G. A. Akerlof and R. E. Kranton, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.115, pp.715-753, 2000.

A. Alesina and N. Fuchs-schündeln, Good-Bye Lenin (or Not?): The Effect of Communism on People's Preferences, The American Economic Review, vol.97, pp.1507-1528, 2007.

A. Alesina, P. Giuliano, and N. Nunn, On the Origins of Gender Roles: Women and the Plough, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.128, pp.469-530, 2013.

Y. Algan and P. Cahuc, Inherited Trust and Growth, American Economic Review, vol.100, pp.2060-2092, 2010.

M. Anelli, K. Shih, and K. Williams, Foreign Peer Effects and STEM Major Choice, SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2983684, Social Science Research Network, 2017.

Q. Ashraf and O. Galor, The 'Out of Africa' Hypothesis, Human Genetic Diversity, and Comparative Economic Development, American Economic Review, vol.103, pp.1-46, 2013.

S. Bauernschuster and H. Rainer, Political regimes and the family: how sex-role attitudes continue to differ in reunified Germany, Journal of Population Economics, vol.25, pp.5-27, 2012.

A. Bisin and T. Verdier, of Handbook of Social Economics, The Economics of Cultural Transmission and Socialization, vol.1, pp.1570-6435, 2011.

F. D. Blau and L. M. Kahn, The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.55, pp.789-865, 2017.

M. Buckley, Women in the Soviet Union, Feminist Review, vol.8, pp.79-106, 1981.

T. Buser, M. Niederle, and H. Oosterbeek, Gender, Competitiveness, and Career Choices, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.129, pp.1409-1447, 2014.

P. Campa and M. Serafinelli, Politico-Economic Regimes and Attitudes: Female Workers under State Socialism, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.101, pp.233-248, 2018.

D. Card and J. Rothstein, Racial segregation and the black-white test score gap, Journal of Public Economics, vol.91, pp.2158-2184, 2007.

, Survey of Recipients of a First Degree From Institutions of Higher Education, vol.04, 2003.

, Development of the High-Tech Sector in Israel, 1995.

P. Chiappori, M. C. Dias, and C. Meghir, The Marriage Market, Labor Supply, and Education Choice, Journal of Political Economy, vol.126, pp.26-72, 2018.

P. Chiappori, B. Salanié, and Y. Weiss, Partner Choice, Investment in Children, and the Marital College Premium, American Economic Review, vol.107, pp.2109-2167, 2017.

Y. Cohen, Y. Haberfeld, and I. Kogan, Who went where? Jewish immigration from the Former Soviet Union to Israel, the USA and Germany, Israel Affairs, vol.17, pp.7-20, 1990.

L. P. Cooke, Persistent Policy Effects on the Division of Domestic Tasks in Reunified Germany, Journal of Marriage and Family, vol.69, pp.930-950, 2007.

P. Cortes and J. Pan, Occupation and Gender, The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy, 2018.

D. M. Cutler and E. L. Glaeser, Are Ghettos Good or Bad?, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.112, pp.827-872, 1997.

R. Fernández, Chapter 11 -Does Culture Matter?, 2011.

J. Benhabib, A. Bisin, and M. O. Jackson, , vol.1, pp.481-510

R. Fernández and A. Fogli, Culture: An Empirical Investigation of Beliefs, Work, and Fertility, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, vol.1, pp.146-177, 2009.

N. Friedman-sokuler and M. Justman, Gender streaming and prior achievement in high school science and mathematics, Economics of Education Review, vol.53, pp.230-253, 2016.

P. Giuliano, Living Arrangements in Western Europe: Does Cultural Origin Matter?, Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.5, pp.927-952, 2007.

C. Goldin, A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter, American Economic Review, vol.104, pp.1091-1119, 2014.

U. Goskomstat, Statistical yearbook of the USSR, 1988.

U. Goskomstat, Statistical yearbook of the USSR 1989, 1990.

E. D. Gould, V. Lavy, and M. D. Paserman, Does Immigration Affect the Long-Term Educational Outcomes of Natives? Quasi-Experimental Evidence, The Economic Journal, vol.119, pp.1243-1269, 2009.

L. R. Graham, Science in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History, 1993.

L. Görges and M. Beblo, Breaking down the wall between nature and nurture: An exploration of gendered work preferences in East and West Germany, Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development -Theory and Policy, 2015.

P. Grosjean, A History of Violence: The Culture of Honor and Homicide in the US South, Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.12, pp.1285-1316, 2014.

F. D. Haan, Women as the "motor of modern life": Women's work in Europe west and east since 1945, in Women and Gender in Postwar Europe, p.37, 2012.

C. Hoxby, Peer Effects in the Classroom: Learning from Gender and Race Variation, Working Paper, vol.7867, 2000.

A. Jarotschkin and E. Zhuravskaya, Diffusion of Gender Norms: Evidence from Stalin's Ethnic Deportations, SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3417682, Social Science Research Network, 2019.

M. Justman and S. J. Méndez, Gendered choices of STEM subjects for matriculation are not driven by prior differences in mathematical achievement, Economics of Education Review, 2018.

H. Kleven, C. Landais, and J. E. Søgaard, Children and Gender Inequality: Evidence from Denmark, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol.11, pp.181-209, 2019.

Q. Lippmann, A. Georgieff, and C. Senik, Undoing Gender with Institutions: Lessons from the German Division and Reunification, The Economic Journal, forthcoming, 2020.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01297653

Q. Lippmann and C. Senik, Math, girls and socialism, Journal of Comparative Economics, vol.46, pp.874-888, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01387272

C. F. Manski, Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.60, pp.531-542, 1993.

N. Nollenberger, N. Rodríguez-planas, and A. Sevilla, The Math Gender Gap: The Role of Culture, American Economic Review, vol.106, pp.257-61, 2016.

P. M. Orrenius and M. Zavodny, Does Immigration Affect Whether US Natives Major in Science and Engineering?, Journal of Labor Economics, vol.33, pp.79-108, 2015.

B. Rapoport and C. Thibout, Why do boys and girls make different educational choices? The influence of expected earnings and test scores, Economics of Education Review, vol.62, pp.205-229, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01781858

C. Riegle-crumb, B. King, E. Grodsky, and C. Muller, The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same? Prior Achievement Fails to Explain Gender Inequality in Entry Into STEM College Majors Over Time, American Educational Research Journal, vol.49, pp.1048-1073, 2012.

S. Schmitz and F. Weinhardt, Immigration and the Evolution of Local Cultural Norms, 2019.

E. Spolaore and R. Wacziarg, How Deep Are the Roots of Economic Development?, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.51, pp.325-369, 2013.

S. E. Turner and W. G. Bowen, Choice of Major: The Changing (Unchanging) Gender Gap, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol.52, pp.289-313, 1999.

B. A. Weinberg, Computer Use and the Demand for Female Workers, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol.53, pp.290-308, 2000.

S. L. Wolchik, Ideology and Equality: The Status of Women in Eastern and Western Europe, Comparative Political Studies, vol.13, pp.445-476, 1981.

S. L. Wolchik, Women and Work in Communist and Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe, in Women's Work And Women's Lives, 2019.