K. Amrit, R. P. Pandey, S. K. Mishra, and M. Daradur, Relationship of drought frequency and severity with range of annual temperature variation, Nat Hazards, vol.92, pp.1199-1210, 2018.

I. Andrews, Valid Two-Step Identification-Robust Confidence Sets for GMM, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.100, issue.2, pp.337-348, 2018.

C. A. Atkinson, Regression diagnostics, Transformations and Constructed Variables, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Serie B (Methodological), 1982.

M. Ballo and J. Bauer, The Economics of Early Response and Resilience in Niger. Country study. Department of International Development, 2013.

D. Benjamin, Household Composition, Labor Markets and Labor Demand: Testing for Separation in Agricultural Household Models, Econometrica, vol.60, issue.2, pp.287-322, 1992.

T. M. Brück and . Diaz-botia,

N. T. Ferguson,

J. Ouédraogo, Z. Ziegelhoefer, 2018.

, Assets for Alimentation? The nutritional impact of Assets-based programming in Niger

C. Bruffaerts, V. Verardi, and . Vermandele, A Generalized Boxplot for Skewed and Heavy-Tailed Distributions, Statistics & Probability Letters, vol.95, pp.110-117, 2014.

G. Carletto, M. Ruel, P. Winters, and A. Zezza, Farm-Level Pathways to Improved Nutritional Status Introduction to the Special Issue, The Journal of Development Studies, vol.51, issue.8, pp.945-957, 2015.

A. Croppenstedt and C. Muller, The Impact of Farmers' Health and Nutritional Status on Their Productivity and Efficiency: Evidence from Ethiopia, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.48, issue.3, pp.475-502, 2000.

N. Dawson, A. Martin, and T. Sikor, Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan, vol.43, 2016.

, Africa: Implications of Imposed Innovation for the Wellbeing of Rural Smallholders, World Development, vol.78, pp.204-218

A. De-brauw, P. Eoeznou, D. O. Gilligan, C. Hotz, N. Kumar et al., Biofortification Crop Adoption And Health Information: Impact Pathways In Mozambique And Uganda, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, pp.906-930, 2018.

A. Dillon, K. Mcgee, and G. Oseni, Agricultural Production, Dietary Diversity and Climate Variability, The Journal of Development Studies, vol.51, issue.8, pp.976-995, 2015.

, Protection Sociale Au Sahel Et En Afrique De L'Ouest Renforcer la résilience au service de la securité alimentaire et de la nutrition, 2016.

E. Fratkin, M. Nathan, and E. Roth, Is Settling Good for Pastoralists? The Effects of Pastoral Sedentarization on Children's Nutrition, Growth, and Health Among Rendille and Ariaal of Marsabit District, Northern Kenya. Presentation for "Pastoralism and Poverty Reduction in East Africa: A Policy Research Conference, 2006.

D. Haan, Prospects for Livestock-Based Livelihoods in Africa ' s Drylands. The World Bank Group, 2016.

B. J. Heckman, R. Pinto, P. Savelyev, C. Blair, D. Benjamin et al., Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes, American Economic Review, vol.103, issue.6, pp.2052-2086, 2013.

J. J. Heckman and R. Pinto, Econometric Mediation Analyses: Identifying the sources of the treatment effects from experimentally estimated production technologies with unmeasured and mismeasured inputs, Econometric Review, vol.34, issue.1-2, pp.6-31, 2015.

A. Herforth and J. Harris, Understanding and Applying Primary Pathways and Principles. Brief #1. Improving Nutrition through Agriculture Technical Brief Series, USAID/Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally (SPRING) Project, 2014.

K. Imai, L. Keele, D. Tingley, and T. Yamamoto, Unpacking the Black Box of Causality: Learning about Causal Mechanisms from Experimental and Observational Studies, American Political Science Review, vol.105, issue.4, pp.765-789, 2011.

I. International-livestock-centre-for-africa, Livestock production in tsetse affected areas of Africa. The African Trypanotolerant Livestock Network, p.44, 1988.

. Nairobi,

K. Kosec, H. Ghebru, B. Holtemeyer, V. Mueller, and E. Schmidt, The Effect Of Land Access On Youth Employment And Migration Decisions: Evidence From Rural Ethiopia, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.100, issue.3, pp.931-954, 2018.

N. Laceteva, Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare, Animal Frontiers, vol.9, issue.1, pp.26-31, 2019.

C. Law, I. Fraser, and M. Piracha, Nutrition Transition and Changing Food Preferences in India, Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.71, issue.1, pp.118-143, 2020.

L. Point, Niger : Les éleveurs Touaregs se reconvertissent à l'agriculture. Article de Presse parue le 15 Novembre, 2019.

D. P. Mackinnon, C. M. Lockwood, W. , and J. , Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods, Multivariate Behavioral Research, vol.39, pp.99-128, 2004.

M. Ministère-de-l'elevage, Guide national : Mise en place des Services Vétérinaires Privés de Proximité (SVPP) au Niger, 2015.

M. Ministère-de-l'elevage, Enquete sur les revenus et la vulnérabilité des ménages agropastoraux et pastoraux, 2016.

C. Muller, Do agricultural outputs of autarkic peasants affect their health and nutrition? Evidence from Rwanda, Food Policy, vol.34, pp.166-175, 2009.

C. Muller, A Test of Separability of Consumption and Production Decisions of Farm Households in Ethiopia, Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International Development, vol.5, issue.1, pp.1-18, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00993393

J. L. Olea-montiel and C. Pflueger, A robust test for weak instruments, Journal of Business & Economic Statitistics, vol.31, issue.3, pp.358-369, 2013.

C. Pflueger and S. Wang, A Robust Test for Weak Instruments in Stata, Stata Journal, vol.15, issue.1, pp.216-225, 2015.

E. Puentes, F. Wang, J. R. Behrman, F. Cunha, J. Hoddinott et al.,

J. B. Adair, R. Borja, A. D. Martorell, and . Stein, Early life height and weight production functions with endogenous energy and proteins inputs, Economic and Human Biology, vol.22, pp.65-81, 2016.

B. Stadlmayr, R. Charrondiere, V. Enujiugha, R. Bayili, E. Fagbohoun et al., , p.45

B. Burlingame and B. , West African food composition table [Table de composition des aliments d´Afrique de l´Ouest, Food and Agricultural Organization, 2012.

L. Sun, Implementing Valid Two-Step Identification-Robust Confidence Sets for Linear Instrumental-Variables Models, The Stata Journal, vol.18, issue.4, pp.803-825, 2018.

A. Swindale and P. Bilinsky, Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for measurement of household food access: Indicator guide. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance, 2006.

, From Agriculture to Nutrition: Pathways, Synergies and Outcomes, World Development Report, 2007.

, United State Agency for International Development, 2011.

T. J. Vanderweele, Explanation In Causal Inference Methods for Mediation and Interaction, 2015.

C. Van-wessenbeeck, M. A. Fa, M. Keyzer, and . Nubé, Estimation of undernutrition and mean calorie intake in Africa: methodology, findings and implications, International Journal of Health and Geography, vol.8, p.37, 2009.

V. Verardi and C. Vermandele, Univariate and Multivariate Outlier Identification for Skewed Heavy-Tailed Distributions, Stata Journal. Vol18. No3, pp.517-532, 2018.

S. M. Vicente-serrano, J. I. Lopez-moreno, S. Begueria, J. Lorenzo-lacruz, A. Sanchez-lorenzo et al., Evidence of increasing drought severity caused by temperature rise in southern Europe, Environ. Res. Lett, vol.9, p.44001, 2014.

J. M. Wooldridge, Inverse Probability Weighted Estimation for General Missing Data Problems, Journal of Econometrics, vol.141, issue.2, pp.1281-1301, 2007.

J. M. Wooldridge, Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2010.

A. Zezza and A. Issa, Livestock in Niger: an important asset for growth and poverty reduction. Livestock data innovation in Africa brief, vol.46, 2012.