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, % of national income Top 10% national income share: pre-tax vs. post-tax Pre-tax Post-tax Source: Appendix Tables II-B1 and II-C1 5% 10% 15% 20%, 2013.

, % of national income Top 1% national income share: pre-tax vs. post-tax Pre-tax Post-tax Source: Appendix Tables II-B1 and II-C1

, Adults are all US residents aged 20 and above. Incomes within married couples are equally split. Pre-tax national income is factor income after the operation of the public and private pension systems and unemployment insurance system. Post-tax national income is defined as pre-tax income minus all taxes plus all government transfers and spending (federal, state, and local), The figure displays the share of national income pre-tax and post-tax going to the top 10% adults from 1917 to 2014 (top panel) and to the top 1% adults from 1913 to 2014 (bottom panel), 1986.

, % of national income Bottom 50% national income share: pre-tax vs. post-tax Pre-tax Post-tax Source: Appendix Tables II-B1 and II-C1

, Average income in constant 2014 $ Real pre-tax income of bottom 50%, by age group Source: Appendix Tables II-B7 and II-B7b, 2003.

, Average income in constant 2014 $ Real post-tax income of bottom 50%, by age group Source: Appendix Tables II-C7, II-C7b and II-C7d, 2003.

, 45-64, and 65+. The top panel figure depicts real incomes on a pre-tax basis while the bottom panel figure depicts real incomes on a post-tax basis. Pre-tax national income is after the operation of pension and unemployment insurance systems. Post-tax national income is after all taxes and transfer. Post-tax disposable income excludes in-kind transfers, collective consumption expenditure, and the government deficit. The unit is the individual adult and incomes within married couples are split equally. 18% 20% 22%, Notes: This figure depicts the bottom 50% real incomes per adult by age groups. The bottom 50% is defined within each of the three age groups, pp.20-44, 1986.

, Bottom 50% real average pre-tax income, 2014.

, Real average pre-tax income of bottom 50% and top 1% adults Source: Appendix Tables II-B7 and II-B10 1980: Top 1%, 2014.

, Bottom 50% = $16, vol.000, p.50, 1980.

, The top panel plots the top 1% pre-tax national income share and the bottom 50% pre-tax national income share since 1962. The bottom panel plots the top 1% real average pre-tax national income (on the left y-axis) and the bottom 50% real average pre-tax national income (on the right x-axis). The unit is the individual adult and incomes within married couples are split equally. Figure 6: The Role of Within Couple Inequality and the Decline of the Gender Gap 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55%, The figure contrasts the evolution of the top 1% vs. the bottom 50%, 1917.

, % of national income Top 10% pre-tax income share: equal-split vs. individuals Pre-tax income per adult (individuals) Source: Appendix Table II-B9

, Pre-tax income per adult (equal split)

. 350%-400%, , 1986.

, Source: Appendix Table II-F1

, (a) equal split of income within married couples (our benchmark series), (b) split of factor labor income on an individual basis within couples (capital income, pension benefits and other benefits remain split equally). The bottom panel depicts the average pre-tax labor income of working-age men (aged 20 to 64, including men earning zero pre-tax labor income) divided by the average pre-tax labor income of working-age women (aged 20 to 64, including women earning zero pre-tax labor income). Pre-tax labor income is factor labor income plus pensions, The top panel depicts the top 10% adults pre-tax national income share with two definitions of income

. 45%-50%, , 1986.

, Bottom 90% Source: Appendix Table II-B2d, 1997.

. 40%-45%, , 2013.

. 25%-30%, , 1913.

. 45%-50%, , 1917.

, Top 10% income share: comparison of estimates Fiscal income per tax unit

, Pre-tax income per adult Source: Appendix Table II-B1 and Piketty and Saez, 2003.

. 45%-50%, , 1917.

, Top 10% income share: fiscal income vs. pre-tax income Pre-tax income per tax unit