The Canale di Comunicazione Traverso in Portus: the Roman sea harbour under river influence (Tiber delta, Italy)

Ferréol Salomon (1) , Hugo Delile (1) , Jean-Philippe Goiran (2) , Jean-Paul Bravard (1) , Simon Keay (3)

1 EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société
2 Archéorient - ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
3 University of Southampton

Portus was Rome’s maritime port during the Roman Empire. In AD 42, the harbour location was selected about 3 km north of Ostia, along the Tyrrhenian coast, on the margin of the Tiber River. Portus and its maritime façade are well known, however the fluvial aspects of Portus are poorly documented. How did Roman engineers preserve a continuous waterway from the basins of Portus to the Tiber River without accelerating siltation inside the harbour? Were their choices efficient? The present Canale di Comunicazione Traverso is the only canal attested to link the Tiber River and the harbour basins. The objective of this work is to analyse the Canale Traverso sediments infill in order to establish the role of this canal in relation to the infill deposits of the harbour basins and to define the functions of the canal. This study is based primarily on a reinterpretation of the available archaeological data, as well as mainly on sedimentological analysis and the interpretation of the Passega diagram. A Passega diagram is presented for understanding the deposit processes for the harbour environments at the entrance to the Trajanic basin (TR-XIV). This diagram is compared to the Passega diagram of the Canale Traverso (CT-1) which is characterised by a stronger influence of the Tiber River. This study concludes that the Canale Traverso was a canal that was well protected from the influence of the Tiber River, with the exception of occasional flooding. Also, this paper presents the patterns of sedimentation at Portus and allows us to define the use of the canal and the maintenance procedures.

Mots clés: geoarchaeology; late Holocene; Roman canals; Roman harbour; Rome; Italy; Tiber delta

Domaines: Archéologie et Préhistoire; Etudes de l'environnement; Géographie; Méthodes et statistiques

Ferréol Salomon, Hugo Delile, Jean-Philippe Goiran, Jean-Paul Bravard, Simon Keay. The Canale di Comunicazione Traverso in Portus: the Roman sea harbour under river influence (Tiber delta, Italy): Etude du Canale di Comunicazione Traverso à Portus : le port maritime antique de Rome sous influence fluviale (delta du Tibre, Italie). Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, 2012, 1, pp.75-90. ⟨10.4000/geomorphologie.9754⟩. ⟨halshs-01099942⟩