W. D. Liu, Scientific understanding of the Belt and Road Initiative of China and related research themes, Prog. Geogr, vol.34, pp.538-544, 2015.

D. B. Du and Y. H. Ma, One Belt and One Road: The grand geo-strategy of China's rise, Geogr. Res, vol.34, pp.1005-1014, 2015.

L. Zheng and Z. G. Liu, Spatial pattern of Chinese outward direct investment in the Belt and Road Initiative area, Prog. Geogr, vol.34, pp.563-570, 2015.

C. Ducruet and L. Wang, China's global shipping connectivity: Internal and external dynamics in the contemporary era, Chin. Geogr. Sci, vol.28, pp.202-2016, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01832319

W. L. Cheng and C. T. He, Game between parties and economic orientation of the Maritime Silk Road, vol.3, pp.74-82, 2014.

M. X. Huang and X. K. Jia, The spatial range, strategic characteristics and development vision of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road, SE Acad. Res, pp.71-79, 2015.

G. Su, The Belt and Road Initiative in international perspective, Int. Stud, vol.2016, pp.1-12, 2019.

H. Q. Luo and J. Zeng, Research on the"One Belt and One Road"and China free trade area construction. Reg, Econ. Rev, vol.10, pp.99-106, 2016.

L. H. Wang and Y. Zhu, The evolution of China's international maritime network based on the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road, Acta Geogr. Sin, vol.72, pp.2253-2268, 2017.

F. Y. Chen and Z. H. Hu, Spatial pattern analysis of Southeast-Asia Maritime Silk Road shipping network, J. Dalian Marit. Univ, vol.42, pp.91-104, 2016.

Q. C. Zheng, K. Wu, and T. Teng, Spatial Distribution Features of Ports in Maritime Silk Road, J. Dalian Univ. Technol, vol.37, 2016.

N. X. Mo, M. D. Miu, H. C. Zheng, P. Peng, and X. L. Liu, Evaluation on location advantages of the ports along the Maritime Silk Road, Geo-Inf. Sci, vol.20, pp.613-622, 2018.

R. Yang, N. X. Mo, P. Peng, X. L. Liu, H. C. Zhang et al., Evaluation on competitiveness of important ports along the Maritime Silk Road, Road. Geo-Inf. Sci, vol.20, pp.623-631, 2018.

Z. Y. Liu, The construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the development of China's coastal cities and ports, vol.38, pp.5-11, 2014.

Z. Liu, Z. P. Qiu, and L. M. Zhu, The spatial-temporal feature of investment and trade facilitation and its Impac on trade along theThe"21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, Econ. Geogr, vol.38, 2018.

C. Ducruet, Tracking and Mapping Maritime Flows in the Age of Big Data, Routledge Studies in Transport Analysis, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01623751

C. Ducruet and J. Berli, Mapping the globe. The patterns of mega-ships, Port Technol. Int, vol.77, pp.94-96, 2018.

L. Wang, Y. Zhu, C. Ducruet, M. Bunel, and Y. Y. Lau, From hierarchy to networking: The evolution of the '21st century Maritime Silk Road' container shipping system, Transp. Rev, vol.38, pp.416-435, 2018.

J. F. Arvis, V. Vesin, R. Carruthers, C. Ducruet, and P. W. De-langen, Maritime Networks, Port Efficiency, and Hinterland Connectivity in the Mediterranean, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01933726

, /508771540319329808/Maritime-Networks-Port-Efficiency-and-Hinterland-Connectivity-inthe-Mediterranean, p.22, 2018.

M. M. Julián and F. V. María, Port choice in container market: A literature review, Transp. Rev, vol.37, pp.300-321, 2017.

C. Ducruet, Multilayer dynamics of complex spatial networks: The case of global maritime flows (1977-2008), J. Transp. Geogr, vol.60, pp.47-58, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01619436

A. K. Ng, C. Ducruet, W. Jacobs, J. Monios, T. Notteboom et al., Port geography at the crossroads with human geography: Between flows and spaces, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.41, pp.84-96, 2014.

T. E. Notteboom, F. Parola, G. Satta, and A. A. Pallis, The relationship between port choice and terminal involvement of alliance members in container shipping, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.64, pp.158-173, 2017.

C. Ducruet, S. Cuyala, and A. El-hosni, Maritime networks as systems of cities: The long-term interdependencies between global shipping flows and urban development (1890-2010), J. Transp. Geogr, vol.66, pp.340-355, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01676756

Y. Y. Lau, C. Ducruet, A. K. Ng, and X. Fu, Across the waves: A bibliometric analysis of container shipping research since the 1960s. Marit. Policy Manag, vol.44, pp.667-684, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01619362

L. Wang and Y. Hong, Spatial structure of container port systems across the Taiwan Straits under the direct shipping policy:Acomplex network system approach, Acta Geogr. Sin, vol.71, pp.605-620, 2016.

T. D. Heaver, The implications of increased competition among ports for port policy and management. Marit. Policy Manag, vol.22, pp.125-133, 1995.

D. W. Song, Regional container port competition and co-operation: The case of Hong Kong and South China, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.10, pp.99-110, 2002.

C. Ducruet, T. E. Notteboom, and P. De-langen, Revisiting inter-port relationships under the New Economic Geography research framework, Ecol. Model, pp.11-28, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00458831

J. Tongzon, Port choice determinants in a competitive environment, Proceedings of the IAME Panama 2002 Conference, pp.24-27, 2002.

. Drewry-shipping-consultants, Annual Review of Global Container Terminal Operators; The Maritime Executive, 2006.

K. Bichou and M. Bell, Internationalisation and consolidation of the container port industry: Assessment of channel structure and relationships, Marit. Econ. Logist, vol.9, pp.35-51, 2007.

J. P. Rodrigue, T. E. Notteboom, and A. A. Pallis, The financialization of the port and terminal industry: Revisiting risk and embeddedness, Marit. Policy Manag, vol.38, pp.191-213, 2011.

J. P. Rodrigue and T. E. Notteboom, Foreland-based regionalization: Integrating intermediate hubs with port hinterland, Res. Transp. Econ, vol.27, pp.19-29, 2010.

T. E. Notteboom and J. P. Rodrigue, The corporate geography of global container terminal operators. Marit. Policy Manag, vol.39, pp.249-279, 2012.

B. Slack and A. Frémont, Transformation of port terminal operations: From the local to the global, Transp. Rev, vol.25, pp.117-130, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02124439

D. Olivier, Private entry and emerging partnerships in the container terminal industry: Evidence from Asia. Marit. Policy Manag, vol.7, pp.87-115, 2005.

P. W. Langen and A. A. Pallis, Entry barriers in seaports. Marit. Policy Manag, vol.34, pp.427-440, 2007.

F. Parola and A. W. Veenstra, The spatial coverage of shipping lines and container terminal operators, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.16, pp.292-299, 2008.

K. Cullinane, The container shipping industry and the impact of China's accession to the WTO, Res. Transp. Econ, vol.12, pp.221-245, 2005.

F. Parola, T. E. Notteboom, G. Satta, and J. P. Rodrigue, Analysis of factors underlying foreign entry strategies of terminal operators in container ports, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.33, pp.72-84, 2013.

, Promote the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Vision and Action of the Maritime Silk Road in Twenty-First Century, p.28, 2015.

, National Development and Reform Commission

, Vision for Maritime Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative, State Oceanic Administration, p.17, 2017.

C. Ducruet and I. Lugo, Structure and dynamics of transportation networks: Models, concepts, and applications. In The SAGE Handbook of Transport Studies, vol.20

J. P. Rodrigue, T. E. Notteboom, and J. Shaw, , pp.347-364, 2013.

P. Crucitti, V. Latora, and S. Porta, Centrality in networks of urban streets, Chaos, vol.16, pp.1-9, 2006.

S. Porta, P. Crucitti, and V. Latora, The network analysis of urban streets:A primal approach, Environ. Plan. B, vol.33, pp.705-725, 2005.

F. Wang, A. Antipova, and S. Porta, Street centrality and land use intensity in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. J. Transp. Geogr, vol.19, pp.285-293, 2011.

J. Wang, H. Mo, F. Wang, and F. Jin, Exploring the network structure and nodal centrality of, China. J. Transp. Geogr, vol.19, pp.712-721, 2011.

J. E. Wang, H. H. Mo, and F. J. Jin, Spatial Structural Characteristics of Chinese Aviation Network Based on Complex Network Theory, Acta Geogr. Sin, vol.27, pp.112-120, 2008.

J. E. Wang, J. J. Jiao, and J. Huang, Theory and methodology of transportation development and location measures, Acta Geogr. Sin, vol.73, pp.666-676, 2018.

Z. X. Fang, H. C. Yu, and S. Q. Huang, Review of Research Works on Maritime Network, Geo-Inf. Sci, vol.20, pp.554-563, 2018.

H. H. Mo, F. J. Jin, Y. Liu, and J. E. Wang, Net work Analysis on Centrality of Airport System, Acta Geogr. Sin, vol.30, pp.204-212, 2010.

U. Brandes and T. Erlebach, Network Analysis:Methodological Foundations, 2005.

S. L. Shaw, Hub structures of major US passenger airlines, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.1, pp.47-58, 1997.

C. Wang, M. J. Wang, and Y. Wang, Identification of Chinese key nodes in the shipping network of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, Prog. Geogr, vol.37, pp.1485-1498, 2018.

K. Zhong, Y. Xiao, J. Xu, F. Ma, Y. Liu et al., Measuring city centralities based on the train network of China, Geo-Inf. Sci, vol.14, pp.85-93, 2012.

A. Shimbel, Structural parameters of communication networks, Bull. Math. Biophys, vol.15, pp.501-507, 1953.

W. L. Garrison, Connectivity of the interstate highway system, Pap. Reg. Sci. Assoc, vol.6, pp.121-137, 1960.

F. R. Pitts, A graph theoretic approach to historical geography, Prof. Geogr, vol.17, pp.15-20, 1965.

J. Wang, F. Jin, H. Mo, and F. Wang, Spatiotemporal evolution of China's railway network in the 20th century: An accessibility approach, Transp. Res. Part A, vol.43, pp.765-778, 2009.

L. L. Rong, T. Z. Guo, and J. W. Wang, Centralities of nodes in complex networks, J. Univ. Shanghai Sci. Technol, vol.30, pp.227-230, 2018.

A. Bavelas, A mathematical model for group structure, Hum. Organ, vol.7, pp.16-30, 1948.

L. C. Freeman, A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness, Sociometry, vol.40, pp.35-41, 1977.

F. R. Pitts, The medieval river trade network of Russia revisited, Soc. Netw, vol.1, pp.285-292, 1978.

D. K. Fleming and Y. Hayuth, Spatial characteristics of transportation hubs: Centrality and intermediacy, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.2, pp.3-18, 1994.

T. E. Notteboom, Towards a new intermediate hub region in container shipping? Relay and interlining via the Cape route vs. the Suez route, J. Transp. Geogr, vol.22, pp.164-178, 2012.

C. Ducruet, The polarization of global container flows by interoceanic canals: Geographic coverage and network vulnerability, Marit. Policy Manag, vol.43, pp.242-260, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00749639

T. Grundy, Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter's five forces model, vol.15, pp.213-229, 2006.

C. Dong, Strategies for Chinese container terminal operators to expand overseas under the strategy of the Belt and Road. Port Econ, vol.9, pp.36-37, 2015.

L. Long and Y. X. Ji, International experience and inspiration for global terminal operators. Port Econ, Chinese) © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, vol.8, pp.46-49, 2013.