Changes in social citizenship in France (1988-2007) in a comparative perspective: The traces left by 'activation strategies'

Abstract : The expression "activation" has inundated the social science literature devoted to the comparison of systems of social protection. it is important to define what is really considered under this portmenteau expression. When one does relate it to precise empirical observations, one discovers that the ways are many and varied through which "activation reforms" have influenced the reforms in France. Overall the promises articulated by political proponents of the reform have eventually come down to limited change.