The collection of essays introduced in this article contributes to the debate on the commercialization of academic science by shifting the focus from institutional developments meant to foster university technology transfer to the actions of individual scientists. Instead of searching for the origins of the ‘entrepreneurial university,’ this special issue examines the personal involvement of academic physicists, engineers, photographic scientists, and molecular biologists in three types of commercial activity: consulting, patenting, and full-blown business entrepreneurship. The authors investigate how this diverse group of teachers and researchers perceived their institutional and professional environments, their career prospects, the commercial value of their knowledge and reputation, and their ability to exploit these assets. By documenting academic scientists’ response to market opportunities, the articles suggest that, already in the decades around 1900, commercial work was widespread and, in some cases, integral to academics’ teaching and research activity.
Commercializing science: nineteenth- and twentieth-century academic scientists as consultants, patentees, and entrepreneurs
Résumé
en
The collection of essays introduced in this article contributes to the debate on the commercialization of academic science by shifting the focus from institutional developments meant to foster university technology transfer to the actions of individual scientists. Instead of searching for the origins of the ‘entrepreneurial university,’ this special issue examines the personal involvement of academic physicists, engineers, photographic scientists, and molecular biologists in three types of commercial activity: consulting, patenting, and full-blown business entrepreneurship. The authors investigate how this diverse group of teachers and researchers perceived their institutional and professional environments, their career prospects, the commercial value of their knowledge and reputation, and their ability to exploit these assets. By documenting academic scientists’ response to market opportunities, the articles suggest that, already in the decades around 1900, commercial work was widespread and, in some cases, integral to academics’ teaching and research activity.
Auteur(s)
Joris Mercelis1
, Gabriel Galvez-Behar2
, Anna Guagnini3
1
JHU -
Johns Hopkins University
( 7668 )
- Baltimore, Maryland 410-516-8000
- États-Unis
2
IRHiS -
Institut de Recherches Historiques du Septentrion (IRHiS) - UMR 8529
( 3182 )
- Bâtiment A Niveau - 1 Rue du Barreau BP 60 149 59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
Université de Lille UMR8529 ( 374570 )
;
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8529 ( 441569 )
3
UNIBO -
Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
( 30978 )
- Via Zamboni, 33 - 40126 Bologna
- Italie
Langue du document
Anglais
Nom de la revue
History and Technology
(ISSN : 0734-1512)
Publié par Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Revue non référencée dans Sherpa-Romeo
Vulgarisation
Non
Comité de lecture
Oui
Audience
Internationale
Date de publication
2017
Date de publication électronique
2017-06-30
Volume
33
Numéro
1
Page/Identifiant
4-22
Domaine(s)
Sciences de l'Homme et Société/Histoire
Sciences de l'Homme et Société/Histoire, Philosophie et Sociologie des sciences
Sciences de l'Homme et Société
Sciences de l'Homme et Société/Economies et finances
N - Economic History/N.N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights
Mots-clés
en
academic patenting, Science commercialization, regimes of knowledge production and diffusion, academic entrepreneurship, academic consulting
Joris Mercelis, Gabriel Galvez-Behar, Anna Guagnini. Commercializing science: nineteenth- and twentieth-century academic scientists as consultants, patentees, and entrepreneurs. History and Technology, 2017, 33 (1), pp.4-22. ⟨10.1080/07341512.2017.1342308⟩. ⟨halshs-01551865⟩