V. L. Glazychev, project supervisors Katerina Gerasimova and Susan Katz). The interviews cited were conducted by the author. This article does not utilize any of the material collected on Moscow museums. 2. Areas were selected that provided examples to illustrate this article's basic tenets; only museums that the author was able to visit in person were included. The Northwest and the Volga Region are special in that the opportunities to study new management methods were greater there than elsewhere in Russia. On the cultural and societal milieu in the Volga Region, see, CEC International Partners and the Center for Independent Sociological Research, 1999.

, The Museum of the Political History of Russia (formerly the Museum of the October Revolution) in St. Petersburg, the Smol'nyi Historical and Memorial Museum in St. Petersburg, the St. Petersburg Museum of the Revolutionary and Democratic Movement, the S.M. Kirov House Museum in St. Petersburg, the A.M. Gor'kii museums in Nizhnii Novgorod and Kazan, the Chapaev Museum in Cheboksary, and the Elizarov Apartment Museum in

, The Anna Akhmatova Museum at the Fountain House in St. Petersburg and the A.D. Sakharov Memorial Apartment Museum in Nizhnii Novgorod

G. Hagoort and A. Management, , 2000.

L. Turgeon and E. Dubuc, Musées d'ethnologie: nouveaux défis, nouveaux terrains, Ethnologies, vol.24, issue.2. 7, 1995.

E. P. Alexander, Museums in Motion: An Introduction to the History and Function of Museums (Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1979.

K. Gerasimova and S. Chuikina, Ot kapitalisticheskogo Peterburga k sotsialisticheskomu Leningradu: izmenenie sotsial'no-prostranstvennoi struktury goroda v 30-e gody, Normy i tsennosti povsednevnoi zhizni: stanovlenie sotsialisticheskogo obraza zhizni v Rossii v 1920-e-1930-e gody, pp.27-74, 2000.

E. Korchagin, Magazin pri muzee," in Materialy rossiisko-britanskogo seminara "Muzei Sankt-Peterburga v usloviiakh rynochnoi ekonomiki, 1997.

, Programs for Russian arts managers within Russia have also been funded by the US State Department, the European Union, the European Commission, the Eurasia Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Trust for Mutual Understanding, the J. Paul Getty Trust, the Kettering Family Foundation, the McCormick Foundation, the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, the Starr Foundation, the Fund for Arts and Culture in Central and Eastern Europe, and the foreign ministries of various countries. Among Russian organizations offering short-term seminars for art managers, museum that the museum is not permitted to spend but instead invests (in consultation with outside financial experts) and receives regular income from those investments. 13, 1966.

. See, E. Particular, and . Soboleva, Mezhdunarodnye obrazovatel'nye programmy dlia rossiiskikh menedzherov kul'tury-itogi desiatiletiia, VI World Congress for Central and East European Studies: Divergencies, Convergencies, Uncertainties: Abstracts (Tampere: International Council for Central and East European Studies, p.403, 2000.

, The most interesting implementation of the idea of regional development through culture is the Cultural Capital of the Volga Region [Kul'turnaia stolitsa Povol'zhia] program, which is directed by S, the Volga Federal District

. Kul'turnyi and . Turizm, Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta ekonomiki i finansov, konvergentsiia kul'tury i turizma na poroge XXI veka: Uchebnoe posobie, 2001.

D. J. Sherman, The Construction of Memory in Interwar France, 1999.

P. Nora, Frantsiia-Pamiat', trans. from the French (St. Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 1999) [a translation of seminal texts from Pierre Nora's Lieux de mémoire-Trans

E. ´-ric-mension-riggau, 22. Interview with Valentina Ivanovna Brovchenkova, director of the Chapaev Museum, 1999.

S. Glezerov, Tipichnyi uglovoi zhilets Vladimir Ul'ianov, Nauchoissledovatel, 1925.

K. A. Stiftung, Foundation

, the Perm-36 Memorial Museum; the National Museum of the Komi Republic

, Prodiuserskii tsentr "Artikam, 2004.

E. Zhessa-anshtet, Pamiat': vechnaia ili kurinaia? Memorial'naia logika v postsovetskoi Rossii, Ab imperio, issue.1, pp.519-557, 2004.

T. A. Ryzhova and A. M. Muzei, Gor'kogo: problemy i poiski (k 75-letiiu so dnia osnovaniia), Nizhegorodskii muzei, issue.1, pp.21-24, 2003.

J. Déotte, L. Oubliez!-les-ruines,-l'europe, and . Musée, l'Harmattan, 1994.

, Association internationale des musées d'histoire / Direction des musées de France / Ministère de l'e ´ducation nationale et de la culture, Musées d'histoire et histoire dans les musées. Actes du séminaire du 17 juin 1992, 1992.