S. Alvanides, S. Openshaw, and O. Duke-williams, Designing zoning systems for flows data in Geocomputation , Part II: Zonation and Generalization, pp.115-149, 2000.

S. Amin, L'accumulation à l'échelle mondiale, 1976.

J. E. Anderson, A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation, American Economic Review, vol.69, pp.106-122, 1979.

G. Aubigny, C. Calzada, C. Grasland, D. Robert, G. Viho et al., Approche poissonnienne des modèles d'interaction spatiale (A statistical approach of spatial interaction models, Cybergeo, p.126, 2000.

H. Beguin, Méthodes d'analyse quantitative géographique, 1979.

J. H. Bergstrand, The Gravity Equation in International Trade: Some Microeconomic Foundations and Empirical Evidence, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.67, issue.3, pp.474-81, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/1925976

J. H. Bergstrand, The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor-Proportions Theory in International Trade, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.71, issue.1, pp.1143-53, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/1928061

J. H. Bergstrand, The Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson Model, The Linder Hypothesis and the Determinants of Bilateral Intra-Industry Trade, The Economic Journal, vol.100, issue.403, pp.1216-1245, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2233969

P. Bonacich, Some unique properties of eigenvector centrality, Social Networks, vol.29, issue.4, pp.555-564, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socnet.2007.04.002

S. P. Borgatti, M. G. Everett, and L. C. Freeman, Ucinet for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis, 2002.

F. Braudel, Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme : XV e - XVIII e siècle, 1979.

T. Broadbent, Zone size and singly constrained interaction models, CES-WN-132, 1969.

H. Bröcker and J. Rohweder, Barriers to international trade -Methods of measurement and empirical evidence, Annals of Regional Science, pp.298-305, 1990.

R. Burt, Models of Network Structure, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.6, issue.1, pp.235-244, 1980.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.so.06.080180.000455

P. Doreian, A multiple indicator approach to blockmodeling signed networks, Social Networks, vol.30, issue.3, pp.247-258, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socnet.2008.03.005

G. Dorigo and W. Tobler, Push-Pull migration laws, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, pp.1-17, 1983.

B. Eichengreen and D. A. Irwin, The Role of History in Bilateral Trade Flows The Regionalization of the World Economy, pp.33-62, 1998.

K. Faust and J. Skvoretz, Comparing networks across space and time, size and species, Sociological methodology, pp.267-299, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-9531.00118

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.195.3101

A. S. Fotheringham, O. Kelly, and M. E. , Spatial Interaction Models, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02519-5

J. A. Frankel, The Regionalization of the World Economy, 1998.
DOI : 10.7208/chicago/9780226260228.001.0001

J. A. Frankel, E. Stein, and S. J. Wei, Trading blocs and the Americas: The natural, the unnatural, and the super-natural, Journal of Development Economics, vol.47, issue.1, pp.61-95, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3878(95)00005-4

L. C. Freeman, A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness, Sociometry, vol.40, issue.1, pp.35-41, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/3033543

C. Grasland, Interaction spatiale et effets de barrière. 1re partie : Des modèles d'interaction spatiale aux modèles d'interaction territoriale, 1999.

R. Hanneman and M. Riddle, Introduction to social network methods, Riverside, University of California Head K. and Mayer T, Effet frontière, intégration économique et forteresse Europe, Économie et Prévision, pp.152-153, 2002.

E. Helpman, Imperfect competition and international trade: Evidence from fourteen industrial countries, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, vol.1, issue.1, pp.62-81, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0889-1583(87)90027-X

URL : http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41976

E. Helpman and P. Krugman, Market structure and foreign trade, 1985.

M. A. Hirst, Hierarchical Aggregation Procedures for Interaction Data: A Comment, Environment and Planning A, vol.27, issue.1, pp.99-103, 1977.
DOI : 10.1068/a090099

D. Hummels and J. Levinsohn, Monopolistic Competition and International Trade: Reconsidering the Evidence, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.110, issue.3, pp.799-836, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/2946700

D. Jong, T. Goetgeluk, and R. , What about the spatial dimension of subsidiary in housing policy, International Conference on sustainable urban areas, 2007.

S. Kim and E. H. Shin, A Longitudinal Analysis of Globalization and Regionalization in International Trade: A Social Network Approach, Social Forces, vol.81, issue.2, pp.445-471, 2002.
DOI : 10.1353/sof.2003.0014

L. H. Klaassen, S. Wagenaar, and A. Van-der-weg, MEASURING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE FLEMINGS AND THE WALLOONS, Papers in Regional Science, vol.29, issue.1, pp.45-62, 1972.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1435-5597.1972.tb01532.x

I. B. Kravis and R. E. Lipsey, National price levels and the prices of tradables and nontradables, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, vol.78, pp.474-478, 1988.
DOI : 10.3386/w2536

P. Krugman, Is bilateralism bad?, International trade and trade policy, 1991.
DOI : 10.3386/w2972

P. Krugman, The move toward free trade zones, in Policy Implications of Trade and Currency Zones, pp.7-42, 1991.

P. Krugman, The ???New??? Economic Geography: Where Are We?, International Symposium on Globalization and Regional Integration-from the Viewpoint of Spatial Economics, 2004.
DOI : 10.1057/9780230626607_2

J. Mackay, THE INTERACTANCE HYPOTHESIS AND BOUNDARIES IN CANADA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY, The Canadian Geographer/Le G??ographe canadien, vol.38, issue.11, pp.1-8, 1958.
DOI : 10.2307/1417611

I. Masser and P. J. Brown, Hierarchical aggregation procedures for interaction data, Environment and Planning A, vol.7, issue.5, pp.509-523, 1975.
DOI : 10.1068/a070509

I. Masser, The design of spatial systems for internal migration analysis, Regional studies, pp.39-52, 1976.

F. I. Masser and J. Scheurwater, Een aggregatie methode voor ruimtelijke interactiegegevens. An aggregation method for spatial interaction data. Planning, methodiek en toepassing, pp.3-9, 1977.

C. Nordlun, Identifying regular blocks in valued networks: A heuristic applied to the St. Marks carbon flow data, and international trade in cereal products, Social Networks, vol.29, issue.1, pp.59-69, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socnet.2005.12.001

J. Nyusten and M. Dacey, A graph theory interpretation of nodal regions Spatial analysis: a reader in statistical geography, pp.407-425, 1968.

S. Openshaw, Optimal Zoning Systems for Spatial Interaction Models, Environment and Planning A, vol.60, issue.2, pp.169-184, 1977.
DOI : 10.1068/a090169

A. Reynaud, Société, espace et justice, 1981.
DOI : 10.3917/puf.reyna.1981.01

P. Sarkar, The North-South terms of trade debate: a re-examination, Progress in Development Studies, pp.309-327, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/146499340100100403

A. Sen and T. E. Smith, Gravity models of spatial interaction behaviour, 1995.

M. L. Senior, From gravity modelling to entropy maximizing: a pedagogic guide, Progress in Human Geography, vol.3, issue.2, pp.175-210, 1979.

M. A. Serrano, M. Boguñá, and A. Vespignani, Patterns of dominant flows in the world trade web, Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, vol.1995, issue.1, pp.111-124, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s11403-007-0026-y

H. Singer, The distribution of gains between investing and borrowing countries, American Economic Review, vol.40, pp.473-485, 1950.

H. Singer, Terms of trade controversy and the evolution of soft financing: early years in the UN: 1947-1951, Pioneers in development, 1984.

D. Smith and D. White, Structure and Dynamics of the Global Economy: Network Analysis of International Trade 1965-1980, Social Forces, vol.70, issue.4, pp.857-893, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/2580193

D. Snyder and E. Kick, Structural Position in the World System and Economic Growth, 1955-1970: A Multiple-Network Analysis of Transnational Interactions, American Journal of Sociology, vol.84, issue.5, pp.1096-1126, 1979.
DOI : 10.1086/226902

R. Summers and A. Heston, The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An Expanded Set of International Comparisons, 1950-1988, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.106, issue.2, pp.327-68, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/2937941

G. Techer, Méthode informatisée de recherche et d'analyse des bassins par l'étude des liaisons, 1994.

J. Tinbergen, Shaping the world economy, The International Executive, vol.5, issue.1, 1962.
DOI : 10.1002/tie.5060050113

W. Tobler, An Alternative Formulation for Spatial-Interaction Modeling, Environment and Planning A, vol.11, issue.1, pp.693-703, 1983.
DOI : 10.1068/a150693

I. Wallerstein, The modern world system, 1974.

Z. Wang and L. A. Winters, The trading potential of Eastern Europe, Discussion Paper 610, 1991.

J. H. Ward, Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.58, issue.301, pp.236-244, 1963.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02289263

S. Wasserman and K. Faust, Social Network Analysis: Methods and applications, 1994.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511815478

S. J. Wei, Intra-National versus International Trade: How Stubborn are Nations in Global Integration, 1996.
DOI : 10.3386/w5531

H. C. White, S. A. Boorman, and R. L. Breiger, Social Structure from Multiple Networks. I. Blockmodels of Roles and Positions, American Journal of Sociology, vol.81, issue.4, pp.730-780, 1976.
DOI : 10.1086/226141

A. G. Wilson, A Family of Spatial Interaction Models, and Associated Developments, Environment and Planning A, vol.3, issue.1, pp.1-32, 1971.
DOI : 10.1068/a030001

T. 18-classification, 46 19 Scheme of Factor Loadings -2004-06 -Factor 1 (17, 2%) vs Factor, p.47

H. Example, Ward's method) in order to regionalize the peripheries considering their relations toward the cores (Step F) -1994-96 -All products -Export, p.53

1. Us and $. , Each link represents a flow greater than, p.60, 1995.