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M. Lavergne and S. Planel, Riccardo Ciavolella and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper We wish to thank Azza Yacoub and Jennifer Barak for the translation. ii The article is based on research evidence collected during long-lasting fieldworks in Sudan and Mauritania. A. Franck carried out a 4 years fieldwork in Sudan between 2001 and 2005 for her PhD (Franck, 2007) and again in 2009. A. Choplin's fieldwork experience in Sudan consists of This article relies on data gathered during interviews with companies' managers, civil servants in charge of urbanism and inhabitants, and 2005, and of regular fieldworks in Mauritania (20 months), from 2000 to the present (Choplin, 2003.

. Iii, Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed between the central government of Khartoum and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) which has struggled for the independence of the South. As specified in the CPA, the Southern Sudanese have the right to decide whether Southern Sudan will become an independent nation or whether it will remain part of a unified Sudan, iv Interview, p.22, 2005.

D. The and . Group, agricultural and property development sectors, with each offshoot playing a leading role in its own field. They distribute Coca Cola, and represent Mitsubishi group, Caterpillar? vi « Khartoum investors eye Tuti Island », Middle East Online/?id=25011 vii Socogim: Société nationale de construction et de gestion immobilière viii See « Finance islamique : les Sukuk gagnent du terrain, Interview M. Issa Cheiguer, PDG FCI », World Investment news, p.2, 2008.