Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling: New Tools for Reconstructing the Geography and Ecology of Past Human Populations
William E. Banks
(1)
,
F. d'Errico,
(1)
,
Harold L. Dibble
(2)
,
Leonard Krishtalka
(3)
,
Dixie West
(3)
,
Deborah Olszewski
(2)
,
A. Townsend Peterson
(4)
,
G. Anderson David
(5)
,
G. Christopher Gillam
(6)
,
Anta Montet-White
(4)
,
Michel Crucifix
(7)
,
Curtis W. Marean
(8)
,
María-Fernanda Sánchez-Goñi
(9)
,
Barbara Wohlfarthh
(10)
,
Marian Vanhaeren
(11)
1
PACEA -
De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
2 Department of Anthropology [University of Pennsylvania]
3 Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
4 Natural History Museum, University of Kansas
5 Department of Anthropology [University of Tennessee]
6 Savannah River Archaeological Research Program
7 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
8 Institute of Human Origins
9 EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques
10 Department of Physical Geography & Quaternary Geology
11 ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
2 Department of Anthropology [University of Pennsylvania]
3 Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
4 Natural History Museum, University of Kansas
5 Department of Anthropology [University of Tennessee]
6 Savannah River Archaeological Research Program
7 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
8 Institute of Human Origins
9 EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques
10 Department of Physical Geography & Quaternary Geology
11 ArScAn - Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
William E. Banks
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- Fonction : Auteur correspondant
- PersonId : 174823
- IdHAL : william-banks
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1835-6315
- IdRef : 14547139X
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Michel Crucifix
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 5963
- IdHAL : mcrucifix
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3437-4911
- IdRef : 192985434
Résumé
Prehistoric human populations were influenced by climate change and resulting environmental variability and developed a wide variety of cultural mechanisms to deal with these conditions. In an effort to understand the inesfluence of environmental factors on prehistoric social and technical systems, there is a need to establish methods with which to model and evaluate the rules and driving forces behind these human-environment interactions. We describe a new set of analytical tools―an approach termed Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling (ECNM)―that can be used to address these issues and to test current hypotheses. This approach's modeling architectures are used to reconstruct past human systems in the Old and New Worlds, past natural systems within which they operated― namely geological, paleobiological and paleoenvironmental conditions―and also to develop informed hypotheses concerning the geographic spread, migration, and eco-cultural adaptations of prehistoric human populations. The ECNM approach has recently been developed and explored at two National Science Foundation- and European Science Foundation-funded workshops. We describe the goals and methods of ECNM, the results of the proof-of-concept projects, the analytical issues that remain unresolved, and the potential this approach has to offer the disciplines of paleoanthropology and archaeology.
Domaines
Archéologie et PréhistoireFormat du dépôt | Notice |
---|---|
Type de dépôt | Article dans une revue |
Titre |
en
Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling: New Tools for Reconstructing the Geography and Ecology of Past Human Populations
|
Résumé |
en
Prehistoric human populations were influenced by climate change and resulting environmental variability and developed a wide variety of cultural mechanisms to deal with these conditions. In an effort to understand the inesfluence of environmental factors on prehistoric social and technical systems, there is a need to establish methods with which to model and evaluate the rules and driving forces behind these human-environment interactions. We describe a new set of analytical tools―an approach termed Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling (ECNM)―that can be used to address these issues and to test current hypotheses. This approach's modeling architectures are used to reconstruct past human systems in the Old and New Worlds, past natural systems within which they operated― namely geological, paleobiological and paleoenvironmental conditions―and also to develop informed hypotheses concerning the geographic spread, migration, and eco-cultural adaptations of prehistoric human populations. The ECNM approach has recently been developed and explored at two National Science Foundation- and European Science Foundation-funded workshops. We describe the goals and methods of ECNM, the results of the proof-of-concept projects, the analytical issues that remain unresolved, and the potential this approach has to offer the disciplines of paleoanthropology and archaeology.
|
Auteur(s) |
William E. Banks
1
, F. d'Errico,
1
, Harold L. Dibble
2
, Leonard Krishtalka
3
, Dixie West
3
, Deborah Olszewski
2
, A. Townsend Peterson
4
, G. Anderson David
5
, G. Christopher Gillam
6
, Anta Montet-White
4
, Michel Crucifix
7
, Curtis W. Marean
8
, María-Fernanda Sánchez-Goñi
9
, Barbara Wohlfarthh
10
, Marian Vanhaeren
11
1
PACEA -
De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie
( 205557 )
- Université de Bordeaux - Bâtiment B8 - CS50023 - Allée Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 33615 Pessac Cedex
- France
2
Department of Anthropology [University of Pennsylvania]
( 104226 )
- 3260 South Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398
- États-Unis
3
Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
( 107453 )
- 1345 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS 66045-7561
- États-Unis
4
Natural History Museum, University of Kansas
( 74327 )
- Lawrence, KS 60045, USA
- États-Unis
5
Department of Anthropology [University of Tennessee]
( 107454 )
- 250 South Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-0720
- États-Unis
6
Savannah River Archaeological Research Program
( 107455 )
- University of South Carolina, 1321 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29208
- États-Unis
7
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
( 107456 )
- Fitzroy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon
- Royaume-Uni
8
Institute of Human Origins
( 107335 )
- Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402
- États-Unis
9
EPOC -
Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques
( 778 )
- Avenue des Facultés - 33405 TALENCE CEDEX
- France
10
Department of Physical Geography & Quaternary Geology
( 107457 )
- Stockholm, SE-106 91
- Suède
11
ArScAn -
Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité
( 1003 )
- MSH Mondes (bâtiment René-Ginouvès). 21, allée de l’Université 92023 NANTERRE Cedex
- France
|
Comité de lecture |
Oui
|
Vulgarisation |
Non
|
Langue du document |
Français
|
Nom de la revue |
|
Audience |
Internationale
|
Date de publication |
2006
|
Page/Identifiant |
68-83
|
Domaine(s) |
|
Mots-clés |
en
Geography, ecology, Past Human Populations
|
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