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B. Xu and H. , Tao uncovered this precious manuscript in the University of Barcelona Library some years ago

. However, 1592) entitled Arte de la Lengua China [Grammar of the Chinese language] may be the earliest grammar of any Chinese language. The manuscript is mentioned in Coblin and Levi (2000: ix) but has not been sighted, presuming a copy still exists

. Abel-rémusat, of vernacular Chinese is an exception to this rule, for the reason that it sets out to explain Chinese grammar on its own terms (see Peyraube Thus, Abel- Rémusat provides brief descriptions of both b? and ji?ng . walking' are possible (see Chappell 1992b). Furthermore, in older forms of Mandarin and in certain non-standard Mandarin dialects, the use of motion verbs with b? constructions is permitted (see Frei 1956, Grootaers 1954) For example, B? ge zh? p?ole. [ABS-CLF-pig-run-CRS] 'A pig is running away.' In the latter case, the definition for the constructional semantics would need to be broadened. 12 Given information in most Chinese languages is typically coded into a preverbal position, 1822.

. Peyraube, ) has argued convincingly that b? did not directly supersede the Archaic Chinese construction with y?, but was rather in competition with the earlier ji?ng construction, 1985.