On the so-called relative past tense.

Abstract : Declerck (1991) argues that the past tense 'was' in the subclause in ‘He said he was perfectly happy’ is a relative past tense: it expresses a temporal relation of simultaneity between the main clause situation of saying and that of being happy. 'Said' is an absolute tense: it expresses a temporal relation between the moment of speech and a past time situation. In other words, the status of the past tense in the main clause is not the same as that in the subclause. The paper offers a critical evaluation of the evidence provided by Declerck for the analysis of the past tense as a relative tense form in the context just described; it is argued that the five tests do not offer conclusive evidence for the difference in status between the absolute past tense and the relative past tense.