Ancient medicine, humanistic medicine: the Renaissance commentaries of Galen, transmission and transformation of knowledge
Résumé
Galen’s treatises, regarded as a fundamental part of medical education, had already been translated into Latin, commented and included in the university curricula of the Middle Ages. Yet there was a new interest in these works developed by Renaissance humanists, who knew Greek and were able to read Galen “in the original”. In order to facilitate the study of these treatises by students whose knowledge of Greek remained inadequate, there were many Latin translations and commentaries of Galen’s works by Renaissance humanists. We will focus on two commented editions of Galen’s De morborum differentiis/causis, De symptomatum differentiis/causis. The fist one (Lyon, 1540) contains the Latin translation of Guillaume Cop and the commentary by François Valleriole, a French physician of Arles. The second one (Paris, 1550) contains the Latin translation and commentary by the German humanist Leonhart Fuchs. Our first purpose is to study the relationship of each translator with the Greek language. The second purpose is to explore the dedicatory epistles and the prologues, in order to detect possible influences of each humanistic milieu on each editorial project. The third purpose is to point out how those humanists, who were medical teachers, physicians and learned men as well, (re)shaped and adapted ancient medical knowledge, continuing and renewing the doctrine of Galen.
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