A. A. Barry, J. Caesar, A. M. Klein-tank, E. Aguilar, C. Mcsweeney et al., West Africa climate extremes and climate change indices, International Journal of Climatology, pp.921-938, 2018.

M. Beniston, D. B. Stephenson, O. B. Christensen, C. Ferro, C. Frei et al., Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections, Climate Change, vol.81, pp.71-95, 2007.

C. Kh and E. K. Vizy, Detection and analysis of an amplified warming of the Sahara Desert, J. Climate, vol.28, pp.6560-6580, 2015.

F. Engelbrecht, J. Adegoke, M. J. Bopape, M. Naidoo, R. Garland et al., Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over Africa under low mitigation, Environ. Res. Lett, vol.10, p.85004, 2015.

B. Fontaine, S. Janicot, and P. A. Monerie, Recent changes in air temperature, heat waves occurrences and atmospheric circulation in Northern Africa, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.118, pp.536-544, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00869994

C. Lavaysse, Saharan desert warming, Nature Climate Change, vol.5, p.2773, 2015.
DOI : 10.1038/nclimate2773

V. Moron, B. Oueslati, B. Pohl, S. Rome, and S. Janicot, Trends of mean temperatures and warm extremes in Northern Tropical Africa (1961-2014) from observed and PPCA-reconstructed time series, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.121, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01356303

J. Nairn and R. Fawcett, The Excess Heat Factor: A Metric for Heatwave Intensity and Its Use in Classifying Heatwave Severity, Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol.12, issue.1, pp.227-253, 2015.

B. Oueslati, B. Pohl, V. Moron, S. Rome, and S. Janicot, Characterisation of Heat Waves in the Sahel and Associated Physical Mechanisms, Journal of Climate, vol.30, issue.9, pp.3095-3115, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01497275

P. Se and L. V. Alexander, On the measurement of heat waves, J. Climate, vol.26, pp.4500-4517, 2013.

J. Ringard, B. Dieppois, S. Rome, A. Diedhiou, T. Pellarin et al., The intensification of thermal extremes in West Africa, Online publication date: 1, vol.139, pp.66-77, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01279562

S. Rome, B. Oueslati, V. Moron, B. Pohl, and A. Diedhiou, Les vagues de chaleur au Sahel : définition et principales caractéristiques spatio-temporelles, vol.29, pp.345-350, 1973.

L. P. Rothfusz, The Heat Index 'Equation' (or, More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Heat Index), p.1, 1990.

S. Russo, A. F. Marchese, S. J. Immé, and G. , When will unusual heat waves become normal in a warming Africa?, Environ. Res. Lett, vol.11, p.54016, 2016.

S. Russo, A. Dosio, R. G. Graversen, J. Sillmann, H. Carrao et al., Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection in a warming world, J. Geo-phys. Res. Atmos, vol.119, pp.500-512, 2014.

R. G. Steadman, The assessment of sultriness. Part I: A temperature-humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science, J. Appl. Meteor, vol.18, pp.861-873, 1979.

R. G. Steadman, A universal scale of apparent temperature, J. Climate Appl. Meteor, vol.23, pp.1674-1687, 1984.

T. F. Stocker, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report 1 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, vol.1535, 2013.

E. K. Vizy and K. H. Cook, Seasonality of the observed amplified Sahara warming trend and implications for Sahel rainfall, J. Climate, vol.30, pp.3073-3094, 2017.