P. Agénor and B. Moreno-dodson, Public infrstructure and growth : New channels and policy implications, 2006.

F. Antonovitz and R. Green, Alternative Estimates of Fed Beef Supply Response to Risk, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.72, issue.2, p.475487, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/1242351

V. S. Aradhyula and M. Holt, Risk Behavior and Rational Expectations in the U.S. Broiler Market, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.71, issue.4, p.892902, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/1242667

T. Beck, A. Demirgüç-kunt, and R. Levine, Finance, inequality and poverty: Crosscountry evidence, 2004.

T. Besley, Handbook of Development Economics, North-Holland, chapter Savings, p.21232208, 1995.

H. Binswanger, On the determinants of cross-country aggregate agricultural supply, Journal of Econometrics, vol.36, issue.1-2, p.111131, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4076(87)90046-7

H. Binswanger and K. Deininger, Explaining agricultural and agrarian policies in developing countries, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.35, issue.4, 1997.
DOI : 10.1596/1813-9450-1765

T. Breusch and A. Pagan, The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specication in econometrics, Review of Economic Studies, vol.47, issue.1, p.239253, 1980.

B. W. Brorsen, J. Chavas, and W. R. Grant, A Market Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact of Risk on the U.S. Rice Industry, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.69, issue.4, p.733739, 1987.
DOI : 10.2307/1242182

D. Canning, A database of world stocks of infrastructure, 1950-95, Bank Economic Review, vol.12, issue.3, p.529547, 1998.

J. Chavas and M. Holt, Acreage Decisions under Risk: The Case of Corn and Soybeans, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.72, issue.3, p.529538, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/1243021

J. Chavas and M. Holt, Economic Behavior Under Uncertainty: A Joint Analysis of Risk Preferences and Technology, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.78, issue.2, p.329335, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/2109935

A. Chhibber, L. Africa, O. America, and . London, Structural Adjustment and Agriculture : Theory and Practice in, 1989.

A. Deaton, Savings and liquidity constraints, Econometrica, vol.59, issue.5, p.12211248, 1991.

A. Deaton and R. Miller, International commodity prices, macroeconomic preformance , and politics in sub-saharan africa', Princeton Studies in International Finance 79, p.96, 1995.

J. Dehn, Commodity price uncertainty and shocks: Implications for economic growth, 2000.

J. Dehn, C. Gilbert, and P. Varangis, Commodity Price Volatility, in Aizenman J. and Pinto B., Managing Volatility and Crises : A Practitioner's Guide, 2003.

S. Dercon, Income Risk, Coping Strategies, and Safety Nets, The World Bank Research Observer, vol.17, issue.2, p.141166, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/wbro/17.2.141

G. Jeanneney, S. Kpodar, and K. , Financial development, nancial instability and poverty', CSAE WPS, pp.2005-2014, 2005.

P. Guillaumont and C. Bonjean, Eects on agricultural supply of producer price level and stability with and without goods scarcity, Journal of International Development, vol.3, issue.2, p.115133, 1991.

P. Guillaumont and J. Combes, The Eects of Producer Price Trends and Instability on the Growth of Agricultural Exports: A Cross Section Analysis, Economics of Agricultural Policies in Developing Countries (II), p.336349, 1994.

P. Guillaumont, S. Guillaumont-jeanneney, P. Jacquet, L. Chauvet, and B. Savoye, Attenuating through aid the vulnerability to price shocks, Conférencein`Conférence ABCDE Eu- rope, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00293071

J. Hausman, Specification Tests in Econometrics, Econometrica, vol.46, issue.6, pp.1251-1271, 1978.
DOI : 10.2307/1913827

J. Heath and H. P. Binswanger, Natural resource degradation eects of poverty and population growth are largely policy-induced', Environment and Development Economics 1, p.6583, 1996.

M. T. Holt, Risk Response in the Beef Marketing Channel: A Multivariate Generalized ARCH-M Approach, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.75, issue.3, p.559571, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/1243563

M. T. Holt and S. V. Aradhyula, Price Risk in Supply Equations: An Application of GARCH Time-Series Models to the U. S. Broiler Market, Southern Economic Journal, vol.57, issue.1, p.230242, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/1060492

C. A. Hurt and P. Garcia, The impact of price risk on sow forrowings, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.64, issue.3, pp.1967-78, 1982.

R. Just, Investigation of the importance of risk in farmer's decisions', American Journal of Agricultural Economics, p.1425, 1974.

J. Knight, S. Weir, and T. Woldehanna, The role of education in facilitating risktaking and innovation in agriculture, Journal of Development Studies, vol.39, issue.6, p.122, 2003.

R. Levine, Finance and growth: Theory and evidence', NBER Working Papers, p.10766, 2004.

W. Lin, Measuring Aggregate Supply Response under Instability, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.59, issue.5, p.903907, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/1239860

R. Mckinnon, Money and Capital in Economic Development, The Brooking Insti- tution, 1973.

P. Mosley, Micro-macro linkages in nancial markets: The impact of nancial liberalisation on access to rural credit in four african countries, Journal of International Development, vol.11, p.367384, 1999.

Y. Mundlak, D. Larson, and R. Butzer, The determinants of agricultural production: A cross-country analysis', The World Bank, 1997.

D. Newbery and J. Stiglitz, The Theory of Commodity Price Stabilization, 1981.

R. D. Pope and R. E. Just, On Testing the Structure of Risk Preferences in Agricultural Supply Analysis, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol.73, issue.3, p.743748, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/1242826

R. Rajan and L. Zingales, The great reversals: the politics of nancial development in the 20th century, Journal of Financial Economics, vol.265, p.550, 2003.
DOI : 10.1787/371486741616

M. Rosenzweig and K. Wolpin, Credit Market Constraints, Consumption Smoothing, and the Accumulation of Durable Production Assets in Low-Income Countries: Investments in Bullocks in India, Journal of Political Economy, vol.101, issue.2, p.223244, 1993.
DOI : 10.1086/261874

M. Schi and C. Montenegro, Aggregate agricultural supply response in developing countries, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.45, issue.2, p.393410, 1997.

S. Weir and J. Knight, Externality eects of education: Dynamics of the adoption and diusion of an innovation in rural ethiopia, Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol.53, issue.1, p.93113, 2004.