Alleviative Bleeding: Bloodletting, Menstruation and the Politics of Ignorance in a Brazilian Blood Donation Centre
Résumé
This article focuses on blood donation as a form of bloodletting in a context where donation is commonly seen to alleviate the symptoms of 'thick blood'. It deals with the gendered aspects of blood donation, and the parallels drawn between donating blood and menstruating. Women are seen not to need to donate blood as much as men, who, in the absence of menstruation, are more prone to thick blood and require a means to expunge the ensuing excess. While blood donation professionals strive to reconstruct donation as a selfless and ungendered act, counterposing the 'facts' of arterial blood circulation to local blood- lore and beliefs, lay understandings challenge this construction in the use they make of blood donation centres or by reiterating the personalistic and gendered dimensions of donation. The article explores cases of patients who use hormonal contraceptives which suppress menstruation and express concerns over the resulting accumulation of blood in the body. It considers how blood donation is adopted by some women as a means of dispelling both the perceived inconveniences of menstrual bleeding and its swelling effects. Such literalized engagements with medical technologies reveal a conception of the body as a permeable, malleable and recipient-like enclosure. These views are often characterized as 'ignorance' by medical prac- titioners, where ignorance is seen to derive not only from the absence of knowledge, but from the presence of the wrong kind of knowledge.