, The road runs for 324 km across Qu?ng Tr? (central Vietnam) and Savannakhet Provinces to the Thai border
, The Bru-Vân Ki?u were estimated to account for some 53,095 people in 1999; the Makong were estimated to account for 2.5 percent of the total population in Laos in 2015, vol.13, 2000.
, The massif comprises northern, central, and southern central Vietnam; northern and western Thailand, 2006.
, extreme northern and eastern Cambodia; and most of northern Burma
, Such groups from the highlands include the Nung, 1992.
, Siamese to cede to France their territories on the east bank of the Mekong. 6. Cochinchina and central and southern Laos (also known as Lower Laos) were administered as colonies, whereas Tonkin, Luang Prabang, Cambodia, and Annam were given the status of protectorates. 7. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the expansion of the Viet state beyond the crest of the Annamite Range faced the ambitions of another Asian empire, Siam. Following the annexation of Vientiane and Champassak by Siam in 1828, 1893.
, This and all subsequent quotations from French sources are the author's translations, 1989.
, Kha Leung, etc.) was used in the French colonial documents until the 1940s. Kha Leus may be a distortion of Cao Lao in Bru, Gábor Vargyas (2000, 13), in his excellent analysis of French, American, and Vietnamese materials on the Bru, notes that the term Kha Leu (or Ka Leu, 1947.
, Ca Lao refers to the group's custom that facilitates the forming of friendships between individuals and between communities: once they become Ca Lao (i.e., 8) Use of poisonous products that can be harmful to other people's health is forbidden, vol.9
, The goal consistently expressed is for a closer relationship with government authorities and access to facilities currently available only on the coast. Hill folk reject resettlement on practical grounds: there is no land available on the coast, and they must live close to their swiddens to guard them from the wild pigs. Nevertheless, they would like to be on official maps, included in the desa [a unit of about two to five thousand people under a headman] population counts, and made the beneficiaries of 'development' hand-outs. . . . they too seek to enmesh themselves more firmly, and more advantageously, within the government administrative system, 16. Ban Tuyên Giáo T?nh ?y Qu?ng Tr?, vol.58, 2001.
, See, however, a similar example of minority "brokers" on the Lao side in Sepon District, Pholsena, 2014.
, I have borrowed the term "middle ground, 2006.
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