Les cépages du département de Loir-et-Cher en 1804
Résumé
A general survey including agriculture was carried out in the first decade of the 19th cent. all over France. In the “département de Loir-et-Cher” (Blois area in the Loire Valley), this survey took place in 1801-1804. As the vineyard was concerned, it gives the first comprehensive view of the grape varieties in use at the time. Under their local or ancient names, ‘Lignage N’, ‘Orbois B’, ‘Folle Blanche B’ come first, then Meslier (‘Petit Meslier B’ or ‘Meslier-Saint-François B’ ?) ‘Chardonnay B’, ‘Meunier N’, ‘Pinot Noir N’, ‘Gouais B’ and ‘Côt N’. ‘Chenin B’, ‘Gascon N’, ‘Côt N’ and ‘Grolleau N’ appear to have been very marginal by 1800.
Some popular Late 19th cent. grape varieties like ‘Sauvignon B’, ‘Gamay N’ and ‘Romorantin B’ do not appear in the lists.
Most of the wines were sold locally or went for distillation (eau de vie) and vinegar ; some were sent for the fabrication of urban mass products, mainly to Paris. A few appreciated red or white wines were also produced.
Whether from the North of Blois or from the Sologne region South of the Loire, including the Cher river and the “Côtes du Cher”, the wines are part of the Touraine vineyard.
Une enquête préfectorale conduite de 1801 à 1804 dans le département de Loir-et-Cher livre un premier tableau de l’encépagement du vignoble.
La ‘Folle Blanche N’, le ‘Lignage N’, l’ ‘Orbois B’ sont les plus souvent cités, puis viennent le ‘Teinturier N’, le Meslier (‘Petit Meslier B’ oo ‘Meslier-Saint-François B’ ?), le ‘Chardonnay B’, le ‘Meunier N’, le’ Pinot Noir N’, le ‘Gouais B’ et le ‘Côt N’. ‘Chenin B’, ‘Gascon N’ et ‘Grolleau N’ apparaissent marginaux.
Les produits servent pour beaucoup à la distillation, aux assemblages pour la fabrication de vins de masse mais aussi à quelques vins de qualité.
On remarque l’absence de ‘Sauvignon B’, de ‘Gamay N’ et de ‘Romorantin B’ attestés plus tard.
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