Structures à subordonnée comparative en français

Catherine Fuchs (1) , Nathalie Fournier (2) , Pierre Le Goffic (1)

1 LaTTice - Langues, textes, traitement informatique, cognition
2 ICAR - Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations

This article deals with syntactic and semantic representation of comparative structures in French. We propose an analysis of quantitative comparatives (plus, moins, aussi ... que) and qualitative comparatives (comme) which highlights their common properties as well as their specificities. The first section (§ 1) offers a syntactic typology of matrix clause structures and (comparative) subordinate clause structures. The following sections consider the various aspects of semantic representations, as related to syntactic structures : we successively deal with (§ 2.) the type of parameter, (§ 3.) the type of differential constituant in the subordinate clause, (§ 4.) the type of parallel constituant in the matrix clause (with restitution of ellipses and anaphora), (§ 5.) the type of compared terms, by contrasting quantitative comparisons and qualitative comparison, and (§ 6.) the type of comparison, accounting for prototypical structures as well as for pragmatic effects induced by certain configurations.

Analyse des comparatives quantitatives (plus, moins, aussi ... que...) et qualitatives (comme ...) qui souligne leurs points communs et leurs spécificités. Typologie des structures syntaxiques de la matrice et de la subordonnée (§1) ; type de paramètre (§2) ; type de constituant différentiel dans la subordonnés (§3) ; type de constituant parallèle dans la matrice (§4) ; types de termes comparés (§5) ; type sémantique de la comparaison et effets pragmatiques (§6).

Mots clés: matrice; subordonnée; termes en qu-; anaphore; ellipse; paramètre; déclencheur; différentiel; constituant parallèle; comparé; prédicat; variable; quantitatif; qualitatif; échelle de degrés; pragmatique

Mots clés: matrix clause; subordinate clause; Kw- terms; anaphora; ellipsis; parameter; parameter marker; differential constituant; parallel constituant; comparee; predicate; quantitative; qualitative; scale of degree; pragmatics

Domaines: Linguistique

Catherine Fuchs, Nathalie Fournier, Pierre Le Goffic. Structures à subordonnée comparative en français : problèmes de représentations syntaxiques et sémantiques. Lingvisticae investigationes : International Journal of Linguistics and Language, 2008, LXXXI (1), pp.11-61. ⟨halshs-00340641⟩