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, For surveys, the forecasting horizon for Livingston is 6 or 12 months, for Michigan 1-year, and for SPF 1-quarter and 4-quarter. For central bank forecasts, the horizon is the current and next calendar years for FOMC and 1-quarter and 4-quarter for Greenbook, Note: Standard errors in brackets. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, 2008.
, Note: Standard errors in brackets. * p < 0.10. ** p < 0.05. *** p < 0.01. Parameters are obtained by estimating with OLS the following equation: FE t.t+h = í µí° ¶ í µí°» + í µí»½ í µí°»1 í µí¼ t+h/t ???????? + í µí»½ í µí°»2 í µí¼ t+h?1/t?1
, for the different categories of economic agents) and the null hypothesis is: the estimated coefficients í µí»½ í µí°»1 and í µí»½ í µí°»2 ?are not significantly different from 0. Market-based forecasts are considered at a daily or monthly frequency. Livingston has a semiannual frequency. Michigan monthly. SPF quarterly. FOMC and Greenbook are taken at a quarterly frequency. N is the size of each sample. For experimental data: PZ indicates data from Pfajfar and Zakelj, ????????????? + í µí¼ í µí±í µí±¡. where í µí»½ í µí°»1 and í µí»½ í µí°»2 are the estimated coefficients. í µí° ¶ í µí°» is a constant. í µí¼ í µí±í µí±¡ is the error term (i stands, p.33, 2008.
, Parameters are obtained by estimating equation (6) with OLS, when considering the unemployment gap instead of the output gap. Market-based forecasts are considered at a daily or monthly frequency, Livingston has a semiannual frequency, Michigan monthly, SPF quarterly. FOMC and Greenbook are taken at a quarterly frequency. N is the size of each sample. For market-based forecasts, the forecasting horizon is 3, 5 and 10 years. For surveys, the horizon for Livingston is 6 or 12 months, for Michigan 1-year, and for SPF 1-quarter and 4-quarter, Note: Standard errors in brackets. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01