A. , Présentation HSK -Association française des professeurs de chinois

C. Agbobli, L'endocentricité et l'utopie : des révélateurs des défis et des possibilités de la communication internationale, Hsab et C. Agbobli (dir.). Communication internationale et la communication interculturelle : regards épistémologiques et espaces de pratique, pp.71-94, 2011.

É. F. Augé, Petit traité de propagande : à l'usage de ceux qui la subissent (2 e éd, 2015.

D. Boeck and U. ,

B. Berut, Storytelling : une nouvelle propagande par le récit ? Quaderni, pp.31-45, 2010.

M. Beuret, S. Michel, and P. Woods, La Chinafrique : quand la Chine fait main basse sur le continent noir, 2008.

F. Blanc, S. Loisel, and A. Scherrer, Politique étrangère et opinions publiques : les stratégies gouvernementales d'influence et de contrôle de l'opinion publique à l'épreuve de son internationalisation, Raisons politiques, pp.119-141, 2005.

M. Blitz, Public diplomacy, propaganda and rhetoric, The public diplomacy reader, pp.335-336, 2007.

A. Buhmann and D. Ingenhoff, Advancing the country image construct from a public relations perspective: From model to measurement, Journal of Communication Management, vol.19, issue.1, pp.62-80, 2015.

M. Callon and B. Latour, Le grand Léviathan s'apprivoise-t-il, pp.11-32, 2013.

X. Chen and X. Liu, Hexin jiazhiguan chuanbo de guojia gonggong guanxi zhanlve gouxiang [Traduction libre : Les conceptions stratégiques des relations publiques étatiques sur la diffusion des valeurs fondamentales chinoises, 2015.

, Modern Communication, vol.6, issue.227, pp.25-31

N. J. Cull, Public diplomacy: Lessons from the past, vol.2, 2009.

N. J. Cull, Public Diplomacy" Before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase, 2016.

E. Damome, Cette Chine qui divise les Africains, Outre-Terre, vol.30, issue.4, pp.343-350, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01805839

P. Delcambre, Une analyse d'écriture revisitée : ou, quand l'analyse d'écriture fait intervention, que dire de ses effets, Études de communication. Langages, information, médiations, pp.131-150, 1990.

A. Dulphy, O. Gaultier-voituriez, S. Masse-quief, and J. Sirinelli, Les Républiques en propagande XIX e -XX e siècles, 2004.

D. Fassin and A. Bensa, Les politiques de l'enquête : épreuves ethnographiques, 2008.

G. Ferréol and P. Deubel, Méthodologie des sciences sociales, 1993.

H. H. Frederick, Global Communication and International Relations, 1992.

R. Ghiglione, La réception des messages, Approches psychosociologiques. Hermès, pp.247-264, 1993.

E. Gilboa, Searching for a Theory of Public Diplomacy, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, issue.616, pp.55-77, 2008.

K. Hallahan, D. Holtzhausen, B. Van-ruler, D. Ver?i?, and K. Sriramesh, Defining Strategic Communication, International Journal of Strategic Communication, vol.1, issue.1, pp.3-35, 2007.

. Hanban, The office of Chinese language council international annual report, 2006.

. Hanban, , 2017.

. Hanban, Kongzi xueyuan zhangcheng, 2018.

. Hanban, Presentation of Confucius Institute Headquarters (Hanban) [Site officiel, 2018.

. Hanban, 2018 nian feizhou kongzi xueyuan lianxi huiyi kaimu, Li Zhanshu chuxi bing zhici, 2018.

W. He, Zhang et W. He (dir.), fei zhou fa zhan bao gao n° 17: zhong guo zai fei zhou de ruan shi li jian she: cheng xiao, wen ti he chu lu (Annual report on development in Africa n o 17: China's soft power building in Africa: achievements, challenges and way forward, pp.1-28, 2015.

G. Hsab and G. Stoiciu, Communication internationale et communication interculturelle : des champs croisés, des frontières ambulantes, Communication internationale et la communication interculturelle : regards épistémologiques et espaces de pratique, pp.9-25, 2011.

J. Hu, Firmly march on the path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and strive to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects (Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on, 2012.

Z. A. Huang and O. Et-arifon, La diplomatie publique chinoise sur Twitter : la fabrique d'une polyphonie harmonieuse. Hermès, La Revue, pp.45-53, 2018.

Z. A. Huang and R. Wang, The new "cat" of the Internet: China's panda diplomacy on Twitter, BIG IDEAS in Public Relations Research and Practice

R. Bingley,

J. Hubbert, Ambiguous States: Confucius Institutes and Chinese Soft Power in the U, S. Classroom. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, vol.37, issue.2, pp.329-349, 2014.

A. Hutchison, China's African revolution, 1976.

K. Hwang, Face and Favor: The Chinese Power Game, American Journal of Sociology, vol.92, issue.4, pp.944-974, 1987.

G. Imbert, L'entretien semi-directif : à la frontière de la santé publique et de l'anthropologie, Recherche en soins infirmiers, vol.102, issue.3, pp.23-34, 2010.

D. Ingenhoff and . Fuhrer, Positioning and differentiation by using brand personality attributes: Do mission and vision statements contribute to building a unique corporate identity, Corporate Communications, vol.15, pp.83-101, 2010.

L. Ji, Chuan tong wen hua yu zhong guo gong gong wai jiao [Traduction libre : La culture traditionnelle et la diplomatie publique chinoise, Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), vol.14, issue.3, pp.327-330, 2012.

K. A. Johnston, The Handbook of Communication Engagement (1 er éd, pp.19-32, 2018.

F. Jullien, Le détour et l'accès : stratégies du sens en Chine, en Grèce, 2010.

M. L. Kent and M. Taylor, Toward a dialogic theory of public relations, Public Relations Review, vol.28, issue.1, pp.21-37, 2002.

J. D. Ketele and X. Et-roegiers, Méthodologie du recueil d'informations : Fondements des méthodes d'observation, de questionnaire, d'interview et d'étude de documents, 2015.

M. Korinman, Les tribulations de l'amiral Zheng He, Outre-Terre, vol.30, issue.4, pp.9-20, 2011.

J. Kurlantzick, Charm offensive: How China's soft power is transforming the world, 2007.

L. Belzic and S. , 28 mars), Le nouveau rêve impérial de Xi Jinping. Valeurs Actuelles. Repéré à, 2013.

A. Lahtinen, China's Soft Power: Challenges of Confucianism and Confucius Institutes, Journal of Comparative Asian Development, vol.14, issue.2, pp.200-226, 2015.

J. A. Ledingham, Explicating Relationship Management as a General Theory of Public Relations, Journal of Public Relations Research, vol.15, issue.2, pp.181-198, 2003.

J. L'etang, Public Relations and Diplomacy in a Globalized World, 2009.

, American Behavioral Scientist, vol.53, issue.4, pp.607-626

Q. Li, The Confucius Institute's Mission of Public Diplomacy. The Example of the Confucius Institute at Hawaii University, Public Diplomacy Quarterly (China), issue.6, pp.12-18, 2014.

X. Li and J. Wang, Zhongguo ruhe miandui wangluo gonggong waijiao [Traduction libre : Comment la Chine fait-elle face à la cyber-diplomatie publique ?, Public Diplomacy Quarterly (China), pp.25-30, 2010.

J. T. Lo and S. Et-pan, Confucius Institutes and China's soft power: Practices and paradoxes, Compare. A Journal of Comparative and International Education, vol.46, issue.4, pp.512-532, 2014.

G. D. Malone, Managing Public Diplomacy, The Washington Quarterly, vol.8, issue.3, pp.199-213, 1985.

A. Marchive, Contrôle et autocensure dans l'enquête ethnographique. Pour une éthique minimaliste. Les Sciences de l'éducation, vol.45, pp.77-94, 2012.

H. Mowlana, Global Information and World Communication: New Frontiers in International Relations, 1997.

J. S. Nye, Soft power: The means to success in world politics, 2004.

J. S. Nye, Think Again: Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 2006.

C. Ollivier-yaniv, Discours politiques, propagande, communication, manipulation. Mots, pp.31-37, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01150022

D. Ownby, Falun Gong and the Future of China, 2008.

P. Pahlavi, La diplomatie publique, Balzacq et F. Ramel (dir.), Traité de relations internationales, pp.553-606, 2013.

T. Pairault, L'investissement direct chinois en Afrique, Outre-Terre, vol.30, issue.4, pp.89-114, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00710512

J. Pamment, Media Influence, Ontological Transformation, and Social Change: Conceptual Overlaps Between Development Communication and Public Diplomacy, Communication Theory, vol.25, issue.2, pp.188-207, 2015.

R. M. Perloff, The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the Twenty-First Century (4 e éd, 2010.

P. G. Peterson, Public Diplomacy: A Strategy for Reform -Independent Task Force Report, 2003.

Z. Ren, The Confucius institutes and China's soft power, IDE Discussion Paper, issue.330, 2012.

I. Saint-mézard, Les relations sino-indiennes : tendances récentes et évolutions en cours. France Diplomatie, 2016.

L. Savoie-zajc, Gauthier et I. Bourgeois (dir.), Recherche sociale : de la problématique à la collecte des données (3 e éd, Sainte-Foy, pp.263-285, 1997.

H. Schmidt, China's Confucius Institutes and the "Necessary White Body, Canadian Journal of Sociology, vol.38, issue.4, pp.647-668, 2013.

G. Scott-smith, Exchange programs and public diplomacy, Snow et P. M. Taylor (dir.), pp.50-56, 2009.

C. Shi and Y. Shi, Lun Xinxing Meiti Shidaide Gonggong Chuanbo, Modern Communication, pp.12-14, 2007.

B. Signitzer and C. Wamser, Public diplomacy: A specific governmental public relations function, Public Relations Theory II, pp.435-464, 2010.

M. W. Siow and .. , China's Confucius Institutes: Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones, Asia Pacific Bulletin, issue.91, pp.1-2, 2011.

N. Snow and P. M. Taylor, Routledge handbook of public diplomacy, 2009.

D. Starr, Chinese language education in Europe: The Confucius Institutes, European Journal of Education, vol.44, issue.1, pp.65-82, 2009.

W. Sun, Slow boat from China: Public discourses behind the "going global" media policy, International Journal of Cultural Policy, vol.21, issue.4, pp.400-418, 2015.

J. Tang, , 2011.

M. Taylor and M. L. Kent, Dialogic Engagement: Clarifying Foundational Concepts, Journal of Public Relations Research, vol.26, issue.5, pp.384-398, 2014.

D. Thussu, H. Zhang, W. Wasserman, and . Mano, China's media and soft power in Africa: Promotion and perceptions, pp.33-46, 2015.

D. Thussu, The Scramble for Asian Soft Power in Africa. Les Enjeux de l'information et de la communication, vol.2, pp.225-237, 2016.

J. W. Tong, Revenge of the Forbidden City: The Suppression of the Falungong in China, 1999.

A. S. Tsui, J. Farh, and K. R. Et-xin, Guanxi in the Chinese Context, Management and organizations in the Chinese context, pp.225-244, 2000.

H. N. Tuch, Communicating with the world: U.S. public diplomacy overseas, 1990.

J. M. Waller, The Public Diplomacy Reader, 2007.

H. Wang, Zuowei Guojia Shili de Wenhua: Ruan Quanli, 1993.

, Fudan Journal (Social Science Edition), issue.3, pp.91-96

Y. Wang, Public Diplomacy and the Rise of Chinese Soft Power, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol.616, issue.1, pp.257-273, 2008.

Y. Wang, The Confucius Institute and Three-step Public Diplomacy, Public Diplomacy Quarterly, issue.6, pp.7-11, 2014.

H. Wasserman, China in South Africa: Media responses to a developing relationship, Chinese Journal of Communication, vol.5, issue.3, pp.336-354, 2012.

H. Wasserman, China's "soft power" and its influence on editorial agendas in South Africa, Chinese Journal of Communication, vol.9, issue.1, 2016.

J. Xi, Quanguo xuanchuan sixiang gongzuo huiyi, 2013.

. Xinhua,

J. Xi, Xi Jinping chuxi quanguo xuanchuan sixiang gongzuo huiyi bing fabiao zhongyao jianghua [Traduction libre : Xi Jinping a participé à la Conférence nationale sur la propagande et le travail idéologique et a prononcé un important discours]. The State Council, The People's Republic of China, 2018.

J. Xi, Quelques remarques de Xi Jinping sur les relations sino-africaines, 2018.

. Xinhua, 23 août). LEAD Xi Jinping appelle à mieux accomplir le travail de l'information, 2018.

J. Yang, Nuli kaichuang zhongguo tese gonggong waijiao xinjumian, 2011.

Q. Shi-theory,

W. Ye and V. Edwards, Confucius institute teachers in the UK: Motivation, challenges, and transformative learning, Race Ethnicity and Education, vol.21, issue.6, pp.843-857, 2018.

G. T. Yu, China, Africa, and globalization: The "China alternative, 2009.

R. S. Zaharna, Intercultural communication and international public relations: Exploring parallels, Communication Quarterly, vol.48, issue.1, pp.85-100, 2000.

L. Zhang, A brief history of contemporary Chinese diplomacy (from 1949 to, 2014.

K. Zhao, The Motivation Behind China's Public Diplomacy, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, vol.8, issue.2, pp.167-196, 2015.

Q. Zhao, Gong gong wai jiao yu kua wen hua jiao liu (Public diplomacy and communication between cultures), 2011.

H. Zhao and J. Huang, China's policy of Chinese as a foreign language and the use of overseas Confucius Institutes, Educational Research for Policy and Practice, vol.9, issue.2, pp.127-142, 2010.

Q. Zhou, Beyond Visible Border: Public diplomacy in global communication (Chaoyue Youxing Jiangjie: Quanqiu chuanbozhongde gonggongwaijiao), 2018.