L'habitat urbain pré et post socialiste en Pologne
Résumé
The paper analyses in a typological and historical way the evolution of housing in polish cities, beyond the breaks of the implementation and then of the fall of socialist regime. The first part of the paper presents on a long term the reasons why urban housing stock is generally in bad conditions, especially in old ancient districts. At the beginning of the XXIst Century, the housing stock is binary : on the one hand the majority of it was built during the socialist period, on the other hand, old districts are more heterogeneous, as far as their residential forms and quality are concerned, going from the best to the worst. The conditions of exploitation of the housing stock from 1945 to 1989 produced everywhere a bad qualitative situation, but also a way of living characterized by a low residential mobility and a status of "quasi-owner". The post-socialist city is emphasized by the coming back of ownership, a slow quantitative growth of the housing stock, but also a better quality for new dwellings. But this better quality is socially and spatially selective. The fragments of pre-socialist city are involved in the reform of ownership and complex social issues.
L'histoire mouvementée de la Pologne ne prédispose pas ses villes ni ses habitants à placer la protection du patrimoine au centre des priorités. Grands ensembles bâtis à la hâte, quartiers anciens et immeubles du réalisme socialiste, ces trois formes principales d'habitat, subissent diversement l'érosion du temps. Les faibles ressources des candidats à l'accession freinent les flux et la construction post-socialiste se borne à satisfaire les plus hauts revenus.
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