, Wafay?t al-a?y?n, 1: 279; Ibn al-Mulaqqin, Nuzhat al-nu???r, 132; Ibn Taghr?bird?, al-Nuj?m al-z?hira, 3: 19; Ibn ??l?n, al-?Uq?d al-lu?lu?iyya, 32, Ibn Khallik?n, vol.512, issue.516, p.74
, Ibn ?ajar does not specify the amount of money paid to K?f?r. The practice was seen as corruption; see Tillier, Vies des cadis de Mi?r, 32. Cf. Tyan, Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire 110 Ibn ?ajar, Raf? al-i?r 111 Ibn Z?l?q, Akhb?r S?bawayh al-mi?r?, ed. M. I. Sa?d and ?. al-D?b (Cairo: Maktabat al-?d?b, 1933), 37. Mu?ammad b. M?s? b. ?Abd al-?Az?z al-Kind? al-?ayraf? S?bawayh was also a scholar and a Sh?fi?? jurist, student of Ibn al-?add?d. He belonged to the category of the " wise fools " (?uqal?? almaj?n?n ) who, according to Michael Dols, " were often unofficial preachers or free-wheeling admonishers of the people, reminiscent of the Old Testament prophets Dols, Majn?n: The Madman in Medieval Islamic Society His biographer, Ibn Z?l?q, was his contemporary and knew him personally. As Katia Zakharia reminds us in an article about the Kit?b ?uqal?? almaj?n?n by al-N?s?b?r? (d. 406/1016), " la voix du fou, quand elle s'élève, hors des normes et des valeurs de l'adab ou du fiqh, peut avoir dans le coeur du sage, quand il accepte de l'entendre, la grave résonance d'une ardente vérité For S?bawayh, see Y?q?t, 138. 109 Ibn ?ajar 363; see also F. Rosenthal, Humor in Early Islam, pp.151-52, 1956.
, La Prise du pouvoir par les Fatimides en Égypte As we will see below, S?bawayh was generally critical of the Ikhsh?dids (for example, he publicly insulted al-Ikhsh?d's vizier: Ibn Z?l?q, Annales islamologiques Akhb?r S?bawayh, vol.11, issue.26, p.56, 1972.
, There were still witnesses who hated him, however. See ibid 115 K?shif, Mi?r f? ?a?r al-ikhsh?diyy?n, 217. 116 Tillier Q???s and the Political Use of the Ma??lim Jurisdiction, " 51. 117 Ibn ?ajar, Raf? al-i?r, 556/134; Ibn Z?l?q, Akhb?r S?bawayh, 33. 118 Ibn ?ajar, Raf? al-i?r, 562/143. A qay??riyya is " a large system of public buildings laid out in the form of cloisters with shops, workshops, warehouses and frequently also living-rooms ?ay??riyya
, 568/152 As recounted above, he also collected ransom money for al-Ikhsh?d. 121 Ibid, pp.583-176
, The fact that reports about S?bawayh were collected in a book by Ibn Z?l?q implies that his words and deeds were not considered simply anecdotal, but rather socially and/or politically significant One of his criticisms, of the q??? Bakr?n's homosexual behavior, was meant to point out his close contact with the Egyptian rulers The Career of Mu?ammad Ibn ?ughj, Akhb?r S?bawayh, vol.28, issue.19, pp.32-49
, On the key issue of prisons in the struggle for judicial autonomy, see Tillier, Les Cadis d'Iraq et l'État abbasside, pp.150-51
, A?mad (292/905) ?Abb?sid interregnum ??s? al-N?shar?, pp.292-97
, ?uhl? had ruled that the son of a Christian woman who had converted to Islam would remain Christian like his father. The caused a furor, with people arguing that it was contrary to the Sh??ite and the ??fi?? doctrine, and the judge finally reversed his decision, Ibn ?ajar, vol.586, pp.181-82
, Raf? al-i?r, 584/179. 162 The following list does not take into account the " theoretical " q???s of Fus??? who were appointed in Baghdad and never came to Egypt. For a list including these q???s, see Tillier, pp.11-14
, Ibr?h?m b. ?amm?d (317- 20, pp.929-961
, Ibr?h?m b. ?amm?d (321- 22, pp.933-967
, Badr al-?ayraf? (322- 24, pp.934-970
, ?ughj al-Ikhsh?d (323- 34, pp.935-981
, Badr al-?ayraf? (322- 24, pp.934-970
, A?mad b. al-?add?d (324- 25, pp.936-973
, Badr al-?ayraf? (327- 29, pp.939-979
, Ya?y? (330/942) al-?asan b. ?Abd al-Ra?m?n al-Jawhar? (330-31, pp.942-985
, A?mad b. al-?add?d (333- 34, pp.944-989
, Mu?ammad b. al-Kha??b (339-47, pp.951-59