRO -free pronoun

, REAS -reason; RED -reduplication

. Rel--relativizer,

, REM -remote past; RES -resultative

, RETR -retreating

, R/R -reflexive/reciprocal; SG -singular

, TRC -truncation; VBZverbalizer

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URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01012050

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URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00671200

K. Haude, Undergoer orientation in Movima, Ergativity, Valency and Voice, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00692077

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URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01188420

K. Haude, Grammatical relations in Movima: Alignment beyond semantic roles, Argument selectors: New perspectives on grammatical relations, pp.213-256, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02049736

J. E. Judy, Independent verbs in Movima, Anthropological Linguistics, vol.7, issue.7, pp.10-15, 1965.