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, K¯ al¯ ?kulakram¯ arcana of Vimalaprabodha. NAK 5-5188, NGMPP Reel No. A148/10. Paper; Newari script

, K¯ alik¯ akushe'), NGMPP Reel No. C 49/3. Palm-leaf; early East Indian script, K¯ al¯ ?kulapã nca´satakanca´sataka. 1. N 1 : Kathmandu, Kaisar Library, vol.524

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M. Witzel and A. Griffiths, A List of Paippal¯ ada-Atharva-vedin Settlements, ¯ Atharvan. ´ a, pp.167-179, 2002.

, The Par¯ atri´sik¯atri´sik¯ a Laghuvritti by Abhinavagupta. KSTS 68. Srinagar. 1947b Paratrishika-Tatparyadipika and Shakta Vijnanam of Somananda. KSTS 74. Srinagar. Conclusion It is very likely that Bhat. t. a Jayanta, the ninth century Kashmirian scholar, was a Paippal¯ adin brahmin. Moreover, it results most naturally from the evidence 51 In fact´Sabarasv¯fact´ fact´Sabarasv¯ amin mentions in´S¯in´ in´S¯ abarabh¯ as. ya ad 2.4.8 only K¯ at. haka, K¯ al¯ apaka and Paippal¯ adaka, and not Maudaka. Maybe Jayanta, without checking the original passage in´S¯in´ in´S¯ abarabh¯ as, 1947.

A. Cf and . Griffiths, h¯ ?nasipaippal¯ adi-] LMV; pait. h¯ ?nasam. pappal¯ ada-K 55 ca] LK; om. MV 56 In the discussion of 'brahminness' (br¯ ahman. atva), it is not historically common to mention Paippal¯ adins. In Taittir¯ ?ya-Sam. hit¯ a vv. 3574-3578 and Tattvasa ? ngrahapã njik¯ a thereon, ´ S¯ antaraks. ita (c. 725-788) and Kamala´s¯Kamala´s¯ ?la (c. 740-795) compare brahmins with´swith´ with´s ¯ udras without mentioning any particular group of brahmins. Neither does Karn. akagomin mention any such subcategory (PVSVT. 10), vol.10

D. Bhattacharya, The Identity of the Atharvavedic Tradition of Kashmir, In: Prajñ¯Praj?Prajñ¯ ajyoti. Prof. Dr. Gopikamohan Bhattacharya Commemoration, pp.1-7, 1991.

J. Bhattacharyya and . Vallabha, Jayanta Bhat. t . a's Ny¯ aya-Mã njar¯ ?, vol.1, 1978.

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M. Bergunder-und-rahul and P. Das, Verlag der Franckeschen Stiftungen zu Halle, pp.57-78

C. Dezs?-o, Much Ado About Religion': A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation of the ¯ Agamad. ambara, a Satirical Play by the ninth century Kashmirian philosopher Bhat. t . a Jayanta. D. Phil. thesis submitted to Balliol College, Damodar Vishnu 1952 Citations in´Sabarain´ in´Sabara-Bh¯ as. ya. Poona: Deccan College, 2004.

A. Griffiths, Paippal¯ ada Mantras in the Kau´sikasKau´sikas ¯ utra, The Vedas. Texts, Language & Ritual. Proceedings of the Third International Vedic Workshop, pp.49-99, 2002.

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W. T. Bhat and A. Adin, , p.327

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. Cp, Sr¯ ?vara's programmatic statement on this issue: ken¯ api hetun¯ a tena proktam. madgurun. ¯ a na yat | tac ches. avartin¯ ?m. v¯ an. ¯ ?m. karis. y¯ ami yath¯ amati, SLAJE, issue.7, 2004.

, GRIFFITHS' observation is interesting in itself, but it does not carry much weight in the present issue of locating Pseudo-Jonar¯ aja's 'Karn. ¯ at. a'. The less so, since there is epigraphical evidence for the presence of Atharvavedic brahmins in 'Southern Karn. ¯ at. a' (? the Vijayanagara area) around AD 1430, approximately the time of the presumable dating of the Kashmirian codex (AD 1419): see reference no. 22 in Annette Schmiedchen's contribution to this volume. Furthermore, in Kalhan. a's earlier R¯ ajatara ? ngin. ¯ ?, Karn. ¯ at. a is used clearly with reference to the South Indian region. Cp. the discussion of king Hars, As GRIFFITHS saw it, any part of the region ruled in the 15 th century by king Kapilendradeva could have been referred to with Karn. ¯ at, p.43, 2002.

, STEIN 1900 (I): 11 on RT I 50f and chart on p. 134. Cp. also WITZEL, p.31, 1990.

. Mbh, , vol.41

, MBh VII, vol.69, pp.65-67

, STEIN 1900 (I): 11 (Introduction)

, pointing to a (ritually active) Brahmin householder, see SLAJE, On the significance of the appellative 'Bhat, 2006.

, See Ps-JRT 114*, p.149, 1078.

, This ratio corresponds with the general Indian standards as given by KIRFEL (1920: 332). However, according to KIRFEL, a difference should be made between m¯ as. as and silver m¯ as. as (r ¯ upyam¯ as. a). If we adapt the raupyam¯ as. a of our texts to KIRFEL's system, and accept with Pseudo-Jonar¯ aja a ? Gizya of 2 silver palas instead of three, the ratio would BHAT. T. AS, SULT. ¯ ANS, AND THE KASHMIRIAN ATHARVAVEDA 351R¯ ajatara ? ngin. ¯ ? of Jonar¯ aja. Ed. with text comparative and critical annotations and an elaborate introduction by Srikanth KAUL, p.149, 1089.

. Hoshiarpur, R¯ ajatarangini of Jonar¯ aj. Transl., with crit.. .. notes in Hindi by Raghunath SINGH. [The Jaikrishnadas-Krishnadas, 1967.

. Kaul, Srikanth 1967 R¯ ajatara ? ngin. ¯ ? of Jonar¯ aja. Ed. with text comparative and critical annotations and an elaborate introduction by Srikanth KAUL

. Hoshiarpur and . Khan, Iqtidar Alam 2004 Gunpowder and Firearms. Warfare in Medieval India

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¯. Des-kalhan,

A. K. Majumdar,

. Bombay and I. Mak-yasuke, The History and Culture of the Indian People, Map of Ancient T¯ ?rthas in Kashmir Valley. In: A Study of the N¯ ?lamata. Aspects of Hinduism in Ancient Kashmir. Ed. by Yasuke IKARI, pp.425-442, 1960.

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. Vols, , 1969.

-. Ps and . Aja, R¯ ajatara ? ngin. ¯ ?)

. Rt-(kalhan, R¯ ajatara ? ngin. ¯ ?)

. Kalhan, a's R¯ ajatara ? ngin. ¯ ?. Chronicle of the kings of Ka´sm¯Ka´sm¯ ?r. Sanskrit text with crit. notes, 1892.

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W. Slaje,

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J. E. Schwartzberg, A Historical Atlas of South Asia. 2 nd impression with additional material, 1992.

R. Singh, R¯ ajatarangini of Jonar¯ aj. Transl., with crit.. .. notes in Hindi. [The Jaikrishnadas-Krishnadas Prachyavidya Granthamala, vol.4, 1972.

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A. ,

, Kaschmir im Mittelalter und die Quellen der Geschichtswissenschaft, Essay mit Anmerkungen. In: IIJ, vol.48, pp.1-70

, Y¯ ajñavalkyaaj?ajñavalkya-br¯ ahman. as and the Early M¯ ?m¯ am. s¯ a. In: M¯ ?m¯ am. s¯ a gvedins, fourthly Atharvavedins-NJAMMASCH

, In this Navalakhi copper-plate charter of Maitraka king´Sil¯king´ king´Sil¯ aditya I, only the names of the donees are listed, and it is reported that they belonged to different gotras, Vedic schools

, The exact findspot of the so-called Bengal Asiatic Society plate of the Gurjara-Pratih¯ ara ruler Vin¯ ayakap¯ ala, a devout worshipper of the sun god (param¯ adityabhakta) dated in the Vikrama year 988 (= 931 AD)-no. 14 of appendices I and III-is not known, As in the Chammak inscription of the V¯ ak¯ at. akas, however, it remains unclear whether or not this group also included some Atharvavedins

, Only very few copper-plate grants issued under the Gurjara-Pratih¯ ara kings, who controlled huge territories from Gujarat in the west to Bihar in the east, are available now. 21 The eight relevant epigraphs (9 th-11 th centuries) listed 17 For the distribution of Atharvavedic Brahmins (of thé Saunaka´s¯Saunaka´s¯ akh¯ a) in the late 19 th century, see also the "prefatory addenda, VISHVA BANDHU 1960: XIII-XXXII

. See and N. For-instance, , pp.279-280, 2001.

. Cf and . Bhandarkar, 19-25:. .. sam. gapur¯ ?vinirggatan¯ an¯ agotracaran. atapassva(sv¯ a)ddhy¯ ayopetabr¯ ahman. a ?. .. evam. catu´scatv¯catu´scatv¯ ari ? n´saten´sate br¯ ahman. ebhyah, The phrase has been misinterpreted by NJAMMASCH, vol.12, pp.179-180, 1911.

. Cf, (rbbhi)sagottra-atharvvasavra(bra)hmac¯ aribhat. t . abhull¯ ak¯ aya, = IA, vol.15, issue.14, p.141, 1886.

, The Gurjara-Pratih¯ aras seem to have issued considerably more stone inscriptions than copper-plate records

;. V. Basim-plates and . Mirashi, Basim Plates of Vakataka Vindhyasakti II, Epigraphia Indica, vol.26, issue.20, pp.137-155, 1941.

V. V. Mirashi, B¯ asim Plates of Vindhya´saktiVindhya´sakti II, Inscriptions of the V¯ ak¯ at. akas. [Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum 5, pp.93-100, 1963.

:. V. Tirodi-plates and . Mirashi, Tirodi Plates of Pravarasena II, Epigraphia Indica, vol.22, issue.27, pp.167-176, 1933.

V. V. Mirashi and . Tirod, ¯ ? Plates of Pravarasena II, Inscriptions of the V¯ ak¯ at. akas. [Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum 5, pp.48-52, 1963.

, Hit. na Hebb¯ agilu Plates of Mr?ge´savarman Mr? Mr?ge´Mr?ge´savarman, Year 7. In: Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas, pp.79-81, 1996.

:. K. Sangolli-plates and . Dikshit, Sangoli Plates of Hari-Varman: The 8th Year, Epigraphia Indica, vol.14, pp.163-168, 1917.

G. S. Gai, Sa ? ngol. l. i Plates of Harivarman, Year 8, Inscriptions of the Early Kadambas, pp.125-126, 1996.

:. S. Godavari-plates and . Sankaranarayanan, Godavari Plates (Set I) of Pr?thiv¯ Pr? Pr?thiv¯ ?m ¯ ula, Year 25, The Vishn. ukun. d. is and Their Times, pp.182-184, 1977.

B. Plates and ;. Uhler, Grants from Valabh??Valabh??. A.-The Grant of Dhruvasena I, In: Indian Antiquary, vol.5, pp.204-206, 1876.

:. D. Bhadva-plates and . Diskalkar, Bh¯ adv¯ a Copper Plates of Dharasena II of (Gupta) Sam. vat 252, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol.4, pp.33-41, 1923.

;. D. Bhavnagar-plates and . Diskalkar, Two Unpublished Valabhi Grants. B.-Bhavnagar plates of Dharasena III, Epigraphia Indica, vol.21, issue.30 B, pp.181-184, 1931.

:. G. Lunavada-plates, Further Valabh??Valabh?? Grants. C.-The Grant of´S??lâdityaof´ of´S?of´S??lâditya V, Indian Antiquary 6 (1877), pp.16-21

;. V. Kaira-plates and . Mirashi, Kaira Plates of Dadda II (Prasantaraga): (Kalachuri) Year 380. In: Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, pp.57-66, 1955.

:. J. Nirmand-plate and . Fleet, Nirmand Copper-Plate Inscription of the Mahasamanta and Maharaja Samudrasena, Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings and Their Successors. [Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum 3, vol.1888, pp.286-291

J. , Nirmand CopperPlate Inscription of Mah¯ as¯ amanta Mah¯ ar¯ aja Samudrasena, Inscriptions of Haryana, pp.326-330, 2001.

:. R. Neulpur-plate and . Banerji, Neulpur Grant of Subhakara: The 8th (sic!) year, Epigraphia Indica, vol.15, pp.1-8, 1919.

S. Tripathy, Neulpur Plate of´Subh¯of´ of´Subh¯ akaradeva, Year 30, Inscriptions of the Bhaumakaras, vol.2, pp.110-115, 2000.

, Orissa State Museum Copper Plate Grant of Silabhanja, Regnal Year 11, The Orissa Historical Research Journal, vol.45, pp.14-28, 2000.

, Bengal Asiatic Society's Plate of the Maharaja Vinayakapala. (Harsha)-Samvat 188 (sic!), In: Indian Antiquary, vol.15, pp.138-141, 1886.

A. Schmiedchen,

, Two New Copper-plate Inscriptions

, and 2) of King Gopala II, Pala Dynasty of Bengal and Bihar

, Pratna Samiksha 6-8 (1997-1999), pp.71-77

S. C. Mukherji, Two New Copper Plates of King Gop¯ ala II of the P¯ ala Dynasty of Bengal and Bihar, Journal of Bengal Art, vol.5, issue.1, pp.61-64, 2000.

, Two New Copper-plate Inscriptions

, and 2) of King Gopala II, Pala Dynasty of Bengal and Bihar

, Pratna Samiksha 6-8 (1997-1999), pp.77-80

S. C. Mukherji, Two New Copper Plates of King Gop¯ ala II of the P¯ ala Dynasty of Bengal and Bihar, Regnal Year 4 (c. 877 A.D.). B. Copper Plate no, Journal of Bengal Art, vol.5, issue.2, pp.64-65, 2000.

:. D. Belwa-plate and . Sircar, Two Pala Plates from Belwa. B.-Plate of Vigrahap¯ ala III; Regnal Year 11, Epigraphia Indica, vol.29, pp.9-13, 1951.

:. D. Paschimbhag-plate and . Sircar, Paschimbhag Plate of´Sr¯of´ of´Sr¯ ?candra, Regnal Year 5, Epigraphic Discoveries in East Pakistan, pp.63-69, 1973.

:. R. Madhainagar-plate, Bandhyop¯ adhy¯ aya. M¯ adh¯ ainagar Grant of Laks. man. a Sena, Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol.5, pp.467-476, 1909.

N. G. Majumdar, M¯ adh¯ ainagar Copper-Plate of Lakshman. asena, Containing Inscriptions of the Candras, the Varmans and the Senas, vol.3, pp.106-115, 1929.

R. Mukherji and S. K. Maity, M¯ adh¯ ainagar Copper-plate of Laks. man. asena (12th Century AD), Corpus of Bengal Inscriptions. Bearing on History and Civilization of Bengal, pp.277-289, 1967.

:. D. Chandravati-plates and . Sahni, Chandravati Plates of Chandradeva: V.S. 1150 and 1156.(A) Plates of Vikrama-Samvat 1150, Epigraphia Indica, vol.14, issue.18, pp.192-209, 1917.

, Ennayiram Inscription, vol.333, pp.145-146, 1917.

:. G. Goa-plates and . Khare, Kadam. ba Tribhuvanamallak¯ al¯ ?na eka t¯ amrapat. a ´ Saka 1028, Sources of the Medieval History of the Deccan, vol.4, pp.45-56, 1951.

P. B. Desai, Copper-Plate Grant of Kadamba Tribhuvanamalla; Saka 1028, Epigraphia Indica, vol.30, issue.15, pp.71-77, 1953.

, Srirangapattana Plates [of Devar¯ aya II of Vijayanagara; ´ Saka 1352 = 1430 AD]: Epigraphia Carnatica, vol.6, pp.616-619, 1977.

, EPIGRAPHICAL EVIDENCE FOR ATHARVAVEDIC BRAHMINS, vol.379

, Appendix IV Map showing find-spots of inscriptions containing evidence for Atharvavedic Brahmins For those inscriptions whose precise find-spots are not known, a rough localization is given, and in these cases use is made of the following indications, OSM: Nayagarh] Orissa State Museum Plates

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R. D. Banerji, /20 The Amgachhi Grant of Vigraha-Pala III: The 12 th Year, Epigraphia Indica 15, pp.293-301, 1919.

H. M. Bhandarkar, /12 Navalakhi Plates of Siladitya I, Epigraphia Indica, vol.11, pp.174-180, 1911.

D. Bhattacharya, Two Difficult Readings in the Paippal¯ adasam. hit¯ a-snus. ¯ eyyam. and m¯ a vr. ks. amajy¯ a etc, Journal of the Asiatic Society, vol.43, pp.9-15, 2001.

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C. C. Das-gupta, /31 Some Notes on the ¯ Adi-Bhã njas of Khijji ? nga Kot. t. a, Earlier Bhã njas of KhiñjaliKhi?Khiñjali-Man. d. ala, Bhã njas of Bauda and Later Bhã njas of, 1930.

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D. B. Diskalkar, /60 Atharvaveda and Epigraphi (sic!), In: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay, New Series, pp.75-83, 1959.

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D. C. Ganguly, /32 Saktipur Copper-Plate of Lakshmanasena, Epigraphia Indica, vol.21, pp.211-219, 1931.

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F. Kielhorn, /97 Twenty-one Copper-Plates of the Kings of Kanauj, Samvat 1171 to 1233. In: Epigraphia Indica, vol.4, pp.97-129, 1896.

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D. C. Sircar, /52 Bangaon Plate of Vigrahapala III; Regnal Year 17, Epigraphia Indica 29, pp.48-57, 1951.

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