M. Alberto and T. Filippo, International capital ?ows and credit market imperfections: A tale of two frictions, Journal of International Economics, vol.89, pp.441-452, 2013.

C. Azariadis and B. Smith, Financial Intermediation and Regime Switching in Business Cycles, The American Economic Review, vol.88, pp.516-536, 1998.

V. R. Bencivenga, . Smith, and D. Bruce, Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.58, issue.2, pp.195-209, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/2297964
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1029.8487

V. R. Bencivenga, . Smith, and D. Bruce, Some consequences of credit rationing in an endogenous growth model, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol.17, issue.1-2, pp.97-122, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1889(06)80006-0

D. Besanko and A. Thakor, Competitive equilibrium in the credit market under asymmetric information, Journal of Economic Theory, vol.42, issue.1, pp.167-182, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0531(87)90108-6

J. Cremer and F. Khalil, Gathering Information before Signing a Contract, The American Economic Review, vol.82, pp.566-78, 1992.

D. Meza, D. , W. , and D. C. , Too Much Investment: A Problem of Asymmetric Information, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.102, issue.2, pp.281-292, 1987.
DOI : 10.2307/1885064

B. Drees, B. Eckwert, and F. Vardy, Cheap money and risk taking: Opacity versus fundamental risk, European Economic Review, vol.62, pp.114-129, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2013.05.002

D. Gale and M. Hellwig, Incentive-Compatible Debt Contracts: The One-Period Problem, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.52, issue.4, pp.647-64, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/2297737

L. H. and D. H. Pyle, Informational asymmetries, ?nancial structure , and ?nancial intermediation, Journal of Finance, pp.371-387, 1977.

R. Milde, Signalling in credit market, Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp.101-129, 1988.

J. E. Stiglitz and A. Weiss, Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information, The American Economic Review, vol.71, pp.393-410, 1981.

. Tirole, The Theory of Corporate Finance, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00173191

D. Stephen and . Williamson, Costly Monitoring, Loan Contracts, and Equilibrium Credit Rationing, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.102, issue.1, pp.135-145, 1987.