Le bonheur est-il dans le prêt? Non, semble-t-on répondre de Chine
Résumé
The limitation of financial and/or microfinancial risks is first and foremost a question of institutions and "financial culture". The great range of difficulties China has in reforming its financial system provides a mass of proof of this. Through lack of provision for collateral of certain property or of authorization of the constitution of securities, it is the practice itself of the loan which is restricted by it. Consequently, because there is no lessening of the risk, it is the spirit of enterprise which is holding back Chinese law. Some, however, attempt to overcome these obstacles, at their expense. This is recalled by the "Sun Dawu
affair" which serves here as an introduction before an examination of the Chinese law on securities, of the question of borrower and that of the loan communities, then an explanation of the dilemma of the creditor prisoner of his debt and, finally, onsideration of the traditional Chinese "popular" ways.
affair" which serves here as an introduction before an examination of the Chinese law on securities, of the question of borrower and that of the loan communities, then an explanation of the dilemma of the creditor prisoner of his debt and, finally, onsideration of the traditional Chinese "popular" ways.
La limitation des risques financiers et/ou microfinanciers est avant tout une question d'institutions et de « culture financière » Les difficultés de la Chine à réformer son système financier le prouve à l'envi. Faute de prévoir le nantissement de certains biens ou d'en autoriser la constitution en sûretés, c'est la pratique même du prêt qui s'en trouve restreinte et, partant, faute de tempérer le risque, c'est l'esprit d'entreprise que freine le droit chinois. Certains pourtant tentent, à leurs dépens, de surmonter ces obstacles. C'est ce que rappelle « l'affaire Sun Dawu » qui sert ici d'introduction avant que soit étudiée la loi chinoise sur les sûretés, examinées la question de la solidarité et celle des communautés de crédit, exposé le dilemme du créancier prisonnier de sa créance et, enfin, évoquées des voies « populaires » chinoises traditionnelles.
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