L'invention de Genopole®, emblème et acteur
d'une nouvelle politique de recherche et d'innovation en France
Résumé
Designing Genopole®, a new concept and actor for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in France
At the dawn of the 20th century, the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology in the USA was coming from scientific and industrial centres. These bioparks combined the development of academic knowledge with innovating industrial and biomedical activities using public and private fundings. In France, the goal of competitiveness within a knowledge-based
economy focusing on life sciences, led the government to change its institutional schemes supporting innovation. The creation of Genopole in Evry in 1998 institutionalizes a bifurcation in Science and Technology public policy to diffusion-oriented instruments. This centre of excellence connected together heterogeneous partners and resources around large scale facilities and the implementation of a technological and logistic support to stimulate start up companies. Although the dynamics created by Genopole for both the knowledge base and commercialisation in genomics is a unique outcome of a public/private combination and national/local process, this experimental intermediary institution
generated new bridges between science and society
At the dawn of the 20th century, the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology in the USA was coming from scientific and industrial centres. These bioparks combined the development of academic knowledge with innovating industrial and biomedical activities using public and private fundings. In France, the goal of competitiveness within a knowledge-based
economy focusing on life sciences, led the government to change its institutional schemes supporting innovation. The creation of Genopole in Evry in 1998 institutionalizes a bifurcation in Science and Technology public policy to diffusion-oriented instruments. This centre of excellence connected together heterogeneous partners and resources around large scale facilities and the implementation of a technological and logistic support to stimulate start up companies. Although the dynamics created by Genopole for both the knowledge base and commercialisation in genomics is a unique outcome of a public/private combination and national/local process, this experimental intermediary institution
generated new bridges between science and society
Au crépuscule du XXe siècle, la dynamique économique des biotechnologies modernes se déploie aux États-Unis à partir de pôles scientifico - industriels qui imbriquent développement de connaissances académiques et activités industrielles et biomédicales innovantes soutenues par des financements publics et privés. En France, la poursuite de l'enjeu de compétitivité d'une économie de la connaissance, dont notamment les sciences du vivant seraient porteuses, conduit alors les pouvoirs publics à changer leurs modes d'intervention. La création à Evry en 1998 d'un pôle dédié à la génomique, agglomérant des ressources et des acteurs scientifiques, médicaux, politiques, financiers et managériaux, autour de plates-formes technologiques et de structures d'appui aux start up, institutionnalise une bifurcation dans la politique des sciences et de la technologie vers une logique de diffusion. Bien que la dynamique d'innovation et de développement scientifique et industriel de Genopole soit le fruit singulier et territorialisé d'une configuration d'acteurs publics et privés particulière, cette expérimentation institutionnelle construit, par son intermédiation, de nouveaux rapports entre science et société.