K. Assenmacher-wesche, Estimating Central Banks??? preferences from a time-varying empirical reaction function, European Economic Review, vol.50, issue.8, pp.1951-1974, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2005.10.003

L. Ball, Efficient rules for monetary policy, 1997.

K. Banaian, Measuring central bank independence: Ordering, ranking, or scoring?The Design and Use of Political Economy Indicators, pp.33-55, 2008.

H. Berger, J. De-haan, and S. Eijffinger, Central Bank Independence: An Update of Theory and Evidence, Journal of Economic Surveys, vol.15, issue.1, pp.3-40, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-6419.00131

B. Bernanke and F. Mishkin, Inflation Targeting: A New Framework for Monetary Policy?, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.11, issue.2, pp.97-116, 1997.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.11.2.97

E. Castelnuovo and P. Surico, What does Monetary Policy Reveal about a Central Bank's Preferences?, Economic Notes, vol.100, issue.4, pp.335-359, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-2231(93)90009-L

E. Castelnuovo and P. Surico, Model Uncertainty, Optimal Monetary Policy and the Preferences of the Fed, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, vol.51, issue.1, pp.105-126, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0036-9292.2004.05101007.x

S. G. Cecchetti and M. Ehrmann, Does inflation targeting increase output volatility?: An international comparison of policymakers' preferences and outcomesMonetary Policy: Rules and Transmission Mechanisms, pp.247-274, 2002.

R. Clarida, J. Gali, and M. Gertler, Monetary policy rules in practice some international evidence, European Economic Review, vol.42, issue.6, pp.1033-1067, 1998.
DOI : 10.3386/w6254

C. Crowe and E. Meade, The Evolution of Central Bank Governance around the World, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.21, issue.4, pp.69-90, 2007.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.21.4.69

D. , M. Pistoresi, B. Salsano, and F. , On the determinants of central bank independence in open economies, International Journal of Finance and Economics, vol.14, issue.2, pp.107-119, 2009.

J. De-haan and J. Klomp, Inflation and central bank independence: a metaregression analysis, Journal of Economic Surveys, vol.24, issue.4, pp.593-621, 2010.

R. Dennis, The policy preferences of the US Federal Reserve, Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.55-77, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/jae.808

S. Eijffinger and J. De-haan, The political economy of central bank independence, Special Papers in International Economics, 1996.

S. Eijffinger and M. Hoeberichts, The trade-off between central bank independence and conservativeness', Oxford Economic Papers, issue.50, pp.397-411, 1998.

S. Eijffinger and M. Hoeberichts, The trade-off between central bank independence and conservatism in a New Keynesian framework, European Journal of Political Economy, vol.24, issue.4, pp.742-747, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.06.001

E. Farvaque, Political determinants of central bank independence, Economics Letters, vol.77, issue.1, pp.131-135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00120-9

C. A. Favero and R. Rovelli, Macroeconomic stability and the preferences of the fed: A formal analysis, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, vol.35, issue.4, pp.1961-98, 2003.

B. Hayo and C. Hefecker, Reconsidering central bank independence, European Journal of Political Economy, vol.18, issue.4, pp.653-674, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0176-2680(02)00113-1

H. Hallett, A. Weymark, and D. , Independence Before Conservatism: Transparency, Politics and Central Bank Design, German Economic Review, vol.85, issue.1, pp.1-21, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0531(72)90142-1

E. Jondeau and H. Le-bihan, Evaluating Monetary Policy Rules in Estimated Forward-Looking Models. A Comparison of US and German Monetary Policies, Annales d' ´ Economie et de Statistiques, pp.67-68, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/20076352

M. King, Changes in UK monetary policy: Rules and discretion in practice, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol.39, issue.1, pp.81-97, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3932(97)00009-3

S. Krause and F. Méndez, Policy Makers' Preferences, Party Ideology, and the Political Business Cycle, Southern Economic Journal, vol.71, issue.4, pp.752-767, 2005.
DOI : 10.2307/20062078

S. Krause and F. Méndez, Institutions, arrangements and preferences for inflation stability: Evidence and lessons from a panel data analysis, Journal of Macroeconomics, vol.30, issue.1, pp.282-307, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmacro.2006.11.001

F. Lippi, Central Bank Independence, Targets and Credibility: Political and Economic Aspects of Delegation Arrangements for Monetary Policy, 1999.

B. Mojon and G. Peersman, A VAR description of the effects of monetary policy in the individual countries of the euro area, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511492372.005

U. Ozlale, Price stability vs. output stability: tales of federal reserve administrations, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol.27, issue.9, pp.1595-1610, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1889(02)00072-6

K. Rogoff, The Optimal Degree of Commitment to an Intermediate Monetary Target, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.100, issue.4, pp.1169-1190, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/1885679

M. Salemi, Revealed preference of the federal reserve: Using inverse-control theory to interpret the policy equation of a vector autoregression, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, vol.13, issue.4, pp.419-433, 1995.

P. L. Siklos, The Changing Face of Central Banking, Evolutionary Trends Since World War II, 2002.

L. E. Svensson, Open-economy inflation targeting, Journal of International Economics, vol.50, issue.1, pp.155-183, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00078-6
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.8845

M. Tachibana, Central banks' preferences in, Japan and the World Economy, issue.16, pp.81-93, 2004.

J. Taylor, Estimation and Control of a Macroeconomic Model with Rational Expectations, Econometrica, vol.47, issue.5, pp.1267-1286, 1979.
DOI : 10.2307/1911962

D. Weymark, Inflation, government transfers, and optimal central bank independence, European Economic Review, vol.51, issue.2, pp.297-315, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2006.01.005

M. Woodford, INTEREST AND PRICES: FOUNDATIONS OF A THEORY OF MONETARY POLICY, Macroeconomic Dynamics, vol.9, issue.03, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/S1365100505040253