S. Didier, M. Morange, and E. Peyroux, The Adaptative Nature of Neoliberalism at the Local Scale: Fifteen Years of City Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, Antipode, vol.29, issue.1, pp.121-139, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.00987.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01471853

J. Adler, eKhaya ? The anatomy of an inner city residential neighborhood, Trafalgar Inner City Report, pp.23-25, 2008.

R. Ballard, A. Habib, and I. Valodia, Voices of protest: social movements in post-apartheid South Africa, 2006.

J. Beall and O. Crankshaw, Uniting a Divided City, Governance and social exclusion in Johannesburg, 2002.

K. Beavon, Johannesburg. The making of the City Pretoria: University of South Africa Press Bénit-Gbaffou C, Didier S and Morange M (2008) Communities, the Private Sector, and the State: Contested Forms of Security Governance in Cape Town and Johannesburg, Urban Affairs Review, vol.43, pp.691-717, 2004.

C. Bénit-gbaffou, S. Fabiyi, and E. Peyroux, Sécurisation des quartiers et gouvernance locale. Enjeux et défis pour les villes africaines, 2009.

J. Berg, Private policing in South Africa: The Cape Town city improvement district ??? pluralisation in practice, Society in Transition, vol.41, issue.2, pp.224-250, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/21528586.2004.10419117

P. Bond, Reconciliation and economic reaction: Flaws in South Africa's elite transition, Journal of International Affairs, vol.60, issue.1, pp.141-156, 2006.

A. Boraine, Public-private partnerships and urban regeneration in the central city. Lessons from the first 10 years of the Cape Town Partnership. International Downtown Association 55the Annual conference, 2009.

D. Bek, J. A. Binns, and E. L. Nel, Catching the development train'; Perspectives on 'topdown' and 'bottom-up' development in post-apartheid South Africa, Progress in Development Studies, pp.22-46, 2004.

L. Bremner, Reinventing the Johannesburg inner city, Cities, vol.17, issue.3, pp.184-193, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-2751(00)00013-5

N. Brenner and N. Theodore, Cities and the geographies of 'actually existing neoliberalism, 2002.

N. Brenner, J. Peck, and N. Theodore, Variegated neoliberalization: geographies, modalities, pathways, Global Networks, vol.39, issue.2, pp.182-222, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2009.00277.x

N. Brenner, J. Peck, and N. Theodore, After Neoliberalization? Globalizations, pp.327-345, 2010.
DOI : 10.1080/14747731003669669

R. Cameron, Megacities in South Africa: a solution for the new millennium?, Public Administration and Development, vol.22, issue.2, pp.155-165, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1099-162X(200005)20:2<155::AID-PAD120>3.0.CO;2-A

C. City and . Town, Toward an economic development strategy for the City of Cape Town. A discussion paper, 2001.

C. City and . Town, Economic and Human Development Strategy. Cape Town: EHD Directorate City of Cape Town, 2005.

C. City and . Town, Spatial Development Framework, 2009.

S. Didier, M. Morange, and E. Peyroux, The Adaptative Nature of Neoliberalism at the Local Scale: Fifteen Years of City Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, Antipode, vol.29, issue.1, pp.121-139, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.00987.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01471853

J. City, Johannesburg Inner City Regeneration Strategy and Business Plan, 2004.

J. City, Human Development Strategy Joburg's commitment to the poor: Office of the City Manager, Corporate Planning Unit City of Johannesburg Inner City Regeneration Charter Any room for the poor? Forced Evictions in Johannesburg, South Africa: Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions Cook I R (2008) Mobilising Urban Policies: The Policy Transfer of US Business Improvement Districts to England and Wales, City of Johannesburg COHRE Urban Studies, vol.45, issue.4, pp.773-795, 2005.

J. De-beus and T. Koelble, The Third Way diffusion of social democracy: Western Europe and South Africa compared, Politikon, vol.56, issue.2, pp.181-194, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/0198742002.001.0001

S. Didier, E. Peyroux, and M. Morange, La diffusion du modèle du City Improvement District (CID) à Johannesburg et au Cap Paris: IFAS-Karthala Dubresson A (2008) Urbanisme entrepreneurial, pouvoir et aménagement, Les CID au Cap Le Cap après l'apartheid, Gouvernance métropolitaine et changement urbain Accelerated and shared growth initiative for South Africa (ASGI-SA) An Integrated National Strategy for Social Development, Paris: Karthala du Toit C, pp.85-112183, 2006.

V. Eick, Raumgreifender Neoliberalismus Kriminalpolitik und Privatisierung öffentlicher Räume, pp.361-385, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-531-90894-6_21

V. Eick, Security semi-states and the governance of the punitive city: BIDs, a new instrument for containment and exclusion. Paper presented at the 5th international conference of the research network Private Urban Governance & Gated Communities. Santiago de Chile Emery A (2006) Privatization, neoliberal development, and the struggle for workers' rights in postapartheid South Africa, Social Justice, vol.33, issue.3, pp.6-19, 2009.

B. Fine, S. Ashman, and S. Newman, The Developmental State and Post-Liberation South Africa. in Neeta, Misra-Dexter and Judith Testing Democracy: Which Way Is South Africa Going? Social cohesion, social capital and the neighborhood, Cape Town, pp.23-45, 2001.

C. Fuller and M. Geddes, Urban Governance Under Neoliberalism: New Labour and the Restructuring of State-Space, Antipode, vol.21, issue.4, pp.252-282, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-856X.00022

A. Giddens, The Third Way and Its Critics Cambridge: Polity Green-Pedersen C, van Kersbergen K and Hemerijck A (2001) Neo-liberalism, the 'Third Way' or What? Recent Social Democratic Welfare Policies in Denmark and the Netherlands, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.8, issue.2, pp.307-325, 2000.

P. Guillaume, Géographies de l'exclusion, 2001.

D. Harvey, From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, vol.71, issue.1, pp.3-17, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/490503

L. Hoyt, Importing Ideas: The Transnational Transfer of Urban Revitalization Policy, International Journal of Public Administration, vol.31, issue.1-3, pp.221-243, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/S0143814X03003131

W. Larner, Neoliberalism?, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, vol.34, issue.5, pp.509-512, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511488856

S. Didier, M. Morange, and E. Peyroux, The Adaptative Nature of Neoliberalism at the Local Scale: Fifteen Years of City Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg, Antipode, vol.29, issue.1, pp.121-139, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.00987.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01471853

L. Fleur and C. , The levels and patterns of racial residential desegregation in Cape Town, 2005.

H. Leitner, E. Sheppard, K. Sziarto, and A. Maringanti, Contesting urban futures: decentering neoliberalism, Contesting neoliberalism: Urban frontiers, pp.1-26, 2007.

B. Lipietz, Building a Vision for the Post-Apartheid City: What Role for Participation in Johannesburg's City Development Strategy?, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol.3, issue.1, pp.135-63, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00767.x

R. Lippert, Signs of the Surveillant Assemblage: Privacy Regulation, Urban CCTV and Governmentality" Social and Legal Studies, An International Journal, vol.18, issue.4, pp.505-522, 2009.

A. Mabin, Johannesburg: (South) Africa's aspirant global city The Making of Global City Regions, 2007.

E. Mccann and K. Ward, Relationality/territoriality: Toward a conceptualization of cities in the world, Geoforum, vol.41, issue.2, pp.175-184, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.06.006

D. Mcdonald and L. Smith, Privatising Cape Town: From Apartheid to Neo-liberalism in the Mother City, Urban Studies, vol.5, issue.2, pp.1461-1484, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/0042098042000226957

D. Mcdonald, World city syndrome: neoliberalism and inequality in Cape Town, 2008.

H. Marais, SOUTH AFRICA, Diseases of the Chest, vol.11, issue.6, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0096-0217(15)34796-8

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01011026

N. Marquardt and H. Füller, Die Sicherstellung von Urbanität Ambivalente Effekte von BID auf soziale Kontrolle in Los Angelesed) Business Improvement Districts, pp.119-138, 2008.

V. Michie and J. Padayachee, South Africa: A Third Way in the Third World, The Economics of the Third Way, pp.183-200, 2001.

F. Miraftab, Neoliberalism and casualization of public sector services: the case of waste collection services in Cape Town, South Africa, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, vol.38, issue.15, pp.874-892, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-7660.00230

F. Miraftab, Governing Post Apartheid Spatiality: Implementing City Improvement Districts in Cape Town, Antipode, vol.21, issue.1, pp.602-626, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s12132-004-0001-9

D. Mitchell, The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space, 2003.

M. Morange and S. Didier, Gouvernance sécuritaire dans les quartiers riches du Cap 1995-2006 : vers la « normalisation post-apartheid ». Une lecture en termes de temporalités et d'échelles, pp.217-249, 2008.

M. Morange and S. Didier, Le Cap: délégation publique en transition Construction de partenariats sécuritaires et réévaluation du localisme, pp.355-389, 1995.

G. Morçöl and U. Zimmermann, Metropolitan Governance and Business Improvement Districts, International Journal of Public Administration, vol.15, issue.1-3, pp.5-29, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-2257.1993.tb00132.x

A. Morris, Bleakness and light: inner-city transition in Hillbrow Johannesburg, 1999.

M. Murray, Taming the disorderly city: the spatial landscape of Johannesburg after apartheid. Cape Town, 2008.

S. Narsiah, The Neoliberalisation of the Local State in Durban, South Africa, Antipode, vol.29, issue.3, pp.374-403, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00751.x

E. Nell and T. Binns, Initiating 'Developmental Local Government' in South Africa: Evolving Local Economic Development Policy, Regional Studies, vol.32, issue.4, pp.355-362, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/713693816

S. Oldfield and K. Stokke, Political polemics and local practices of community organization and neoliberal politics in South Africa, Contesting neoliberalism: Urban frontiers, pp.139-156, 2007.

S. Parnell and E. Pieterse, Developmental Local Government: The second wave of post-apartheid urban reconstruction, Africanus, vol.29, issue.2, pp.68-85, 1999.

S. Parnell and E. Pieterse, Developmental Local Government Democratising Local Government. The South African experiment Cape Town, pp.79-91, 2002.

S. Parnell and R. J. , Development and Urban Policy: Johannesburg's City Development Strategy, Urban Studies, vol.25, issue.2, pp.337-355, 2006.
DOI : 10.1515/9781400847488

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1028.7222

S. Parnell and R. J. , Re)theorising cities from the global south: looking beyond neoliberalism, 2010.

S. Parnell, E. Pieterse, M. Swilling, and D. Wooldridge, Democratising local government. The South African experiment. Cape Town, 2002.

J. Peck and A. Tickell, Neoliberalizing space, Antipode, vol.34, issue.3, pp.388-392, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/9781444397499.ch2

R. Peet, Ideology, Discourse, and the Geography of Hegemony: From Socialist to Neoliberal Development in Postapartheid South Africa, Antipode, vol.34, issue.1, pp.54-84, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8330.00226

E. Peyroux and . Legitimating, Legitimating Business Improvement Districts in Johannesburg: a discursive perspective on urban regeneration and policy transfer, European Urban and Regional Studies, vol.19, issue.2
DOI : 10.1177/0969776411420034

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00707644

E. Peyroux, City Improvement Districts in Johannesburg: An examination of the local variations of the BID model, Business Improvement Districts, pp.139-162, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00336243

E. Pieterse, From divided to integrated city?, Urban Forum, vol.17, issue.3, pp.3-37, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s12132-002-0001-6

E. Pieterse, Tracing the ???integration??? thread in the South African urban development policy tapestry, Urban Forum, vol.12, issue.2, pp.1-30, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02681229

E. Pieterse, Untangling ???integration??? in urban development policy debates, Urban Forum, vol.12, issue.5, pp.1-35, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s12132-004-0007-3

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.134.318

G. Pirie, Reanimating a Comatose Goddess???: Reconfiguring Central Cape Town, Urban Forum, vol.36, issue.141/142, pp.125-151, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s12132-007-9012-7

M. Plancq-tournadre, Gestion durable de l'eau au Cap (Afrique du Sud) Retour sur la difficile conciliation des durabilités environnementale, financière et sociale, Cybergéo paper 348, 2001.
DOI : 10.4000/cybergeo.2587

URL : http://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.2587

E. J. Popke and R. Ballard, Dislocating Modernity: Identity, Space and Representations of Street Trade in Durban, pp.99-110, 2004.

R. Roumet, Partager la fonction r??pressive??: la collaboration entre la police et une compagnie de s??curit?? priv??e dans un quartier ais?? du Cap, EchoG??o, vol.13, issue.13, 2010.
DOI : 10.4000/echogeo.11927

URL : http://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.11927

J. Seeking and N. Nattras, Class, Race and Inequality in South Africa, 2005.
DOI : 10.12987/yale/9780300108927.001.0001

L. Smith, The murky waters of the second wave of neoliberalism: corporatization as a service delivery model in Cape Town, Geoforum, vol.35, issue.3, pp.375-393, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.05.003

R. Tomlinson, From exclusion to inclusion: rethinking Johannesburg's central city, Environment and Planning A, vol.31, issue.9, pp.31-1655, 1999.
DOI : 10.1068/a311655

E. Töpfer, V. Eick, and J. Sambale, Business Improvement Districts. New Instrument for Containment and Exclusion. Lessons from North America and Britain, PROKLA, vol.149, issue.374, pp.511-528, 2007.

M. Van-donk, M. Swilling, E. Pieterse, and S. Parnell, Consolidating Developmental Local Government: Lessons from the South African experience. Cape TownPolicies in motion', urban management and state restructuring: the trans-local expansion of Business Improvement Districts, International of Urban and Regional Research, vol.30, issue.1, pp.54-75, 2006.

J. Wolf, Urban Governance and Business Improvement Districts: The Washington, DC BIDs, International Journal of Public Administration, vol.27, issue.1-3, pp.53-75, 2006.
DOI : 10.1177/10780870122185064