OSL and TL dating of the Middle Stone Age sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): a clarification
Chantal Tribolo
(1)
,
Norbert Mercier
(2, 1)
,
Éric Douville
(3, 4)
,
J.-L. Joron
(5)
,
J.-L. Reyss
(3, 6)
,
D. Rufer
(7)
,
Nadia Cantin
(1)
,
Yannick Y. Lefrais
(1)
,
C. Miller
(8)
,
G. Porraz
(9)
,
J. Parkington
(10)
,
J.-P. Rigaud
(11)
,
P.-J. Texier
(11)
1
IRAMAT -
Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux
2 CIMMA - Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers
3 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
4 GEOTRAC - Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
5 LPS - Laboratoire Pierre Süe
6 OCEANIS - Océan et Interfaces
7 Institut für Geologie [Bern]
8 Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
9 ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
10 Quaternary Research Centre and Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town
11 PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
2 CIMMA - Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers
3 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
4 GEOTRAC - Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
5 LPS - Laboratoire Pierre Süe
6 OCEANIS - Océan et Interfaces
7 Institut für Geologie [Bern]
8 Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
9 ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
10 Quaternary Research Centre and Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town
11 PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
Chantal Tribolo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 20687
- IdHAL : chantal-tribolo
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0506-2430
- IdRef : 075764628
Norbert Mercier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 170956
- IdHAL : norbert-mercier
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6375-9108
- IdRef : 163762716
Éric Douville
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 181282
- IdHAL : eric-douville
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6673-1768
- IdRef : 171629655
Nadia Cantin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 181650
- IdHAL : nadia-cantin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5568-0942
Yannick Y. Lefrais
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 183293
- IdHAL : yannick-lefrais
- IdRef : 228238838
G. Porraz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 183405
- IdHAL : guillaumeporraz
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0103-9583
- IdRef : 098323679
P.-J. Texier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1045191
Résumé
Diepkloof Rock Shelter offers an exceptional opportunity to study the onset and evolution of both Still Bay (SB) and Howiesons Poort (HP) techno-complexes. However, previous age estimates based on luminescence dating of burnt quartzites (Tribolo et al., 2009) and of sediments (Jacobs et al., 2008) were not in agreement. Here, we present new luminescence ages for 17 rock samples (equivalent dose estimated with a SAR-ITL protocol instead of classical MAAD-TL) as well as for 5 sediment samples (equivalent dose estimated with SAR-single grain OSL protocol) and an update of the 22 previous age estimates for burnt lithics (modified calibration and beta dose estimates). While a good agreement between the rock and sediment ages is obtained, these estimates are still significantly older than those reported by Jacobs et al. (2008). After our own analyses of the sediment from Diepkloof, it is suspected that these authors did not correctly chose the parameters for the equivalent dose determination, leading to an underestimate of the equivalent doses, and thus of the ages.
From bottom to top, the mean ages are 100 ± 10 ka for stratigraphic unit (SU) Noël and 107 ± 11 ka for SU Mark (uncharacterized Lower MSA), 100 ± 10 ka for SU Lynn-Leo (Pre-SB type Lynn), 109 ± 10 ka for SUs Kim-Larry (SB), 105 ± 10 ka for SUs Kerry-Kate and 109 ± 10 ka for SU Jess (Early HP), 89 ± 8 ka for SU Jude (MSA type Jack), 77 ± 8 ka for SU John, 85 ± 9 ka for SU Fox, 83 ± 8 ka for SU Fred and 65 ± 8 ka for SU OB5 (Intermediate HP), 52 ± 5 ka for SUs OB2-4 (Late HP).
This chronology, together with the technological analyses, greatly modifies the current chrono-cultural model regarding the SB and the HP and has important archaeological implications. Indeed, SB and HP no longer appear as short-lived techno-complexes with synchronous appearances for each and restricted to Oxygen Isotopic Stage (OIS) 4 across South Africa, as suggested by Jacobs et al. (2008, 2012). Rather, the sequence of Diepkloof supports a long chronology model with an early appearance of both SB and HP in the first half of OIS 5 and a long duration of the HP into OIS 3. These new dates imply that different technological traditions coexisted during OIS 5 and 4 in southern Africa and that SB and HP can no longer be considered as horizon markers.
Domaines
Archéologie et PréhistoireFormat du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Résumé |
en
Diepkloof Rock Shelter offers an exceptional opportunity to study the onset and evolution of both Still Bay (SB) and Howiesons Poort (HP) techno-complexes. However, previous age estimates based on luminescence dating of burnt quartzites (Tribolo et al., 2009) and of sediments (Jacobs et al., 2008) were not in agreement. Here, we present new luminescence ages for 17 rock samples (equivalent dose estimated with a SAR-ITL protocol instead of classical MAAD-TL) as well as for 5 sediment samples (equivalent dose estimated with SAR-single grain OSL protocol) and an update of the 22 previous age estimates for burnt lithics (modified calibration and beta dose estimates). While a good agreement between the rock and sediment ages is obtained, these estimates are still significantly older than those reported by Jacobs et al. (2008). After our own analyses of the sediment from Diepkloof, it is suspected that these authors did not correctly chose the parameters for the equivalent dose determination, leading to an underestimate of the equivalent doses, and thus of the ages.
From bottom to top, the mean ages are 100 ± 10 ka for stratigraphic unit (SU) Noël and 107 ± 11 ka for SU Mark (uncharacterized Lower MSA), 100 ± 10 ka for SU Lynn-Leo (Pre-SB type Lynn), 109 ± 10 ka for SUs Kim-Larry (SB), 105 ± 10 ka for SUs Kerry-Kate and 109 ± 10 ka for SU Jess (Early HP), 89 ± 8 ka for SU Jude (MSA type Jack), 77 ± 8 ka for SU John, 85 ± 9 ka for SU Fox, 83 ± 8 ka for SU Fred and 65 ± 8 ka for SU OB5 (Intermediate HP), 52 ± 5 ka for SUs OB2-4 (Late HP).
This chronology, together with the technological analyses, greatly modifies the current chrono-cultural model regarding the SB and the HP and has important archaeological implications. Indeed, SB and HP no longer appear as short-lived techno-complexes with synchronous appearances for each and restricted to Oxygen Isotopic Stage (OIS) 4 across South Africa, as suggested by Jacobs et al. (2008, 2012). Rather, the sequence of Diepkloof supports a long chronology model with an early appearance of both SB and HP in the first half of OIS 5 and a long duration of the HP into OIS 3. These new dates imply that different technological traditions coexisted during OIS 5 and 4 in southern Africa and that SB and HP can no longer be considered as horizon markers.
|
Titre |
en
OSL and TL dating of the Middle Stone Age sequence at Diepkloof Rock Shelter (South Africa): a clarification
|
Auteur(s) |
Chantal Tribolo
1
, Norbert Mercier
2, 1
, Éric Douville
3, 4
, J.-L. Joron
5
, J.-L. Reyss
3, 6
, D. Rufer
7
, Nadia Cantin
1
, Yannick Y. Lefrais
1
, C. Miller
8
, G. Porraz
9
, J. Parkington
10
, J.-P. Rigaud
11
, P.-J. Texier
11
1
IRAMAT -
Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux
( 42827 )
- Univ.de Techno.Belfort Montbél. Rue du Château 90010 BELFORT CEDEX
- France
2
CIMMA -
Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers
( 886 )
- France
3
LSCE -
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
( 518 )
- Bât. 12,
avenue de la Terrasse,
F-91198 GIF-SUR-YVETTE CEDEX
- France
4
GEOTRAC -
Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie
( 578523 )
- LSCE. CEA Paris-Saclay. Orme des merisiers. 91190 Saint-Aubin.
- France
5
LPS -
Laboratoire Pierre Süe
( 1375 )
- bât. 637 et bât. 639 CE Saclay 91191 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX
- France
6
OCEANIS -
Océan et Interfaces
( 1007945 )
- LSCE. CEA Paris-Saclay. Orme des merisiers. 91190 Saint-Aubin.
- France
7
Institut für Geologie [Bern]
( 31882 )
- Baltzerstrasse 1+3, 3012 Bern
- Suisse
8
Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
( 538568 )
- Allemagne
9
ArScAn -
Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
( 1003 )
- MSH Mondes (bâtiment René-Ginouvès). 21, allée de l’Université 92023 NANTERRE Cedex
- France
10
Quaternary Research Centre and Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town
( 27417 )
- Afrique du Sud
11
PACEA -
De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
( 205557 )
- Université de Bordeaux - Bâtiment B8 - CS50023 - Allée Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 33615 Pessac Cedex
- France
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Langue du document |
Anglais
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Volume |
40
|
Numéro |
9
|
Date de publication |
2013-09
|
Page/Identifiant |
3401-3411
|
Domaine(s) |
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.001 |
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