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, Top 1% 5.60% $601,550 5.91% $, vol.616, p.17
, Top 10% 24.5% $253,982 25.9% $, vol.278, p.54
, Bottom 50% 32.6% $131,646 30.7% $121, p.803
, Top 1% 5.80% $675,303 6.11% $, vol.694, p.487
, Top 10% 25.5% $281,332 27.0% $, vol.307, p.907
, Bottom 50% 31.9% $136,625 30.1% $, vol.130, p.831
, Expenditure for K-12 education are total educational expenditure whereas expenditure for higher education are student oriented resources without grants and scholarships. Sources: Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances for K-12 education and IPEDS for Higher Education Mean spending $165, School Districts and 2010 colleges for the 1998 cohort, 2005-2017 School Districts and 2017 colleges for the 2005 cohort N.B, vol.130, p.551, 1998.
, Top 1% 5.59% $601,550 5.90% $, vol.619, p.136
, Top 10% 24.6% $255,050 25.9% $, vol.281, p.312
, Bottom 50% 32.3% $131,774 30.4% $, vol.123, p.23
, Top 1% 5.73% $684,598 6.04% $705, p.317
, Top 10% 25.4% $288,309 26.9% $, vol.315, p.478
, Bottom 50% 31.6% $139,623 29.6% $, vol.134, p.17
Expenditure for K-12 education are total educational expenditure whereas expenditure for higher education are student oriented resources with grants and scholarships. Sources: Annual Survey of State and Local, Among those that entered first grade in 2005, the bottom 50 percent of spending had spending between $, vol.134 ,
, Bottom 50% 35.0% $131,681 33.9% $, vol.123, p.158
, Bottom 10% 5.78% $100,872 5.36% $, vol.101, p.878
, Reading: Among those that entered first grade in 2005, the bottom 50 percent of tuition revenue had tuition revenue between $123,158 (hypothesis 2) and $, vol.131
Expenditure for K-12 education are total educational expenditure whereas expenditure for higher education tuition revenue divided by fall enrollment only. Sources: Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances for K-12 education and IPEDS for, Sample: 1970-1981 School Districts and 1980 colleges for the 1970 cohort; 1998-2005 School Districts and 2005 colleges for the 1998 cohort ,
, Top 10 % 15.7% $265,385 15.7% $, vol.265, p.385
, Bottom 10 % 7.70% $105,806 7.39% $105, p.806
Expenditure for K-12 education are total educational expenditure whereas expenditure for higher education are total expenditure (also include research expenditure) Sources: Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances for K-12 education and IPEDS for Higher Education Bottom 50% 42, vol.114, p.977 ,
, Bottom 10% 6.55% $56,237 7.15% $, vol.98, p.73
, Reading: In the 1970's, the top 10% of students for whom the most is spent have spending above $, vol.100
School districts with a constant coverage of districts (3,633 in the 1970's and 15,981 in the 1990's-2000's) Sources: Historical Finances of Individual Governments (IndFin) for 1967-1985 and Public Elementary-Secondary Education Finance Data for 1990-2016, US Census Bureau 11.2 Higher Education To study if the increase in inequalities, 1970. ,
, Top 10 % of students $12,307 $13,043 $14,968 $16, vol.426, p.196
, Sample: 1967-2016 school districts Sources: Historical Finances of Individual Governments (IndFin) for 1967-1985 and Public Elementary-Secondary Education Finance Data for, 1990.