Les municipalités et l'innovation, l'influence du renouvellement des équipes municipales sur les politiques locales.
Résumé
Local governement and innovation, the influence of change in local leadership on the local policies.
This text proposes an approach of the processes of innovation in the municipal administrations. It examines initially the question of propensity to the innovation then the influence of certain characteristics of the local leadership. Compared with that of the private companies stimulated by competition, propensity with the innovation and the capacities to innovate of the municipal administrations present particular features: a) they take place in an institutional frame organized under the dependence of the central authorities and, as a consequence, autonomy/dependence is a crucial variable; b) they are controlled by a political power subjected to elections periodic and placed under the influence of the citizens/users/taxpayers by various mechanisms of consumption, participation, collective protest, individual defection. Studies about the impact of the affiliation partisane of the elected teams, the political changes and the renewal of the mayors leads to divergent and discussed results. The change of mayor however seems one of the most influential factors of opening to the innovation in the municipal management and policies.
This text proposes an approach of the processes of innovation in the municipal administrations. It examines initially the question of propensity to the innovation then the influence of certain characteristics of the local leadership. Compared with that of the private companies stimulated by competition, propensity with the innovation and the capacities to innovate of the municipal administrations present particular features: a) they take place in an institutional frame organized under the dependence of the central authorities and, as a consequence, autonomy/dependence is a crucial variable; b) they are controlled by a political power subjected to elections periodic and placed under the influence of the citizens/users/taxpayers by various mechanisms of consumption, participation, collective protest, individual defection. Studies about the impact of the affiliation partisane of the elected teams, the political changes and the renewal of the mayors leads to divergent and discussed results. The change of mayor however seems one of the most influential factors of opening to the innovation in the municipal management and policies.
Ce texte propose une approche des processus d'innovation dans les administrations municipales. Il examine d'abord la question de la propension à l'innovation puis l'influence de certaines caractéristiques du leadership local. Comparée à celle des entreprises privées stimulées par la concurrence, la propension à l'innovation et les capacités d'innover des administrations municipales présentent des traits particuliers : a) elles s'insèrent dans un dispositif institutionnel organisé sous la dépendance du pouvoir central et l'autonomie/dépendance est une variable cruciale; b) elles sont gouvernées par un pouvoir politique soumis à des élections périodiques et placées sous l'influence des citoyens/usagers/contribuables par divers mécanismes de consommation, participation, protestation collective, votre avec les pieds ou défection individuelle. Les travaux concernant l'influence de l'affiliation partisane de l'équipe dirigeante, des changements politiques et du renouvellement des maires débouchent sur des résultats divergents et controversés. Le changement de maire apparaît cependant comme un des facteurs les plus influents d'ouverture à l'innovation dans la gestion et les politiques municipales.
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