Une catégorie politique à l'épreuve du juridique : "la fermeture juridique" dans la loi Perben I.
Résumé
A political category confronted to law : legal confinement in Perben law I
This study shows how political communication can interfere with law production. During the 2002 French presidential elections, main political actors promised they would create "closed centres" for young multiple offenders. However confinement in the French legal system implies strict legal conditions with procedural guarantees for delinquents. After the elections, because the term "closed" had become so popular with opinion polls and media studies, legal professionals preparing Perben Law I had to find a new legal meaning for this term. They put forward a new category, the "legal confinement", to symbolise confinement and at the same time abide by the French constitution.
This study shows how political communication can interfere with law production. During the 2002 French presidential elections, main political actors promised they would create "closed centres" for young multiple offenders. However confinement in the French legal system implies strict legal conditions with procedural guarantees for delinquents. After the elections, because the term "closed" had become so popular with opinion polls and media studies, legal professionals preparing Perben Law I had to find a new legal meaning for this term. They put forward a new category, the "legal confinement", to symbolise confinement and at the same time abide by the French constitution.
Le cas étudié ici montre comment la communication politique vient interférer dans la production de la loi. Pendant les élections présidentielles françaises de 2002, les principaux acteurs politiques avaient promis de créer des " centres fermés " pour les délinquants mineurs multirécidivistes. Cependant, dans le droit français, l'enfermement renvoie à des conditions légales strictes, accordant notamment des garanties procédurales aux délinquants impliqués. Après les élections, des sondages d'opinion et des études de presse ayant rendu le mot " fermé " incontournable pour l'appellation du nouveau dispositif, les professionnels du droit chargés d'écrire la loi durent trouver un nouveau sens juridique à ce terme. Ils proposèrent une nouvelle catégorie, la " fermeture juridique ", symbolisant l'enfermement tout en respectant la constitution française.
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