, Pastoral Nomadism and Colonial Mythology: The Beja of the Sudan, c. 1750-1881. » M.A. Dissertation. Madison (WI), 1980.
, Droits de succession et droits d'appartenance à Alger à l'époque moderne. » In Appartenance locale et propriété au nord et au sud de la Méditerranée, dirigé par Sami Bargaoui, Simona Cerutti et Isabelle Grangaud, Institut de recherches et d'études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans, 2015.
, « The Source-Materials of the Sudanese Mahdia. » Saint Antony's Papers -Middle Eastern Affairs, vol.4, pp.107-118, 1967.
, The Mahdist State in the Sudan: 1881-1898: A Study of its Origins, Development and Overthrow, 1958.
, « The Archives of the Mahdia, » Sudan Notes and Records, vol.36, issue.1, pp.71-80, 1955.
, Holy City on the Nile: Omdurman during the Mahdiyya, pp.1885-1898, 2010.
, Shar??a and the Islamic State in 19th-Century Sudan: The Mahd?'s Legal Methodology and Doctrine, 2016.
, The Legal Methodology of the Mahdi in the Sudan, vol.8, pp.37-66, 1997.
, Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity, 2002.
, « Fiscal and Monetary Systems in the Mahdist Sudan, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol.20, issue.3, pp.365-385, 1988.
, Slavery in the Sudan: History, Documents, and Commentary, 2013.
, Le conflit au Soudan-Est : se battre pour Saw?kin. » Mémoire de master, 2012.
, The Formation of the Sudanese Mahdist State: Ceremony and Symbols of Authority:1882-1898, Islam in Africa, vol.11, 2010.
, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, 1982.
, The Impoverishment of the African Red Sea Littoral, pp.1640-1945, 2018.
, Starvation and the State: Famine, Slavery, and Power in Sudan, pp.1883-1956, 2013.
, « Famines of War: The Red Sea Grain Market and Famine in Eastern Sudan, Northeast African Studies, vol.12, issue.1, pp.73-94, 2012.
, / mun?arif li-madhk?r?n murattab-hum min 11 [nun] li-gh?yat sharh / nafar 3 12 q. / murattab nafar 1 min al-ta?r?khi q?l-hu li-gh?yat 20 min-hi / 1 al-naqdiyya / il? ?is?b al-fuy???t al-kar?m wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya al-muta?a??ila ?al? yad Mu?ammad ?Uthm?n ?Abd al-Ra?m?n al-muqaddam bi-l-nuq?a al-mu?adda li-l-mu??fi? m? bayna al-mars? wa T?kar wa mun??rifa ?an yadi-hi wa li-?ar?rat i??fati-hi ?al? ???il al-naqdiyya ta?b?q?n li-l-q??ida al-?is?biyya qad ??dara al-idhn al-l?zim bi-l-kha?m al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam??-hu q?shl? / 11 ???il al-ma?r?f?t / il? ?is?b ???il al-naqdiyya wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya al-mun?arifa ?an yad Mu?ammad ?Uthm?n ?Abd al-Ra?m?n al-muqaddam bi-l-nuq?a al-mu?adda li-l-mu??fi? m? bayna al-mars? wa T?kar kam? al-kashf al-muqaddam bi-khatmi-hi wa ?al? mawjibi-him ??dara alidhn al-l?zim bi-l-kha?m al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam??-hu q?shl? / 12 kh???a r?yat al-mukarram ?Uthm?n Ab? Bakr Diqna / nimra 130 3 r. / mun?arif il? M?s? Nafal al-muqaddam badal murattab-hu min aldhura, mun?arif il? ?Al? al-??jj A?mad min murattabi-hi shahr ??m 1307 12 q. / mun?arif il? Y?suf ?Al? al-Mard? 3 r. 18 q. / mun?arif il? ?Al? A?mad Taha badal 3 k?s murattab-hu shahr jum?da awal / bi-amr Majdh?b 3 r
, 18 q. / mun?arif il? Mu?ammad ?Uthm?n ?Abd al-Ra?m?n murattab-hu shahr al-qa?da f? al-dhura
, shahr 3 r. / mun?arif il? Mu?ammad A?mad Idr?s al-muqaddam murattab-hu [m?hu] shahr badal al-dhura 26 r. 6 q. / ?an al-mun?arif li-madhk?r?n badal murattab-hum min ?anf alghil?l 10 r. / ?an al-mun?arif Mu?ammad ?Uthm?n ?Abd al-Ra?m?n f? na??r murattab-hu min al-nuq?d
, / min ma?l?b ?asan Barn?s / shuri?a / nimra 2 19 r. 6 q. / min ma?l?b ?Abd al-Kh?liq / shuri?a / nimra 7 1 r. 12 q. / min ma?l?b Mu?ammad ??li? Danbar / mun?wala Mu?ammad ??li? bidhni-hi / nimra 1 ???il al-naqdiyya / il? ?is?b maby???t al-raq?q wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya min al-muta?a??il min ?Abd al-Q?dir Badaw? q?mat thaman ?damiyya mushtar?? min raq?q bayt al-m?l [tusamm?] Fa?l al-R?j? [Fart?wiyya al-?abash] mushallakh al-khaddayn bal?d? rabb??? min ?imna alhaw?mil li-muqta?? idhn wa sanad bi-khatm am?n al-naqdiyya wa ?al? muwajibihim ?adara idhin?t li-kha?m wa al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / nimra 1 / 15 ???il al-naqdiyya / il? ?is?b fuy???t al-kar?m wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya al-muta?a??ila min madhk?r?n ?an yad ?Abd All?h Mu?ammad Shaykh ?ushr raq?q wa muqaddama bi-??fi?a bi-khatmi-hi wa ?al? maw wa ?adara ?alay-h? amr al-qub?l li-am?n al-naqdiyya wa waradat min-hi al-i??fa bi-khatmi-hi wa ?al? mawjibi
, muta?a??ila ?and yad am?n-h? min madhk?r?n q?mat zakaw?t nuq?d-hum ??m 1307 wa w??i?a bay?n mufrad?ti-him bi-daftar al-zakaw?t ?araf f?m?-hu al-?ijja 1306 wa li-?ar?ra i??fat al-mablagh ?al? ???il al-naqdiyya ?uhdat qad ??ra al-idhn al-l?zim bi-l-kha?m wa al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam??-hu q?shl? / bi-l-[?] 19 ???il al-naqdiyya / il? ?is?b ma?l?b madhk?r?n wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya al-ma?kh?dha min madhk?r?n salafiyya ?an yad almukarram Majdh?b Ab? Bakr na?ar?n li-khal? bayt al-m?l wa w?rida bi-kashf wa ?alay-hi if?da bi-khatmi-hi li-wak?l bayt al-m?l bi-?i?tim?d ?al?wati-h? ?alab bi-?ismbi-sm al-madhk?r wa ?al?, p.20
, A?mad ?Antar / nimra 53 140 r. / muta?a??il min madhk?r?n bi-ma?rifat Mu?ammad ??li? Dunbar / nimra 1 25 r. / ?Abd All?h al-?ayyib Qamr al-D?n thaman ?dam? mub?? bi-ma?rifati-hi / nimra 60 30 r. / al-Sayyid
, muqaddama bi-[kashf] wa ?ala if?da bi-khatmi bi-?tim?di kha?m-h? li-???il-?a wa ?al? ?h?lika min ?amaliyyat ?and al-[?] al-l?zim wa ?adara al-idhn bi-l-kha?m wa al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam?-hu q?shl? / [?] 21 r?y?t al-mukarram ?Uthm?n kh???at r?yat al-mukarram ?Uthm?n / nimra 129 2 r. / mun?arif f? na??r thaman qarb miy?h li-l-jih?diyya al-mutawajjiha mirs?l al-dhura li-Kasal? bi-yad ?Abd al-Khayr 3 r. / bi-yad Mu?ammad A?mad [?] thaman qarb miy?h li-l-mul?zima 5 r. / bi-yad ?Abd al-[B??in] luz?m al-jih?diyya al-mu?a??ara min jihat Kasal?
, bi-yad ?Umar Idr?s luz?m mushtar? qa?ab li-manzil al-??mil 34 r. r?yat A?mad al-Majdh?b / nimra 28 40 r. / thaman j?riyya ma?kh?dha min ?asan Barn?s il? al-am?n A?mad al-Majdh?b 40 r. / thaman [?im?ra] ma?kh?dha [?] il? ?Abd All?h A?mad al-Majdh?b 80 r. r?yat al-??hir al-Majdh?b / nimra 136 8 r. / li-??mil al-Majdh?b al-??hir f? [?] murattabi-hi 7 r. / li-??mil al-?ahad Y?suf Ab? Bakr 6 r. / thaman kh?m 2 ??qa luz?m jubab li-mul?zamiyya Majdh?b 1 r. / thaman kafan li-sutrat ?dam, Shams? ?Al? 1 r. / il? S?m?t al-Jih?d? 23 r. r?yat Kh?lid al
, Mak?] Nimir / shuri?a q?l-hu 5 r. / bi-yad al-Nimir al-[Mak?] / shuri?a min ?is?b al-ma?r?f?t t?bi? r?yat al-mukarram ?Uthm?n Diqna 162 r. / muw??ala 2 r. / r?yat al-Sidd?q ?Abd al-Wahh?b / jam??-hu min ?arf il? al, p.141
, Am?n ?Amm?r / nimra 133 1 r. / Mu?ammad ?Abd All?h F?na / jam??-hu mun?arif il? Ab? al-Zayd muqaddam al-[Badalqad?riyya] / nimra 122 6 r. r?y?t Kh??ir ?am?dan kh???at r?yat al-Ta???isha / nimra 137 60 r. / thaman ?im?r makh?dh min ?asan al
,
, ?dam thaman
, 12 q. / r?yat A?mad [Maraw?] walad al
, ??mid / jam??-hu mun?arif il? Sulaym?n Z?yd / nimra 68 ma?r?f?t s??ira ?uy?f / nimra 144 50 r. / thaman j?riyya ma?kh?dha min ?asan Barn?s Sulaym?n il?
, ma?kh?dha il? Y?suf Sulaym?n a?ad
, / bi-yad Mu?ammad ??hir Mub?rak? li-ma??r?f madhk?r?n ?uy?f 94 r
, Ibr?h?m wa Awn?r Ibr?h?m al-mutawajjih?n li-Kasal? 5 r. / thaman zuww?da li-l-madhk?r?n qabli-hi 2 r. / thaman kiswa il? ?Al? Ibr?h?m 18 r. / mun?arif li-l-hajj?na min al-Buqa?a ?imna iq?mat-hum bi-T?kar ?ala yad ??hir Mub?rak? 3 r. / bi-yad Mu?ammad Kar?r al-?ajj?na al-mu?a??ar min al-Buqa?a thaman makhl?fa 5 r. / thaman zuww?da li-hajj?na al-Buqa?? Fa?l All?h Kar?r wa man ma?ahum ??l tawajjuh-hum Hand?b 1 r, jim?l ?adad 47 mars?la il? Kasal?
, bi-yad T?hir Mubar?k? li-madhk?r?n mas?k?n 4 r. / Ibr?h?m s??ir Kasal?
, mu?a???r?n min al-jib?l min ?is?b al-m??r?f?t 507 r. 12 q. / muw??ala / jam??-hu min i?s?n?t min ?is?b al-murattab?t / jam??-hu bi-yad ?Umar Kisha ?aw?la min ?araf ?Abd All?h al-F?kir / nimra 14 27 r. / b?q? murattab rab?? awal 40 r
, w?rida min-hi bi-khatmi-hi f?-ta?r?khi-hi wa i?tim?d ?il?wat al-mablagh ?alab bi-sm al-madhk?r wa ?al? mawjibi-hi qad ?adara al-idhn al-l?zim bi-l-kha?m wa al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam??-hu q?shl? / [?] 22 ???il al-ma?r?f?t / il? ?is?b ???il al-naqdiyya wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya al-mun?arifa li-madhk?r?n ?an yad al-Bash?r walad al-N?r al-muhawwal min-hum wa ?il?wati-h? bi-sm al-Bash?r al-madhk?r ?imna idhn f? ta?r?khi-hi wa bin?? ?lay-h? ?adara min al-mukarram al-Majdh?b Ab? Bakr bi-?tim?d kha?mi-h? li-???il al-naqdiyya bi-l-ma?r?f?t wa ?al? mawjib ?adara al
, N?r q?mat thaman dhura 91 k?s ma?kh?dha min-hi li-mun?sibat ?u??l [al-i?b??] il?y-hi li-iz?lat ?ar?r?t al-ikhw?n alladh?na bi-l-rib?? wa u??fa bi-hi li-???il al-ghil?l bi-muqta?? idhn f?-ta?r?khi-hi wa li-?ar?rat khasm al-mablagh li-???il al-naqdiyya qad ??dara al-idhn al
, q?mat athm?n maw?sh? mub??a ?al? yadihim bi-l-s?q li-madhk?r?n bi-?is?b al-??fi?a al-w?rida min-hum wa ??ra ?alay-h? idhn al-qub?l li-am?n al-naqdiyya wa warada-hu thaman al-i??fa bi-khatmi-hi ?ala mawjibi-hi s?dara idhn al-kha?m wa al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam?-hu q?shl? / bi-nimra 25 athm?n al-aghn?m 75 r. / 100 ?adad / mushtar? ?dam Idr?s wa Mu?ammad Ma?m?d 62 r. / 100 ?adad / mushtar? Mu?ammad ?Abd al-R?ziq 250 r. / 300 ?adad / mushtar? Ibr?h?m Ma?m?d 80 r. / 100 ?adad / mushtar? Ibr?h?m ?Abd al-Fatt?? al-madhk?ra / il? ?is?b ???il al-naqdiyya wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya al-mun?arifa li-madhk?r?n ?an yad al-mukarram al-Majdh?b Ab? Bakr Y?suf bi-muqta?? kashf wa ?al? If?da bi-khatmi wa ?al? mawjibi
, ??jj Fa?l All?h Kar?r 1 r. / ?Abd All?h al
, / min ?is?b al-murattab?t / jam??-hu ?an al-mun?arif il? Ab? F??ima Ab? [Falday] min murattabi-hi
, / min ?is?b ???il al-?ahad ?araf Mu?ammad Y?suf ?an al-mars?l il?y-hi luz?m mushtar? ghil?l wa
, wa dh?lika ?an al-naqdiyya q?mat al-masb?q irs?l-h? min ?araf al-mukarram Majdh?b Ab? Bakr il? Mu?ammad Y?suf luz?m mushtara [?] wa [?] bi-l-?ahad ?arafi-hi wa yak?n jar? [mud?raka] bi-hi al-luz?m wa muqta?? kha?m li-???il al-?ahad qad ?adara al-idhn al-l?zim bi-l-kha?m wa al-i??fa f? ta?r?khi-hi / waraqa 1 / jam?-hu q?shl?
, / nimra 75 s??ira r?k al-r?ya / jam??-hu ?athm?n jar? mushtar?-h? wa [?arsala]-hu li-lmukarram ?Uthm?n Ab? Bakr Diqna luz?m bi-tash?l?t al-kat??ib al-mu?a???ra min Kasal? li-?add T?kar / nimra 144 297 r. 12 q. / thaman dhura 70 k?s / 4 r. 6 q
, / min ma?l?b ?dam Mu?ammad S?lim al-Ma??wa?? 97 r. 12 q. / min ma?l?b ?Abd al-Q?dir A?mad Ya?y? 10 r. / min ma?l?b A?mad
, / min ma?l?b Makk? ?usayn 49 r. / min ma?l?b ?Umar Kisha 24 r. / min ma?l?b A?mad ?Antar 8 r. 12 q. / min ma?l?b ?Abd All?h S?lim 25 r. / min ma?l?b ?usayn M?s? 19 r. / min ma?l?b ?Abd al-Kh?liq 1 r. 12 q. / min ma?l?b Mu?ammad ??li? Danbar 10 r. 18 q. / min ma?l?b ?Abd al-?A?am [??bara] min ?is?b al-ma?l?b 866 r. 15 q. / muw??ala 35 r. 12 q. / min ma?l?b ?Uthm?n Bash?r 65 r. / min ma?l?b Ibr?h?m ?Abd al-Fatt?? 35 r. 3 q. / min ma?l?b Mu?ammad ?Abd ?All?h min r?yat walad al-Azraq 16 r. / min ma?l?b A?mad ?Abb?s ???il al-ma?r?f?t / jam??-hu il? ?is?b al-naqdiyya 60 r. 18 q. 1 qr. / r?y?t al-mukarram ?Uthm?n Diqna 210 r. 6 q. 1,5 qr. / r?y?t al-mukarram Mu?ammad ?Uthm?n Ab? Qarja 107 r. / r?y?t Kh??ir ?umayd?n 2 r. 9 q. / r?y?t ?amad al-N?l ??mid 94 r. 18 q. 2,5 qr. / r?y?t Sh??ib ?amad Fa?al?l 39 r. 18 q. / r?y?t al-Sayyid Mu?ammad A?mad 1 r. 12 q. / r?y?t A?mad Badaw? Ab? ?afiya ma?r?f?t s??ira 120 r, vol.9
, min ?is?b al-naqdiyya il? ?is?b ma?l?b madhk?r?n / jam??-hu min ?is?b al-naqdiyya 80 r. / Mu?ammad ?Abd All?h min r?yat Walad al-Azraq 204 r. 12 q. / A?mad al-??li? 18 r. / Mu?ammad Ab? al-Makk? ??li? 8 r. 6 q. / al-Shaykh Ibr?h?m ?Abd al-Fatt?h 2 r. 18 q. / ?Uthm?n Bash?r 76 r. 12 q. / Diy?b [Fab??] 96 r. / A?mad ?Antar 140 r. / ma?l?b madhk?r? mun?wala Mu?ammad ??li? Danbar 25 r
, A?mad ?Umar Qamr al-D?n 150 r. / ?asan Barn?s 25 r. / ?Abd All?h S?lim 532 r. 15 q. / al-Sayyid walad al-N?r al-fuy???t / jam??-hu min ?is?b al-naqdiyya 131 r. 3 q. / muta?a??il mus??aida bi-madhk?r?n w?rid?n wa [mutaridd?n] min wa il? T?kar wa Trinkit?t 91 r. 6 q. / muta?a??il bi-madhk?ra mus??ada min tad?wul qalam al-raq?q