, Subramanya Iyer 1992: 75) is a salient feature of Bhart?hari's work, though Patañjali already paid attention to various points of view, p.121, 2009.

, Another key idea developped by Bhart?hari-but already formulated by Patañjali, though slightly differently and not on the same scale-is that linguistic units can be conceived of as different from the sounds that reveal them (cf. Bronkhorst 1998b: 382) and, as such, they are called spho?a. As noted by Subramania Iyer (1992: 160), the notion of spho?a is the grammarians' answer to the problem raised by the understanding of a meaning from sounds which are uttered in a temporal sequence (and, therefore, which cannot cooperate to convey the meaning). Bhart?hari innovates in making spho?a the meaning-bearer (cf. §2.2.1), thus inaugurating a long series of debates, inside as well as outside grammar (cf, One of the key ideas in Bhart?hari's philosophy is that any whole is more real than its constituents, pp.77-105, 1980.

, The advent of grammarians' views"), which consists in a collection of 76 stanzas dealing with syntax, semantics and philosophy of language; the Siddh?ntakaumud?, The Siddh?ntakaumud? of Bha??oji D?k?ita Bha??oji D?k?ita (late 16 th century

, This work does indeed represent a turning point in the Sanskrit grammatical tradition: it is the most accomplished arrangement of P??inian rules by topic (or prakriy?, cf. §1.2 "Grammar"). Grammars arranged by topic are mainly organized according to kinds of pada: the rules which introduce constituent units of one kind of pada as well as the rules which teach operations which apply inside the pada's boundaries are gathered together (contrary to the A???dhy?y?, cf. §2.1.2). The Siddh?ntakaumud? brought the prakriy? method to such a level of refinement-including all the P??inian rules, but also K?ty?yana's v?rttikas and some of Patañjali's observations-that it was very successful and eclipsed P??ini's grammar itself, Bha??oji D?k?ita is widely known for his Siddh?ntakaumud?

, N?ge?a's works

. N?ge?a, The chest of grammarians' conclusions", in three recensions grammarians: a) the noun would denote the generic property, the individual and the gender, b) it would denote these three items plus the number, c) it would denote these four items plus the semantic role the noun takes on within the sentence (cf, The Light, pp.70-71, 1963.

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