H. Zinsser, Rats, lice, and history. Londres: Broadway House, vol.301, 1935.

M. Drancourt and D. Raoult, Palaeomicrobiology: current issues and perspectives, Nat Rev Microbiol, vol.3, pp.23-35, 2005.

M. Drancourt and D. Raoult, Palaeomicrobiology: current issues and perspectives, Nat Rev Microbiol, vol.3, pp.23-35, 2005.

M. Drancourt, G. Aboudharam, M. Signoli, O. Dutour, and D. Raoult, Detection of 400-year-old Yersinia pestis DNA in human dental pulp: an approach to the diagnosis of ancient septicemia, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.95, pp.12637-12640, 1998.

M. Drancourt and D. Raoult, Molecular detection of Yersinia pestis in dental pulp, Microbiology, vol.150, pp.263-264, 2004.

D. Raoult, G. Aboudharam, E. Crubezy, G. Larrouy, and B. Ludes, Molecular identification by ''suicide PCR'' of Yersinia pestis as the agent of Medieval Black Death, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.97, pp.12800-12803, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00157003

M. Drancourt, L. Tran-hung, J. Courtin, H. Lumley, and D. Raoult, Bartonella quintana in a 4000-year-old human tooth, J Infect Dis, vol.191, pp.607-611, 2005.

D. Raoult, O. Dutour, L. Houhamdi, R. Jankauskas, and P. E. Fournier, Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius, J Infect Dis, vol.193, pp.112-120, 2006.

E. Hardy-de-perini, A. Majesté, and L. Bouchardeau, Les batailles françaises, Les armées sous l'ancien régime, 1700 a ` 1789, 1906.

A. Corvisier, Les Hommes, la guerre et la mort, Economica, vol.453, 1985.

D. Raoult, O. Dutour, L. Houhamdi, R. Jankauskas, and P. E. Fournier, Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius, J Infect Dis, vol.193, pp.112-120, 2006.

C. Rigeade and M. Signoli, Les sépultures de catastrophe: une gestion originale des cadavres en temps de crises démographiques, Sociologie et Santé, pp.117-131, 2005.

M. Signoli, Y. Ardagna, P. Adalian, W. Devriendt, and L. Lalys, Discovery of a mass grave of Napoleonic period in Lithuania (1812, Vilnius), C R Palevol, vol.3, pp.219-227, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00004917

C. Rigeade, J. P. Willot, P. Demolon, R. Massa, and E. , Approche anthropologique de sépultures de catastrophe du XVIIIe siècle (rue Martin-duNord, C R Palevol, vol.5, pp.901-907, 2006.

D. Raoult, O. Dutour, L. Houhamdi, R. Jankauskas, and P. E. Fournier, Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius, J Infect Dis, vol.193, pp.112-120, 2006.

G. Aboudharam, L. Scola, B. Raoult, D. Drancourt, and M. , Detection of Coxiella burnetii DNA in dental pulp during experimental bacteremia, Microb Pathog, vol.28, pp.249-254, 2000.

G. Aboudharam, M. Drancourt, and D. Raoult, Culture of C. burnetii from the dental pulp of experimentally infected guinea pigs, Microb Pathog, vol.36, pp.349-350, 2004.

G. Aboudharam, P. E. Fournier, M. Drancourt, and D. Raoult, Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana DNA in the dental pulp of a homeless patient, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, vol.23, pp.920-922, 2004.

L. Tran-hung, N. Tran-thi, G. Aboudharam, D. Raoult, and M. Drancourt, A new method to extract dental pulp DNA: application to universal detection of bacteria, PLoS ONE, vol.2, p.1062, 2007.

S. Svraka, J. M. Rolain, Y. Bechah, J. Gatabazi, and D. Raoult, Rickettsia prowazekii and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Emerg Infect Dis, vol.12, pp.428-432, 2006.

J. Stenos, S. R. Graves, and N. B. Unsworth, A highly sensitive and specific realtime PCR assay for the detection of spotted fever and typhus group Rickettsiae, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.73, pp.1083-1085, 2005.

Y. Bechah, E. Karkouri, K. Mediannikov, O. Leroy, Q. Pelletier et al., Genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analysis of virulent and avirulent Rickettsia prowazekii reveals its adaptive mutation capabilities, Genome Res, vol.20, pp.655-663, 2010.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.103564.109

URL : http://genome.cshlp.org/content/20/5/655.full.pdf

Y. Zhu, P. E. Fournier, H. Ogata, and D. Raoult, Multispacer typing of Rickettsia prowazekii enabling epidemiological studies of epidemic typhus, J Clin Microbiol, vol.43, pp.4708-4712, 2005.

Y. Bechah, C. Capo, J. L. Mege, and D. Raoult, Epidemic typhus, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.8, pp.417-426, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01455605

J. S. Dumler, Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Maryland-1901, J Amer Med Assoc, vol.265, p.718, 1991.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.265.6.718

D. Raoult, O. Dutour, L. Houhamdi, R. Jankauskas, and P. E. Fournier, Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius, J Infect Dis, vol.193, pp.112-120, 2006.

D. Raoult, T. Woodward, and J. S. Dumler, The history of epidemic typhus, Infect Dis Clin North Am, vol.18, pp.127-140, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01455605

D. Raoult, J. B. Ndihokubwayo, H. Tissot-dupont, V. Roux, and B. Faugere, Outbreak of epidemic typhus associated with trench fever in Burundi, Lancet, vol.352, pp.353-358, 1998.

D. Raoult, R. J. Birtles, M. Montoya, E. Perez, and H. Tissot-dupont, Survey of louse-associated diseases among rural Andean communities in Peru: Prevalence of epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever, Clin Infect Dis, vol.29, pp.434-436, 1999.

I. Tarasevich, E. Rydkina, and D. Raoult, Epidemic typhus in Russia, Lancet, vol.352, p.1151, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79799-3

K. Mokrani, P. E. Fournier, M. Dalichaouche, S. Tebbal, and A. Aouati, Reemerging threat of epidemic typhus in algeria, J Clin Microbiol, vol.42, pp.3898-3900, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3898-3900.2004

URL : http://jcm.asm.org/content/42/8/3898.full.pdf

S. Badiaga, P. Brouqui, and D. Raoult, Autochthonous epidemic typhus associated with Bartonella quintana bacteremia in a homeless person, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol.72, pp.638-639, 2005.

D. Raoult and V. Roux, The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases, Clin Infect Dis, vol.29, pp.888-911, 1999.

M. Drancourt, L. Tran-hung, J. Courtin, H. Lumley, and D. Raoult, Bartonella quintana in a 4000-year-old human tooth, J Infect Dis, vol.191, pp.607-611, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/427041

URL : https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/191/4/607/2768271/191-4-607.pdf

D. Raoult, T. Woodward, and J. S. Dumler, The history of epidemic typhus, Infect Dis Clin North Am, vol.18, pp.127-140, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01455605

, Boissier de Sauvages F (1772) Nosologie méthodique, Bruyset JM, vol.10