De l'usage des produits de la chasse pour différencier des hommes.
Résumé
The analysis of the funerary bone assemblages of Cerny then Rubané led to perceive a votive valuation of hunting, presents only as sign at the end of Rubané and more explicit in Cerny. The objects related to hunting, weapons and artifacts made from the bones of wild animals, could form attributes which materialize the identity of a social group. So, a durable social institution appears to manifest itself in the background of the use of a funerary code composed by attributes related with hunting. In Cerny, some assemblages are elaborated according to a treelike contruction. The material is a succession of symbols which makes sense. It is distributed by differential portion according to every grave. So, the "hunter" appears as a votive status meant by specific functional attributes. Inside the hunter's votive status, and according to the number and to the quality of the attributes, individual statutes could be differentiated. At least, all the individuals are not “ hunters ”. Is there a correspondence between institution, votive statutes and a practical reality ? According to the data of the fauna of the RRBP, the existence of a social order which governs the place of the hunting in settlements seems credible. The votive institution has so an echo in the daily ; the use of the attributes related to hunting in the funeral is in correspondence with a concrete social phenomenon, even if it emphasizes hunting. The ostentation is however given by transfer at a moment in the chronology where the practice of hunting loses of its material and social importance : from the extreme end of Rubané. The ostentatious recycling in the abstraction of a material and social practice finishes showing that, even practical or votive, hunting possesses a strong symbolic charge and a power of social differentiation. This continues within the Neolithic time.
An essential point, concerning the ideology, was also clarified. If the hunting or its symbolism corresponds to the expression of a social institution, the symbols which represent this institution recovers from a variable charge and from an ideology. So, the stage setting of the attributes connected to hunting differs rather considerably according to periods and cultures. Whereas in Rubané, a demonstration of a specific social and cultural identity could be implemented through the use of hunting products, an apology of war would be expressed in Cerny. In Michelsberg and in Chasséen, the weakness of the documentation does not allow to pronounce, but while the institution seems to continue, the ideological charge of the symbols is probably still different.
An essential point, concerning the ideology, was also clarified. If the hunting or its symbolism corresponds to the expression of a social institution, the symbols which represent this institution recovers from a variable charge and from an ideology. So, the stage setting of the attributes connected to hunting differs rather considerably according to periods and cultures. Whereas in Rubané, a demonstration of a specific social and cultural identity could be implemented through the use of hunting products, an apology of war would be expressed in Cerny. In Michelsberg and in Chasséen, the weakness of the documentation does not allow to pronounce, but while the institution seems to continue, the ideological charge of the symbols is probably still different.
L'analyse du mobilier osseux funéraire du Cerny, puis du Rubané, a conduit à percevoir une valorisation votive de la chasse, présente seulement comme signe à la fin du Rubané et plus explicite dans le Cerny. Armes et objets funéraires fabriqués à partir des ossements d'animaux sauvages, pourraient tre des attributs chargés de matérialiser l'identité d'un groupe social et de différencier des personnnes selon différents statuts sociaux individuels. Aussi, pourrait-on voir, à l'arrire-plan de l'emploi d'un code composé d'attributs issus de produits de la chasse et d'armes, une institution sociale d'un type bien particulier se manifester. Cette institution qui pourrait traverser les étapes chronologiques, pourrait aussi tre investie d'une charge idéologique changeante en fonction des cultures qui l'emploient.
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